This study was conducted to determine the effect of probiotics as an alternative for antibiotics on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, noxious gas emission and fecal microbial population in growing piglets. A total of 96 piglets (22.5±1.3㎏ average body weight) were allotted to 3 different treatment groups and replicated 4 times with 8 piglets per replicate in randomized complete block design. Treatments were T1) (Control, basal diet+0.2% antibiotics), T2) 0.2% probiotics complex and T3) 0.3% Bacillus probiotics. During the whole experiment period, there were no differences (p>0.05) in average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency. However, digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, nitrogen free extract and crude ash were showed higher in probiotics groups (T2 and T3) than those of control. In noxious gas emission, ammonia, amine, hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan were significantly (p

This study was conducted to determine effects of applying cattle slurry and mixed sowing with legumes such as hairy vetch or forage pea on productivity, feed values and organic stock carrying capacity of whole crop barley and rye as winter forage crops, and to obtain organic forages together with higher soil fertility. Experimental plots consisted of 7 treatments, which were non-fertilizer, chemical fertilizer (containing phosphate and potassium: P+K), chemical fertilizer (containing nitrogen, phosphate and potassium: N+P+K), organic fertilizer, cattle slurry, cattle slurry application (mixture with hairy vetch), and cattle slurry application (mixture with forage pea) plots. Each treatment was triplicates, and seven treatments were allocated in a completely randomized block design. For whole crop barley or its mixture crops, annual dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields of N+P+K plots were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than other plots except for cattle slurry plots. The CP content of barley or its mixture crops was significantly higher for N+P+K plot (9.8%) and mixture plots with legumes (8.6~9.7%) than those of other treatments. As 450 ㎏ Hanwoo heifers were fed diets included 70% whole crop barley or 70% mixture crops with legumes, mixture plots are capable of raising average 1.7 to 1.8 heads/ha a year. For rye or its mixture crops, annual DM, CP, and TDN yields represented 6.9∼7.1, 0.5~0.6 and 4.3~4.4 ton/ha, respectively. The N+P+K plot contained 10.8% CP, which was higher (P＜0.05) than all other treatments. In case of 450 ㎏ Hanwoo heifers fed diets included 70% rye or 70% mixture crops with legumes, mixture plots can rear average 1.9 heads/ha a year. When it was considered based on crop yields and organic stock carrying capacity, applying cattle slurry to whole crop barley or rye had the comparable yields and feed values to chemical fertilizer application. Moreover, whole crop barley and rye within cattle slurry plots had a greater combination with hairy vetch and forage pea, respectively, and their mixture crops with legumes had higher crude protein and TDN yields within cattle slurry plots. In conclusion, it would be expected that mixed sowing with legumes in the application of cattle slurry to grass crops could be substituted for imported organic grains as dietary protein sources in feeding organic livestock.

이 실험은 안토시아닌이 함유된 유색보리를 이용하여 생산성과 체내 대사작용에 이로운 기능성 가축사료를 개발하기 위한 기초연구의 일환으로 수행되었다. 시험방법은 35주령 산란계에 보리가 혼합되지 않은 대조구 와 배합사료 대비 유색보리(보안찰보리) 및 청보리(영양보리)의 총체 분말을 각각 5, 10, 15% 비율로 첨가하여 급여시킨 처리구를 대상으로 생산능력, 계란품질, 혈액성상 등을 분석하였고, 유색보리 급여효과도 검토하였 다. 유색보리와 청보리의 총체 분말 첨가사료를 급여한 산란계의 생산성은 두 첨가구 모두에서 15%까지 혼합 비율을 증가시켜도 큰 영향을 미치지 않았고, 난각색, 난백고, 호유닛, 난황색, 난각강도 등 계란 품질에서도 모든 처리구에서 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 혈액성상에서는 유색보리 첨가구에서 혼합 비율을 증가시킬수록 콜레스테롤 함량이 저하하고 중성지방의 감소하는 효과를 보인 반면에 청보리 첨가구에서는 콜레스테롤이 증가하였고 중성지방은 감소하였으나 유색보리에 비해 그 폭이 크지 않았다. 난황 내 포화지방 산 대비 불포화지방산의 비율도 청보리 첨가구보다 유색보리 급여구에서 증가하였으며, 유색보리의 첨가비 율을 높일수록 유의하게 높아지는 경향이었다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 유색보리와 청보리를 총체분말 상태로 급여할 경우 산란계의 생산성이나 계란 품질에 영향을 주지 않기 때문에 사료원료로 15%까지 대체가 가능하 다고 판단되며, 이들 두 시험구 간에는 혈중 콜레스테롤과 HDL 등의 혈액 성상에서 그 경향이 다르게 나타나 안토시아닌이 함유된 유색보리의 생리활성 등에 대한 면밀한 검토를 할 계획이다.

