PURPOSES : In this study, a system is investigated and developed to remove fog by injecting air onto a road using high-pressure air generated by turbo blowers installed on both edges of the road without using artificial chemicals. METHODS : A test device was constructed on a scaled road measuring 5 m long. A 225 kW class turbo blower was used to supply air. An air injection nozzle was installed to allow high-pressure air supplied from the turbo blower to be sprayed vertically from the edge of the road and horizontally from the surface of the road. Ten micro humidifiers were used to generate fog. RESULTS : Experimental results show that when ground fog occurs on the road, spraying air only in the vertical direction cannot effectively remove the fog. However, when vertical and horizontal nozzles are used simultaneously, both ground fog and flowing fog are removed effectively. CONCLUSIONS : A system for removing fog by spraying air jet is constructed, and fog is generated using a micro humidifier. Results from the fog removal performance test show that the system effectively removes fog.

Existing reinforced concrete building structures constructed before 1988 have seismically-deficient reinforcing details, which can lead to the premature failure of the columns and beam-column joints. The premature failure was resulted from the inadequate bonding performance between the reinforcing bars and surrounding concrete on the main structural elements. This paper aims to quantify the bond-slip effect on the dynamic responses of reinforced concrete frame models using finite element analyses. The bond-slip behavior was modeled using an one-dimensional slide line model in LS-DYNA. The bond-slip models were varied with the bonding conditions and failure modes, and implemented to the well-validated finite element models. The dynamic responses of the frame models with the several bonding conditions were compared to the validated models reproducing the actual behavior. It verifies that the bond-slip effects significantly affected the dynamic responses of the reinforced concrete building structures.

PURPOSES : In this study, emissions from asphalt mixture production and construction processes are calculated and used to estimate the emission from each asphalt pavement layer. The calculated emissions for the processes are used as fundamental data to estimate the total emission from the entire life cycle of pavement engineering in South Korea. METHODS : A design proposal and the Korean standard, which provide quantitative information for activities, were used to estimate the amount of construction materials and energy consumption. Subsequently, the LCI DB from NAPA and the LCIA DB from EPA were utilized in conjunction with the estimated quantity to assess the effect of the emissions to determine their environmental impact categories. RESULTS : Calculation results show that 5.84 million ton of CO2eq is discharged from production and construction processes, whereas 3.24 million ton of CO2eq is discharged from operation processes in the pavement engineering sector. The total GHG emission, i.e., 9.08 million ton of CO2eq, is approximately 1.25% of the national GHG emission in 2018. The asphalt mixture production process results in the highest GHG emission in the life cycle of asphalt pavements. CONCLUSIONS : An LCI DB that accounts for the industrial characteristics of South Korea must be established to provide more reliable emission data to be used for national GHG reduction plans, including those for the pavement engineering sector.

PURPOSES : To efficiently manage pavements, a systematic pavement management system must be established based on regional characteristics. Suppose that the future conditions of a pavement section can be predicted based on data obtained at present. In this case, a more reasonable road maintenance strategy should be established. Hence, a prediction model of the annual surface distress (SD) change for national highway pavements in Gangwon-do, Korea is developed based on influencing factors. METHODS : To develop the model, pavement performance data and influencing factors were obtained. Exploratory data analysis was performed to analyze the data acquired, and the results show that the data were preprocessed. The variables used for model development were selected via correlation analysis, where variables such as surface distress, international roughness index, daily temperature range, and heat wave days were used. Best subset regression was performed, where the candidate model was selected from all possible subsets based on certain criteria. The final model was selected based on an algorithm developed for rational model selection. The sensitivity of the annual SD change was analyzed based on the variables of the final model. RESULTS : The result of the sensitivity analysis shows that the annual SD change is affected by the variables in the following order: surface distress ˃ heat wave days ˃ daily temperature range ˃ international roughness index. CONCLUSIONS : An annual SD change prediction model is developed by considering the present performance, traffic volume, and climatic conditions. The model can facilitate the establishment of a reasonable road maintenance strategy. The prediction accuracy can be improved by obtaining additional data, such as the construction quality, material properties, and pavement thickness.

홍잠은 숙잠(熟蠶)을 수증기로 익혀서 인간이 섭취할 수 있도록 제조한 다양한 건강 증진 효과가 있는 천연 건강 식품이다. 현재 표준 제조 방법은 수증기로 찐 홍잠을 보관과 판매의 편의를 위하여 급속 냉동하여 동결 건조를 진행하는 것이다. 그런데, 홍잠을 동결 건조하는 과정은 많 은 시간과 비용을 필요로 하여 홍잠 제품 가격의 인상 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 홍잠을 수증기로 찐 후 바로 균질 액으로 제조하여 분무 건조하면 분말 제조 비용을 절감할 수 있음을 발견하였다. 그리고 홍잠 균질 액에 식용 단백질 분해 효소를 첨가하여 분해시킨 후, 단 1회의 분무 건조로 제품을 제조할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 특히 홍잠 균질 액이나 효소 분해 홍잠 균질 액은 바로 액상이나 젤리 형태로 일반 또는 환 자용 특수 의료 용도 식품에 활용이 가능함을 보여주었다. 본 연구에서는 생산비용이 감소된 홍잠의 가공 방법을 제안하며 이는 제품 생성의 단가 를 낮추어 제품의 대중화와 양잠 농가의 연관산업 육성을 불러올 것으로 기대된다.

The physicochemical properties of the emulsions prepared with four different proteins (pea protein isolate, whey protein isolate, soy protein concentrate, and soy protein isolate) were characterized in terms of particle size, rheological property, and freeze-thaw stability, while the feasibility of the protein-stabilized emulsions as a fat replacer was evaluated. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis showed that O/W emulsions were successfully prepared with all the proteins; however, the smallest particle size and excellent syneresis were observed in the WPI-stabilized emulsions. The use of WPI-stabilized emulsions as an alternative for shortening up to 50% level did not lead to differences in the muffin batters’ specific gravity and viscoelastic properties. After baking, the substitution of shortening with the WPI emulsions at up to 50% by weight did not significantly affect the muffins’ specific volume and texture characteristics.

이 논문은 보컬의 변칙리듬의 활용 방법에 대해 연구하였다. 연구목적은 노래가 포함된 곡을 만드는 작곡, 작사, 편곡, 프로듀서, 보컬 등의 뮤지션이 좀 더 다양하고 독창적인 보컬 리듬을 활용할 수 있도록 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 연구방법은 대표적인 퓨전재즈 보컬 알 자로의 앨범과 라이브 공연에서 사용된 변칙적인 리듬의 선율 및 스캣을 분석한 후 그루핑의 구조 관점으로 도 출해 본 음악의 박자와 변형된 박자의 구조를 한 눈에 비교하고 인식 할 수 있도록 하였다. 연구결 과 <Spain>과 <Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing> 그리고 <Step By Step>은 한마디 안에 4분음표가 한 박의 길이를 가진 4분의 4박자 리듬 구조의 곡에서 4분음표와 8분음표의 길이가 합쳐진 그루핑 구조를 사용하였다. <Last Night>는 4분음표와 16분음표 길이가 합쳐진 그루핑 구조를 활용하여 보컬을 제외한 모든 악기가 한마디에 네 박으로 연주하는 리듬에서 변칙적인 그루핑을 적용하여 독특한 노래와 스캣이 만들어졌음을 도출하였다.