Background : Reactive oxygen species (ROS), whether produced endogenously as a consequence of normal cell functions or derived from external sources, pose a constant threat to cells living in an aerobic environment as they can result in severe damage to DNA, protein, and lipids. The effects of Valeriana fauriei extract and fractions on hydrogen peroxide-induced neuronal cell damage are studied. Methods and Results : Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases. Valeriana fauriei extract (VFE) and EA fractions (VFEA) was investigated total phenolic contents using method. VFE of total phenolic contents had 2.54 ± 0.01 mg/g, also, VFEA had a 18.78 ± 0.03 mg/g. High phenolic content of the VFEA is expected to better the inhibition of oxidative stress. VFE and VFEA were experimented to inhibit ROS induced 200 μM 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). VFE of inhibit SIN-1 induced-ROS dose dependently and signficantly. In addition, VFEA inhibition was also dose dependant and significant. Moreover, Treatment of SH-SY5Y and SK-N-SH cells with VFEA significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide-induced generation of intercellular ROS. Conclusion : From the above results, we may suggest that VFEA might have useful as a material for functional food and pharmaceutics for the pathological process of neurodegenerative diseases.

This study aimed to describe the mechanism and reaction characteristics of the adhered mortar removal of recycled aggregate (RA) using microwave irradiation (700 W) and a mixed solution of HCl and H2O2. The HOCl concentration increased to 29.7 M at 35oC and 40 min of reaction time without RA in the mixed solution, which shows that HCl reacts with H2O2 to form HOCl and water. However, after nitrogen purging, the HOCl concentration decreased to 2.71 M in 20 min, which proves indirectly that HOCl reacts with HCl to form Cl2 and water. The HOCl concentration decreased from 29.7 M to 1.88 M at 35oC in 40 min with RA in the mixed solution, and the Ca2+ concentration increased to 9,750 mg/L, which demonstrates indirectly that mortar mainly composed of Ca(OH)2 reacts with Cl2 to form Ca(OCl)2 and CaCl2. The reaction rate (k) with microwave heating was about 2.3 times faster than that with conventional heating, and k at a reaction temperature of 50oC was about 1.3 times faster than that at 35oC. The treated RA was improved in density, water absorption, abrasion loss, and absolute volume.

These days, the development of various pre- and post-combustion techniques has been pursued in order to reduce the emission of CO2 in the fleet of coal-fired power plants, since it is of great importance to each country’s energy production while also being the single largest emitter of CO2. As part of this kind of research efforts, in this study, a novel burning method is tried by the co-burning of the pulverized coal with the stoichiometric mixture of the hydrogen and oxygen (H2+1/2O2) called as HHO. For the investigation of this idea, the commercial computational code (STAR-CCM+) was used to perform a series of calculation for the IFRF (International Flame Research Foundation) coal-fired boiler (Michel and Payne, 1980). In order to verify the code performance, first of all, the experimental data of IFRF has been successfully compared with the calculation data. Further, the calculated data employed with pure coal are compared with the co-burning case for the evaluation of the substituted HHO performance. The reduced amount of coal feeding was fixed to be 30% and the added amount of HHO to produce a similar flame temperature with pure coal combustion was considered as 100% case of HHO addition. This value varies from 100 to 90, 80, 60, 50, 0% in order to see the effect of HHO amount on the performance of pulverized coal-fired combustion with the 30% reduced coal feeding. One of the most important thing found in this study is that the 100% addition of HHO amount shows approximately the same flame shape and temperature with the case of 100% coal combustion, even if the magnitude of the flow velocity differs significantly due to the reduced amount of air oxidizer. This suggests the high possibility of the replacement of the coal fuel with HHO in order to reduce the CO2 emission in pulverized coal-fired power plant. However, an extensive parametric study will be needed in near future, in terms of the reduction amount of coal and HHO addition in order to evaluate the possibility of the HHO replacement for coal in pulverized coal-fired combustion.

The purpose of the present study is to examine characteristics of hydrogen sulfide adsorption using iron-activated carbon composite adsorbents prepared by ferric nitrate and ferric chloride. Prepared adsorbents were discussed on H2S adsorption capacity. Also, adsorbents were analyzed by surface analysis methods for illustrating the physical characteristics of H2S adsorption. The breakthrough tests of H2S were conducted at 3,333 ppm of inlet concentration, demonstrating that the adsorption capacity for iron-activated carbon composite adsorbents was in order of FC_AC (Ferric chloride_Activated carbon), FN_AC (Ferric nitrate_Activated carbon), FC (Ferric chloride) and FN (Ferric nitrate). Adsorption capacity of FC was 0.06 g/g, whereas FC_AC showed the highest capacity of 0.171 g/g. All adsorbents exhibited the amorphous type in physical appearance based on XRD analysis and high Fe content based on EDS analysis. The surface areas of composites were increased by adding activated carbon, exhibiting better adsorption capacity.

