가교제의 양과 희석용매의 종류(톨루엔, 시클로헥산, 시클로-핵산올) 및 희석용매의 비에 따라 양이온 교환막인 술폰화 폴리스티렌-디비닐벤젠 공중합체 분리막을 합성한 후 특성화하고, pH와 초기농도의 변화에 따른 유기산 투과량의 변화를 고찰하였다. 제조한 막은 가교제의 양이 감소할수록, 단량체 용액의 희석정도가 클수록 함수율과 이온교환용량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 희석용매로는 시클로헥산올을 사용한 막이 다른 용매를 사용한 막에 비해 더욱 다공질이고 큰 함수율과 이온교환용량을 보였다. 유기산의 투과실험에서는 수용액상의 포름산, 아세트산과 같은 카르복시산은 pH가 pKa보다 낮아질수록 투과량이 증가하였으며, 아미노산인 L-알라닌은 등전점 pH에서 투과량의 최소치를 나태내었다. 한편, 모든 유기산에 대하여 초기농도 증가에 따른 플럭스의 변화는 전형적인 포화속도론적 경향을 나타내었다.

There has been a tremendous expansion in the use of paleomagnetic methods to detect and measure the relative movement of different tectonic units on both a global and subcontinental scale, and consequently the fifth earth science curriculum which starts from 1990 emphasizes more on paleomagnetism than that of the previous. And earth science teachers will, therefore, need materials to teach the students paleomagnetism or plate tectonics. This paper was written to fulfill such a requirement by offering earth science teachers the basic principles and methods of paleomagnetism and paleomagnetic data of Korea.

다른 生長條件(growth chamber, outdoor)과 室素施肥條件(N 0, N 60kg ha-1')에서 자란 Perennial rye- grass잎에 있어서 葉伸長率(LER)과 伸底部位의 空間的 移動 및 細胞의 伸長등을 알아보고자, 잎 基部내 伸長部位의 O~30mm에 pin처리를 하고 일정시간후 Pin hole의 이동거리로서 長을 조사하었으며 표면복 제방법에 의해 細胞의 길이를 측정하였다. Growth chamber에서 자란 목초의 LE

파종기(播種期) 이동(移動)에 따른 사일리지용 옥수수의 생장반응(生長反應)을 알아 보고자 1980년(年) 4월(月) 25일(日)부터 6월(月) 24일(日)까지 12일(日) 간격(間隔)으로 6회(回)의 파종기(播種期)를 두고 축산시험장(畜産試驗場) 사료포장(飼料圃場)에서 조생종(早生種) MTC-1과 만생종(晩生種) 수원(水原) 19호(號)를 가지고 시험(試驗)한 결과(結果)는 아래와 같다. 1. 파종기(播種期)가 늦어질수록 출현일수(出現日數)는 단축(短縮

파종기(播種期)를 이동(移動)할 때 수수, 수단그라스, 그리고 수수×수단그라스 교잡종(交雜種)의 생육(生育), 건물축적(乾物蓄積) 및 성분함량(成分含量)의 변화(變化)에 미치는 영향을 알고져 1981~'83년(年)에 포장시험(圃場試驗)으로 실시(實施)하였다. 파종기(播種期)는 4월(月) 16일(日)부터 2주일(週日) 간격(間隔)으로 7처리(處理)를 두었던 바 그 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)하면 다음과 같다. 1 수수속작

Vertical distribution of interstitial Cu^(++) contents of bottom sediments, upward benthic flux and oxidation zone flux are measured from the sediments at a site of Gongjichon area, Lake Uiam. Interstitial Cu^(++) contents show a pronounced maximum at water-sediment interface, and linear decrease to the depth of 9 cm at which anoxic sediments begin to occur, which cause an upward benthic flux and oxidation zone flux of interstitial Cu^(++). The depths of minimum interstitial Cu^(++) content show those of maximum sediment Cu^(++) content from which we presume the vertical flux and inter-species exchange of elements in the sediment layer. In oxic zone, interstitial Cu^(++) contents correlate very well with total organic matters, and total organic matters with mean particle size. These facts suggest that the amount of interstitial Cu^(++) contents are mainly controlled by the amounts of organic matters supplied to the sediment when they were deposited rather than by the post-depositional processes in the sediment layers. Upward benthic flux to the overlying water and oxidation zone flux to the interface of oxic and anoxic zone are 5.2×10^(-9)μ㏖·㎝^(-2)·sec^(-1), 0.1×10^(-9)μ㏖·㎝^(-2)·sec^(-1), respectively.