최근 농작물의 생산은 기존 식량작물의 생산개념에서 에너지생산개념으로 변화하고 있으며, 이에 따라 생산 수량에 대한 평가에는 생산단가와 효율이 포함되어야 한다. 이와 같은 사고의 변화는 작물의 특성평가에 관한 부분을 고려하여야 한다는 점이 부각되고 있다. 또한, 실제 포장 군락내에서 작물의 특성은 이와는 별도 로 작물간 상호 작용이 고려된 생장속도, 토양내 양분과 수분에 대한 경합, 개화, 광합성효율, 양분전류속도, 내병충성, 내한발성과 저온저항성 등의 내재해저항성 등이 고려되어야 하며, 콩 품종별, 파종기이동에 따른 수량의 변화도 고려되어야 한다. 우리나라를 비롯하여 전 세계적인 녹지의 확대는 산업적, 사회환경적 측면에 서 시대의 당면과제로 명시되고 있으며, 특히 우리나라와 같이 경지면적이 매우 제한된 농업환경에서는 농지 활용도를 극대화시키는 것이 전략적으로 중요한 위치를 차지하고 있다. 또한, 근래 지구온난화 또는 기후변화 로 표현되는 이상기온현상 또는 불규칙, 불안정한 기후에 대비하여 작물재배, 생산 측면에서, 그리고 토지이 용측면에서도 효율적인 작물의 개발은 시의적절하고 시급한 문제이다. 본 연구에서는 현재 우리나라 우량 콩품종을 포함, 오랜기간 육종소재로 활용되어 왔던 기존의 우량계통을 비롯 30여개의 콩유전자원을 탐색하 여 수량구성요소와 관계된 형질들이 파종기에 따라 어떤 영향을 받는지 비교 하였으며 이를 통해 초기 작물 의 생장속도, 광합성의 결과물인 양분의 전류속도 등을 비교 고찰하였다.

세계적인 사료용 곡물 및 조사료 수입가격의 상승에 대응하고, FTA 등 개방 확대에 따른 국내산 축산물의 경쟁력 향상 및 보리 수매 중단에 따른 농가 소득 보전을 위해 마련된 정부의 청보리 중심의 양질 조사료 생산대책은 재배면적 확대 및 조사료 자급률 향상에 기여하였다. 그러나 청보리만으로는 최대생산에 한계가 있으므로 청보리 저위 생산지역에서 대체작목의 도입과 청보리 재배 가능지역에서 수확량이 많은 양질 조사 료 생산을 위해 다 년간에 걸쳐 각 지역에서 여러 사료맥류의 생산성 및 품질을 검토하였다. 또한 농가의 지나친 벼 조기이앙은 답리작에 다양한 사료맥류의 도입을 제한하고 있으므로 각 지역별 사료맥류-벼의 작부체 계 검토하였다. 그 결과로써 건물수량과 TDN 수량 등 생산성을 고려한 지역별 우수작목은 경남이 귀리>청보 리>TCL(트리티케일)>호밀, 경북이 TCL>청보리>호밀>귀리, 전남이 TCL>청보리>귀리>호밀, 전북이 귀 리>TCL>청보리>호밀, 충남이 TCL>청보리>호밀>귀리, 충북이 TCL>청보리>호밀 순으로 높았다. 지대별·품 종별 벼의 이앙적기(중만생종, 중생종)와 사료맥류 수확시기를 고려할 때 시험이 수행되지 않은 경기도와 강원도를 제외한 전국 어디에서도 사료맥류(품종)의 수확시기가 중생 및 중만생종 벼의 최적 이앙시기보다 빨라 사료맥류-벼 연계 이모작 작부체계에서 사료맥류(품종)의 재배가 벼의 적기이앙에 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 판단되었다.