폐기물 가스화는 폐기물 내에 포함되어있는 C, H 성분을 CO, H2가 주성분인 합성가스로 전환하는 기술이다. 가스화로부터 생산된 합성가스는 수성가스전이반응 (Water Gas Shift, CO + H2O → CO2 + H2, ΔH = -41.1 kJ mol-1) 공정을 통해 고순도 수소로 전환이 가능하다. 최근 연구 결과 보고에서 바이메탈 형태의 Ni-Cu-CeO2 촉매는 고온 수성가스전이반응에 매우 높은 활성과 선택도를 보였다. 본 연구에서는 Ni-Cu-CeO2 촉매의 제조방법 최적화를 위해 Ni-Cu-CeO2 촉매를 함침법, 공침법, 졸-겔법, 수열합성법으로 제조하고 활성을 비교 평가 하였다. 다양한 제조방법 중 졸-겔법으로 제조한 Ni-Cu-CeO2 촉매가 가장 높은 CO 전환율을 나타내었다. 이는 졸-겔법으로 제조한 촉매의 높은 표면적과 활성물질-담체간 강한 상호작용에 기인한 결과이다.

화석에너지 자원 고갈 및 경제발전에 따른 산업화가 가속화되면서 폐기물의 발생량이 지속적으로 증가하여 폐기물 에너지화 기술에 대한 관심이 급증하고 있다. 공정상에 발생하는 폐기물 중에서 특히, 메탄올의 경우에는 분리가 쉬우며 저장성이 용이하고 연료전지 사용 및 수소에너지로의 변환이 용이하므로 많은 전원장치에서 응용이 가능하다. 공정상에서 비상전원의 경우에는 배터리 또는 연료전지를 이용하게 된다. 이때 PEM 연료전지를 이용할 경우 배터리에 비해 에너지 밀도가 현저히 높기 때문에 장시간 비상전원 공급이 가능하다. 메탄올의 경우에는 다른 폐기물에 비해서 높은 수소 : 탄소 비를 가지며 낮은 끓는점을 가지면서 공정 폐기물에서 쉽게 추출할 수 있으며 저장하는데 별도의 장치가 필요 없고 또한 낮은 온도에서 간단한 조건에서 쉽게 개질이 가능하므로 연료전지 시스템에 적용이 용이하다. 본 연구에서는 공정상 추출한 메탄올을 비상전원장치의 연료로 사용한 PEM 연료전지에 적용이 가능한 메탄올 개질 반응에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 수소를 생산하는 개질반응에는 열분해 반응, 수증기 개질 반응, 부분 산화 반응 및 수증기 개질 반응 및 부분 산화 반응의 조합으로 이루어진 자열 개질 반응이 존재한다. 4가지의 개질반응에 대한 각각의 실험을 수행하여 비상전원시스템으로의 적합성에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 비상전원시스템의 경우에는 구조가 간단하고 부가 장치가 적을수록 가공, 제작 및 장치 구동 면에서 유리하고 또한 성공적인 비상 PEM 연료전지 구동을 위한 수소 생산을 위해서는 연료 개질 시스템은 복잡하게 구성되며 연료전지의 구동 온도가 낮을수록 더 많은 과정을 거치게 된다. 비상전원시스템에서 동적 부하 변동에 빠른 응답성을 가지며 동시에 메탄올에 대해서 비교적 안정적인 운전이 가능하며 외부 열원의 사용을 최소화 할 수 있는 개질 반응 연구를 수행하였다. 다양한 개질 반응에 대한 수소 발생률 및 BOP(Balance of Plant)의 비교 검증을 통하여 비상전원시스템에 가장 적합한 개질 반응에 대한 선택을 하였으며 선택된 개질 반응을 이용하여 비상 PEM 연료전지 전원장치 시스템에 적용시켰다. 이는 비상 PEM 연료전지 전원장치 뿐만 아니라 다양한 연료 처리 장치에 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

This study aimed to determine adhered mortar content of recycled aggregate (RA) using microwave irradiation (700W)and mixed solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The optimum condition was first to soakRA in tap water for 30 min and then RA was soaked in mixed solution of 30% HCl and 15% H2O2 (HCl:H2O2=1:2) for 70-90min after 15-min microwave irradiation. The mortar of RA in the condition was completely removed within2.3 hrs. Reaction rate (k) with the condition was −0.6408hr−1, which was about 190 times faster than that with HCl only(k=−0.0034hr−1).