이 연구는 베트남 현지 한국어 초급 학습자를 위한 ‘가다’, ‘오다’의 오류 양상을 토대로 적절한 교육 방안을 모색하는 것에 연구 의 목적을 두었다. 이를 위하여 문헌 고찰을 통한 연구 현안 및 이론 적 배경을 확인하였고, 베트남어 ‘đi(가다)’, ‘đến(오다)’의 의미를 비교 하였다. 그다음 베트남 현지 초급 학습자의 쓰기 자료 46편(1,413어절) 을 분석하여 베트남인 현지 한국어 초급 학습자의 ‘가다’, ‘오다’의 의 미적 오류 양상을 확인하는 양적 연구를 진행하였다. 이로써 국내 베 트남인 학습자가 범한 오류와 비교하고, 앞서 확인한 내용을 토대로 현지 학습자를 위한 적절한 교육의 방향성을 제언하였다.

전자현미분석기를 이용한 규산염 유리의 정량화학조성 분석 시 알칼리 원소, 특히 Na이 전자빔에 의해 분석 영역 밖으로 이동(migration)하면서 X선 측정 세기가 시간에 따라 감소하는 현상은 오래 전부터 알려져 왔다. EPMA로 규산염 유리의 Na 함량을 정확하게 측정하기 위해서는 전자빔에 의한 Na 이동을 최소화하는 분석방법을 적용하거나 Na 이동에 따른 X선 측정 세기의 감소 효과를 보정해 주어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 X선 세기의 시계열 변화 곡선을 이용해 Na 이동에 의한 X선 감소를 보정할 수 있는 Probe for EPMA 소프 트웨어의 Time Dependent Intensity(TDI) 보정 기능을 이용해 규산염 유리 표준시료 8종의 Na을 분석하였다. 일반적인 지질시료 분석 조건인 15 kV 가속전압, 20 nA 전류 세기 하에서 TDI 보정의 정확도를 검증하였다. 연구 결과 20 μm 크기의 큰 전자빔을 사용했을 때는 Na 감소가 거의 일어나지 않아 보정 없이도 Na의 함량을 정확하게 측정할 수 있었다. 빔의 크기가 10 μm 이하일 때는 Na 감소가 일어나 최대 -55%에 달하는 큰 오차가 발생하는데 TDI 보정을 적용해 이 오차를 ±10% 이내로 줄일 수 있다. Na X선 시계열 변화의 초기 측정값에 가중치를 주고 변화 추세를 선형적으로 가정하는 방법을 사용하면 상대오차를 ±6% 이내로 더 줄여 정확한 Na2O 함량을 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 알칼리 원소가 많이 포함된 유리질 시료에서 분석 영역이 충분히 크지 못해 작은 전자빔을 사용해야만 한다면 적절한 TDI 보정을 반드시 해주어야 정확한 조성을 얻을 수 있다.

In this paper, lysimeter was installed to analyze the moisture fluctuations on the surface of a forest. The weight of the soil was measured, and the moisture fluctuations were calculated through the difference in weight over time. The amount of dew condensation on the surface of the ground was about 2-7 mm. January experienced the most dew condensation (7.2 mm). It was found that about 43 mm of dew condensation was generated over one year. To analyze the characteristics of evapotranspiration in the forest, the evapotranspiration on the surface was measured by the lysimeter method and the evapotranspiration on the upper part of the canopy was measured by the eddy covariance method. These results were compared and analyzed. Until mid-October, the evapotranspiration of the forest was active, and the amount of evapotranspiration on the top of the canopy was higher than the amount on the surface. Thereafter, the amount of evapotranspiration on the top of the canopy decreased due to the lowering of temperature and net-radiation. The amount of evapotranspiration on the surface and above the canopy showed the same tendency.