This study was conducted to investigate the productivity of Hanwoo steers by feeding self-product organic rice straw and concentrates(conventional, T1 and organic T2). Sixteen Hanwoo steers(8 months on the average) were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Feeding trail was carried out in 2 treatment(8 heads/ treatment) by Hanwoo steers for 600 days form 8 to 28 months in age. The range of average daily gains of T1 and T2 were 0.76 to 0.77㎏ in the growing stage, 0.93 to 0.90㎏ in the first fattening stage, 0.99 to 0.84㎏ in the middle fattening stage, and 0.59 to 0.64㎏ in the latter fattening, respectively, and the gains for overall period was higher in T1 than in T2. Concentrates and total digestive nutrients(TDN)(T1) intakes per unit of kg gains were higher than T2 without significant difference. In carcass characteristics, the carcass weight in T1 were higher about 5% than in T2. According to the above results, it may be concluded that dry matter(DM) intakes, crude protein(CP) and TDN contents of feedstuff between treatments was no significant difference. but marbling in T2 score was higher than in T1 about 20%. There were no significant differences rib-eye area, back fat thickness and fat color(p＞0.05).

This study was conducted to assess effects of supplying different types of nitrogen sources as fertilizers on productivity and feed values of barley and rye as winter forage crops, and ultimately done to get good quality of organic forages with higher fertilization of soil. For barley, N+P+K plots were significantly (P＜0.05) higher in annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields than other plots. However, cattle manure plots had significantly (P＜0.05) higher annual DM and TDN than P+K and non-fertilizer plots. Plots of 50%-cattle manure and mixed sowing with hairy vetch or forage pea were higher than only 50%-cattle manure plot, particularly, these were significantly higher than non-fertilizer, and their crude protein (CP) yields were much higher than other plots. Crude protein contents were significantly higher in N+P+K and 50%-cattle manure slurry plots than non-fertilizer and P+K plots, and plots of mixed sowing with hairy vetch or forage pea in application of 50%-cattle manure had higher CP content than other plots. ADF content was lowest in 50%-cattle manure+forage pea plots, but highest in 100%-cattle manure plots. NDF content was lowest in legumes-mixed sowing, but highest in 100%-cattle manure plots. TDN content was the highest in forage pea plots, and plots of 50%-cattle manure and legumes-mixed sowing had high RFV, but cattle manure plots rich in ADF and NDF content had the lowest TDN and RFV. For rye, plots of 50%-cattle manure+hairy vetch mixed sowing, and N+P+K application had significantly higher annual DM, CP and TDN than other plots except for cattle manure. DM productive efficiency to nitrogen fertilization was markedly higher for cattle manure plots than for chemical fertilizer. This tendency was more conspicuous in plots of 50% cattle manure+legumes-mixed sowing. CP content was higher for N+P+K plot than for all plots, and plots of 50%-cattle manure + legumes-mixed sowing were significantly higher than other plots. On the contrary, forage pea-mixed sowing plot had the lowest ADF and NDF, but TDN and RFV were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than other plots. Grass crop cultivation together with legumes by applying livestock manure to soil may lead to higher palatability of livestock, and better quality of forage. Furthermore, cattle manure application increased production yield per ha and CP contents. Thus, when applying forage crops produced by cattle manure application and mixed sowing to organic livestock production, it was conceived that forages produced might become a substitute for foreign organic grain as protein sources.

In attempt to select the most appropriate forage legume species, this study was conducted on the 10 forage legume crops suitable for the central region of Korea and investigated their productivity, feed values and stock carrying capacity. In the results, red clover showed fresh matter yield 38.6 ton/ha, dry matter yield 7.8 ton/ha, crude protein yield 1.0 ton/ha, total digestible nutrients(TDN) yield 4.6 ton/ha, its fresh matter yield, dry matter yield and nutrient yield were significantly(p＜0.05) higher than other species. The value of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) were getting higher by the late harvest time then galega and cicer milkvetch were the highest and yellow suckling clover was the lowest value. Relative feed value(RFV) showed good feed values above 100 except cicer milkvetch and galega. In terms of feed grading, yellow suckling clover, yellow blossom sweet clover, crimson clover, hairy vetch were classified into 1st grade, above 151%. The average stock carrying capacity was yet high Kcp(2.18 head/ ha/yr), KTDN(1.25 head/ha/yr) and K(0.04 head/ha/yr). Especially, red clover had the highest stock carrying capacity, Kcp 6.84 head/ha/yr, KTDN 3.64 head/ha/yr and K 0.05 head/ha/yr. According to results, red clover is considered to be the most appropriate crops for the central region, in terms of quality, feed value and stock carrying capacity.

