This paper explores the function and the role of poverty in the theology of John Calvin. In recent years, Calvin scholarship has been concerned to the ministry of the Genevan Church to social welfare policy, especially the poor. The writer tries to reveal peculiarity of Calvin’s system with respect to social welfare, examining numerous studies on his social and economic ethics. This study demonstrates that Calvin’s theology of poverty undercuts merit piety of medieval Roman Catholic Church, and that he relates the issue of poverty to his Christology, the nature of the Christian life, and the Church. This study proceeds as follows. The introduction discusses the concept of the Church Fathers and understanding of medieval church on poverty. The second chapter describes Genevan context of the sixteenth century in regard to civil relief system. This chapter shows that before Calvin comes to Geneva, there has been social care system developed by Genevan citizens. The chapter sketches an historical context for Calvin’s theological view on poverty. This fact plays an important role in reconstruction of social welfare institutions by Calvin. He endeavors to reform relief system of the poor in coordination of the ecclesiastical system and civil magistrates. Chapter three will be divided into three parts. First part examines Calvin’s theology of the poverty in his writings and sermons. Calvin interprets multifariously the poverty of Christ and its significance for the Christian life and the church, investigating theological meanings of physical and spiritual poverty. Second part examines the right use of wealth, showing that Calvin is essentially primer among the Reformation theologians to wrestle with the interrelation of secular economic development and the material and moral welfare of the individual. Third part argues the relationship between the ecclesiastical system and civil system in Calvin’s social welfare. This part demonstrates that for Calvin, coterminous interaction between the church and civil government on charitable work was unique. Conclusion part says several remarks of Calvin’s theology of poverty.

The EU recently adopted the policy for organic food and farming, Even though the EU enacted a regulation for or ganic farming in 1991, there has been no formal policy for supporting organic farming in the EU. This may mean that the EU regards the organic food and farming as an important sector for the future of European farming Therefore, this study firstly explores the development processes and current situation of the EU organic food and farming policy, and then summaries the priorities of the EU organic food and farming sector. These were reflected to make up an action plan and a new regulation for the EU organic food and farming. The main features of the recent change in the EU policy would be the application of comprehensive perspective for dealing with organic food and farming issues.

The present study construct a new technique that can evaluate diverse rural policies, which have been applied to the rural development programs at the village level. The method incorporates spatial econometrics models with a decomposition method that has little been utilized before. We applies the technique to evaluate the rural development programs that have been carried out by the Korea Forest Service and. Korea Rural Development Agency. The technique proved to be quite useful in that the technique efficiently separate the direct effect caused by the government policy from the effect explained by the endowment effect such as regional or area characteristics, and residual effect that cannot be identified by the models. The present study concludes with suggesting more quantitative methods need to be developed to evaluate diverse government policy programs, which enables us to discern correct policy effects.

The purpose of this study is to propose the policies for preservation, formation and management of Korean rural landscape. For this, the current rural landscape policies are examined and recent legislative changes are also surveyed. The Landscape Law and the Comprehensive Countermeasures for Rural Landscape Improvement are the most significant changes. The proposed issues are as follows: 1. the establishment of rural landscape planning system, 2. the arrangement of the criteria and guideline for rural landscape planning and design, 3. the re-arrangement of the rural landscape index and landscape map, 4. the survey and management of the rural landscape amenity, 5. the revitalization of the landscape projects for rural area, 6. the pragmatic connection with other law and system(especially the Landscape Law), 7. the education and cultivation of the rural landscape expert groups.