The coastal water is a space where salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), critical energy-conveying mediator, stay to adapt to different environments while traveling between ocean and river ecosystems for spawning and growth. The mid-eastern coast of Korea (MECW) is the southern limit of salmon distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. Understanding the distribution and migration characteristics of salmon in the MECW is important for the prediction of changes in the amount and distribution of salmon related to changes in the future marine environment. We analyzed the relationship between the salmon migratory timing ascending the Wangpi river and change in vertical seawater temperature and tidal elevation. Overall results highlight that (1) Salmon began to ascend the river when the sea surface water temperature (SST) decreased below 20°C; (2) The number of salmon ascending the river increased when the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers decreased, but decreased when the temperature difference was higher than 5°C; (3) The number of salmon ascending the river peaked, when the SST was 18°C-19°C and sea levels rose at high tide. This study provide important insight into predicting changes in the ecosystem energy circulation through climate change at its southern distribution limit.

This study investigates how English path verbs and manner verbs are translated into Korean. In Korean, the verb-framed language, the manner component of motion events may be omitted because Korean speakers tend not to pay much attention to the manner part of the motion events. The similar tendency has been reported in some previous studies, which compare Korean speakers’ recognition of motion events with those of English speakers. When motion events in a satellite-frame language are translated into a verb-framed language, the manner component of motion events may be omitted. This study examines how English path verbs and manner verbs of describing motion events are translated into Korean, using English-Korean video translation data. In this study, the authors claim that English speakers and Korean speakers recognize motion events differently, and different types of motion verbs are used to describe the same motion events.

This study described the characteristics of the upstream migration of salmon (Chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta) along Yeon-gok Stream in the eastern coastal region of Korea from October 24 to November 9, 2018 using radio tag and data storage tag loggers for the detection of the locations of tagged salmon and measurement of water temperature. Tracking experiments were conducted and classified into four types (case 1 to case 4) depending on the release time and the number of salmon tracked. Experiments from case 1 to case 3 were classified depending on the number of salmon tracked into cases in which a single tagged salmon was tracked (case 1), a pair of tagged salmon was tracked (case 2), and salmon were tracked by different sex ratios (case 3). Experiments from cases 1 to 3 were conducted between 10 AM and 1 PM, and case 4 was conducted after 3:30 PM. Salmon moved and spawned in the downstream region of the Yeon-gok, where water temperature is higher than in other rivers and salmon return in Canada, Russia, Japan, and the U.S.A. Most of the radio-tagged salmon swam in deep and shaded areas during the day but actively moved upstream close to sunset, regardless of the release time. Females showed relatively more active movements than males during upstream migration.

Multi-floor navigation of a mobile robot requires a technology that allows the robot to safely get on and off the elevator. Therefore, in this study, we propose a method of recognizing the elevator from the current position of the robot and estimating the location of the elevator locally so that the robot can safely get on the elevator regardless of the accumulated position error during autonomous navigation. The proposed method uses a deep learning-based image classifier to identify the elevator from the image information obtained from the RGB-D sensor and extract the boundary points between the elevator and the surrounding wall from the point cloud. This enables the robot to estimate the reliable position in real time and boarding direction for general elevators. Various experiments exhibit the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method.

Getting on and off an elevator is one of the most important parts for multi-floor navigation of a mobile robot. In this study, we proposed the method for the pose recognition of elevator doors, safe path planning, and motion estimation of a robot using RGB-D sensors in order to safely get on and off the elevator. The accurate pose of the elevator doors is recognized using a particle filter algorithm. After the elevator door is open, the robot builds an occupancy grid map including the internal environments of the elevator to generate a safe path. The safe path prevents collision with obstacles in the elevator. While the robot gets on and off the elevator, the robot uses the optical flow algorithm of the floor image to detect the state that the robot cannot move due to an elevator door sill. The experimental results in various experiments show that the proposed method enables the robot to get on and off the elevator safely.