된장의 영양성과 기능성을 향상시키기 위해 해양심층수와 protease 고 생산성 미생물을 이용하여 개량식 된장을 제조하여 다양한 기능적 특성을 조사하였다. Protease 활성은 재래식 된장에서 분리한 DH3을 접종시킨 된장이 (unit/mL/min)로 가장 우수하였다. Protease 활성과 ACE저해 활성은 발효기간이 길어질수록 증가되었으며 발효 30일 후 된장M과 된장 PD의 동결건조 분말(10mg/mL)의 ACE 저해활성은 각각 , 로 조

This study was carried out to estimate the selection of appropriate forage crops proper application levels of livestock manure, and carrying capacity per unit area for organic livestock, as influenced by livestock manure application levels compared with chemical fertilizer to corn and sorghum × sorghum hybrid, in order to produce organic forages by utilizing livestock manure. For both corns and sorghum × sorghum hybrids, no fertilizer plots had significantly (p

The highland area remained bare for the winter and spring seasons and this condition has resulted in soil erosion. In this areas, crop rotation by legume has not been commonly practiced. Thus, this study was carried out to evaluate the effects of the growth characteristics and nitrogen yield as a green manure crop according to sowing seasons of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch. In this experiment, we was investigated the growth characteristics, winter tolerance, soil coverage and productivities of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch. We cultivated two hairy vetch(Madison, H1) and two woolly pod vetch(Naomi, Haymaker) varieties in the highland are a from 2006 to 2007. The result are summarized as follows; The plant heigpt of hairy vetch increased with the progress of growth stage until flowering stage. The wintering rate of hairy vetch was 79~83% in highland area. But, the wintering rate of woolly pod vetch was 29.5~39.2%. The 100% soil coverage of hairy vetch was reached between end of May and beginning of June under autumn sowing and between end of June and beginning of July under spring sowing The weeds density of hairy vetch field under autumn sowing was lower than that under spring sowing Dry matter yield of hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of woolly pod vetch under autumn sowing. The dry matter yield of hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch were 5,255~5,405㎏/㏊ and 3,520~3,640㎏/㏊, respectively. But, hairy vetch in spring sowing was not significantly higher fresh matter yield than that of woolly pod vetch. The nitrogen content in hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch was 2.98~3.08 and 2.74~3.21%, respectively. There were no significant difference in nitrogen content of the hairy vetch and woolly pod vetch under the spring sowing. N-uptake of hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of woolly pod vetch in autumn sowing. The N uptake was 156~164 ㎏/㏊ in hairy vetch and 96~101 ㎏/㏊ in woolly pod vetch under autumn sowing. It was thought that hairy vetch was better than woolly pod vetch as a green manure crop in autumn sowing considering wintering rate and yield of dry matter in highland area. And woolly pod vetch could use as a green manure crop under spring sowing in highland area.

논에서 청보리 뒷그루에 알맞은 사료작물로는 사료용옥수수, 수단그라스, 사료용 벼 등이 있다. 사료용옥수수는 청보리 뒷그루 재배시 적파에 비하여 생산성의 감소가 매우 큰데 수량성의 감소폭이 적은 품종을 선정하여 재배할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 시험은 청보리 뒷그루로 논에서 재배한 사료용옥수수7품종에 대하여 생육 및 수량성을 비교하였다. 검은줄오갈병 이병율은 청보리 뒷그루 재배시 2.5 ~ 18.8%, 단작재배 6.4 ~ 49.1%로서 청보리 뒷그루재배에서 검은줄오갈병의 발생이 적었고, 품종별로는 수원 19호가 가장 많이 이병되었으며, 광평옥이 강하였다. 청보리 뒷그루로 재배한 사료용옥수수는 단작재배에 비하여 청예수량 8.2%, 건물수량 28.4%, 종실수량 49.0%, TDN 수량 32.0% 감수되었다. 청보리 뒷그루 재배로 인하여 건물수량, 종실수량 및 TDN수량의 감소폭이 큰 품종은 장다옥, DK697 등이었고, 감소폭이 적은 품종은 청안옥, P3394 등이었다. 단작 대비 청보리 뒷그루 재배시 종실수량과 TDN 수량이 높은 품종은 광평옥과 P3394 이었고, 생체수량과 건물수량이 높은 품종은 강다옥 이었다.

녹비작물은 농업생산의 건전성과 지속성 유지를 위하여 작부체계내의 재배기술이 중요하다. 특히 두과 녹비작물인 헤어리베치는 공중질소를 고정할 뿐만 아니라 생초 생산력과 질소함량이 높아서 생물비료로써는 높은 효과를 가지고 있다. 본시험은 이러한 효과를 가진 헤어리베치의 답리작에서 안전성을 구명하고자 파종방법별 녹비생산력 및 토양 이화학성의 변화를 구명하고 수행하였다. 시험장소는 경기도 수원시 서둔동 국립식량과학원 벼 시험포장에서 벼 수확 후 답리작으로 시험을 수행하였다. 시험토양은 신흥통으로 식양질이었고, 헤어리베치는 중국에서 도입한 H-1을 파종하였다. 파종방법은 벼 입모중 파종과 벼수확 후 부분경운파종 및 세조파를 하였다. 입모중파종과 부분경운파종이 세조파에 비하여 녹비 생산성이 우수하였고 토양물리성도 개선되는 경향이었다.

귀리는 가축 기호성 및 사료가치가 높기 때문에 축산농가가 선호하며, 생육속도가 빨라 다른 작물과 연계한 작부 도입 용이한 장점이 있다. 국내에는 생태형 및 용도에 따라 하파, 추파용 및 쌀귀리 등 다양한 귀리품종이 개발되어 있으나 우수품종의 홍보 및 재배기술 개발 미흡으로 축산농가는 종자를 도입 품종에 의존하고 있다. 따라서 도입 귀리 종자를 국내품종으로 대체하고, 조사료 연중 생산을 위해 작부체계상 적기에 적품종이 공급 재배되도록 국내 육성품종의 작기별 생육 반응 검토하였다. 시험재료는 하이스피드, 다크호스, 스완(하파용, 8월 중순 파종, 10월 중순 수확), 삼한, 동한, 조한(추파용)및 선양, 대양, 조양(쌀귀리)이었고, 이들을 3월 상순부터 11월 상순까지 한 달에 2회 총 16회를 파종하여 생육, 조사료 수량 및 사료가치를 평가하였다. 각 절기에 따른 귀리 생태형별 건물수량은 춘파에서는 하파>쌀귀리>추파용 귀리, 하파에서는 하파>쌀귀리>추파용 귀리, 추파에서는 추파>쌀귀리>하파용 귀리 순으로 높았고, 계절별로 조사료 생산성이 우수한 품종은 하이스피드, 조양, 다크호스(춘파), 하이스피드, 다크호스, 스완(하파), 삼한, 동한, 동한(추파)순이었다. 그리고 여름 재배(5월 하순 ~8월 초순 파종)에서는 하고와 습해 등 생육장해로 인해 모든 생태형에서 조사료 생산이 불가능하였다. 기타 이들의 출수반응과 사료가치에 대해 고찰하였다.

참돌꽃 캘러스로부터 elicitor와 전구체가 salidroside 생산에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. Elicitor로서 효모추출물, 연자성 세라믹, methyl jasmonate, jasmonic acid, ascorbic acid, 및 중금속 (CuCl2/CdCl2)을 캘러스 배양에 처리하였다. 효모추출물 0.2g/l농도로 처리한 결과 처리하지 않은 대조구에 보다 3.45배 증가시켰다. 사용된 elicitor 중 효모추출물이 가장 높은 salidroside 생산을 보여 가장 적합한 elicitor로 사료된다. 전구체로서 L-phenylalanine과 L-tyrosine을 배지에 첨가하여 4일 간 배양 처리하였다. Salidroside 함량분석 결과 캘러스로부터 전구체들은 유용물질 생합성에 영향을 주지는 않았다. 캘러스 배양에 첨가 처리된 L-tyrosine의 모든 농도의 경우에는 캘러스 생장뿐만 아니라 salidroside 생산을 감소시켰다.

This trial was conducted to assess effects of cattle slurry application on productivity and feed values of barley and hairy vetch when they were influenced by single or mixed-sowed cultivation in paddy fields, and to obtain good quality of organic forage resources. The results summarized are as follows. For barley and hairy vetch, single-sowed cultivation was lower in annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) yields than mixed-sowed (P

This study was conducted to determine adequate forage crop choice and optimal level of livestock manure, when different types and levels of the livestock manure were applied in corns or sorghum×sorghum hybrids for the production of organic roughages by utilizing livestock manure. For the corn, yields of annual dry matter (DM) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were highest in N+P+K-applied treatments, showing 17.3 and 11.7 ton/ha, respectively. Treatments applied 100% composted cattle manure (8.9 and 6.1 ton/ha) and 100% cattle slurry (9.4 and 7.5 ton/ha) in contrast with chemical fertilizer-N had higher yields of DM and TDN than no fertilizer (4.8 and 2.7 ton/ha) and P+K-applied treatments (8.8 and 6.0 ton/ha). Particularly, treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry were markedly higher, which represented 11.4 and 7.6 ton/ha and 10.3 and 7.3 ton/ha, respectively. Crude protein (CP) contents for corns applied livestock manure ranged from 5.6 to 6.6%, which were significantly (p＜0.05) higher than those of no fertilizer (3.9%) and P+K-applied treatments (5.5%). ADF (42.4%) and NDF (58.3%) contents for no fertilizer treatment were significantly (p＜0.05) higher than those of other treatments. However, TDN contents were higher for livestock manure treatments than for no and/or chemical fertilizer treatments. In particular, TDN contents of treatments applied 150% composted cattle manure and 150% cattle slurry showed 72.3 and 70.8%, respectively and both treatments were significantly (p＜0.05) higher than all of the other treatments. For the sorghum×sorghum hybrid, yields of annual DM and TDN for 100% (12.4 and 7.4 ton/ha) and 150% (13.1 and 7.6 ton/ha) cattle slurry-applied treatments, and N+P+K-applied treatments (12.6 and 7.7 ton/ha) were significantly (p＜0.05) higher than those of the others. In the others, 150% composted cattle manure (9.3 and 5.2 ton/ha) had higher annual DM and TDN yields than P+K-applied (8.4 and 4.8 ton/ha) and 100% composted cattle manure treatments (7.4 and 4.2 ton/ha), with no significant difference. Crude protein contents for sorghum×sorghum hybrid applied P+K and cattle slurry were 8.8 and 8.6%, respectively. CP contents for both treatments were significantly higher than those of composted manure (7.5~8.3%) and no fertilizer (4.0%) treatments, but 100% livestock manure treatments had higher CP contents than 150%-applied treatments. ADF and NDF contents for N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments were significantly (p＜0.05) lower than the others. However, TDN contents were highest in N+P+K and cattle slurry-applied treatments, showing 61.2 and 58.3 to 59.4%, respectively. These results indicated that application of livestock manure instead of chemical fertilizer to the soil of forage crops might not only improve yields of DM and TDN, but also reduce environmental pollution by producing organic roughages through recycling of livestock manure.

컨테이너 화물의 복합운송시스템 중에서 체화현상은 항만에서 가장 심각하다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 해상과 육상의 경계선에서 체선체화 문제를 발생시키는 컨테이너 크레인의 직업효율을 향상시키는 방법을 생각할 수 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 가능한 범위에서 트롤리를 목표지점까지 빠르게 이동시키는 동시에 목표위치에서의 흔들림도 짧은 시간 내에 제어하는 문제를 다루고 있다. 제어 전략으로 설계된 구간에서 최적의 성능과 강인성이 보장되는 LQ 제어와 제약조건에서 최적화가 가능한 실수코딩 유전알고리즘을 결합한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 제안한 제어기가 설정한 설계사양을 완벽하게 만족하는 것을 보임으로 그 유효성을 증명한다.

This study was conducted to evaluate effects of feeding earthworm meal on the meat safety and performance of broiler chicks. A total of 60 broiler chicks at 7 days of age were fed the commercial diet and water until 47 days of age, earthworm meal divided into three treatments, 0% (control), 0.4% (treatment-1) and 0.6% (treatment-2) of dry earthworm meal. The body weight gain and feed/gain tend to be increase fed a 0.4 to 0.6% than 0% of earthworm meal. The effects tended to be higher in 0.4% than 0.6% of earthworm meal. As, Cd, Cr, Hg and Pb were detected at level of 4.41, 1.23, 1.18, 0.00 and 3.39ppm in earthworm meal, respectively, but those were not detected in the chicken meat (breast and thigh meat). It was assumed that supplementing 0.4% of earthworm meal in the broiler diet, improved the performance of broiler chicks and it still did not affect meat safety.