환경에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 글로벌 자동차 기업들은 그린 카(Green car)기술 획득을 위한 치열한 경쟁을 하고 있다. 따라서 글로벌 자동차 기업들의 기술 경쟁력을 평가하고 그 동향을 분석하는 것은 중요한 의미가 있다. 그러나 특허성과 평가를 위한 기존의 연구에서는 다양한 특허지표 중 일부만을 활용하였으며, 특히 이들 지표들을 포괄적으로 고려한 종합적인 분석에는 미흡하였다. 이에 본 연구에서는 특허 평가를 위한 요소들에 대한 중요도를 반영하여 전체적인 특허성과를 평가하는 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법에서는 네트워크 분석절차(Analytic Network Process)을 통해 특허지표들에 대한 상대적 중요도를 도출된 후, 이 정보를 활용한 가중치 범위 제한 자료포락분석(Data Envelopment Analysis-Assurance Region, DEA-AR)을 수행한다. 이때, DEA-AR모형의 투입요소로는 기업규모, 연구개발비, 직원 수를, 산출요소로는 특허 수, 특허 피인용수, 특허 청구항수를 고려하였다. 이 방법을 활용하여 글로벌 자동차기업의 기술혁신 효율성을 평가한 결과, 그린 카 시장의 동향과 추세를 파악할 수 있었다.

This study show in the Social Work Field(focus on the welfare facilities) about Literature and Concept Definition on the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency'. And, show a case to study for 'Management' and 'Efficiency' on the 'welfare facilities'. Also, this study try to find on the development of the Social Work Field through the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency'. First, show the new concept on the 'Welfare Management'. Existing 'Welfare' and 'Management' have been using independently of each other in their field. but now, when use the 'Welfare Management' that a new word, define the word 'Welfare Management' and help to another researcher who study on the 'Welfare Management'. Second, show the exemplary case on the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency' in welfare facilities. It arrange for exemplary and typical case in the various study case and basic information offer to the persons who try to study for 'Management' and 'Efficiency' in social work field. third, In the Social Work Fied, I try to find a way to vitalize and development that the study and practice on the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency'. Exisiting 'Management' & 'Economy' treat the terms unprofessionally in the Social Work Field. Social Work Field must cope with quickly and correctly to the current of times like that unlimited competition & development, downfall of the traditional social safety net, economic crisis of a welfare state, etc., in immense framwork of a capitalistic society & a new liberalism. And changing paradigm of social welfare policy. In the end, this study try to find a way for more growth of the Social Work Field trough the 'Welfare Management' and 'Efficiency'. Keywords : Social Work Field(Social Welfare Facilities), Welfare Management, Efficiency

Korean population aging is proceeded the substance rapidly in the speed. Is expected to be aged society which old man population more than 65 years old reaches for 14% of the total population in 2022 because graying is accelerated more after pass over 7% in 2000 and change of sudden structure of population is giving very important influence in national policy establishment such as pension system, medical treatment system, economic growth. In particular, it is important problem that cause balance problem of redistribution that the speed of graying is sour in pension system. In the case of West Europe Nation, old man increase in population increases gently and have foreseen that graying age comes and prepare enough. But, that it is aging in occasion of our country that equip minimum basic appearance call, is facing in difficulty that should prepare to minimize contradictory influence that population aging gets on society whole within short period. It is post old poverty and fitness and real condition that political care and social preparation about support problem are pressing. Change of change serious low birthrate phenomenon and specific gravity that old man population dominates in the total population going in gear misgovernment that is accelerated more be. Welfare Budget is actuality that is reaching in very serious situation to be solved in graying. For old people's welfare service, woman brings important meaning of policy as culture and education and old age that work. Wishes to present prompting competition in cooperation plan etc.. diversified side and is effective more through approach social welfare management access with qualitative improved program development and effective operation plan, a related agency for efficiency of budget and seek efficient operation. And engines that supply old people's welfare grasp what want through improvement of service that is undifferentiated on the basis of these principles and fit service diversify · to service because should specialize necessity be.

본 연구는 BSC의 성공적 구축과 활용에 있어 최근 변화하는 경영환경에 적절하게 대응하고, 기업의 경영활동에서 비재무적 요소가 차지하는 중요성을 감안하여 무형적자원의 대표적 요소인 R&D 지출과 관련하여 BSC의 KPI를 개발하고, 개발된 지표의 효용성을 실증분석을 통해 검정하고자 하였다. 본 연구를 통해 BSC의 KPI로써 개발된 PEI(Patent Efficiency Index)는 R&D 지출과 R&D의 output 개념인 특허와의 상관성을 고려하여 특허의 효율성 측면에서 만들어 졌으며, 기존의 R&D관련 KPI가 가진 문제점을 해결하고, R&D 성과측정에 관한 새로운 KPI개발을 시도 하였다는 점에서 연구적 의의가 있다고 하겠다. 또한 지표의 효용성에 대한 실증분석 결과, 논문의 관심변수인 PEI는 종속변수인 기업경영성과의 대용치로 나타내어진 ROA(총자산이 익률)과 토빈Q에 각각 유의한 양의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며 그동안 기존 연구들에서 많은 관심을 가져왔던 R&D 지출보다 R&D의 성과측정지표로서의 설명력이 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이상 결과를 통해 개발된 PEI는 기존의 R&D 지출이 기업성과에 미치는 영향을 설명하는데 있어 설명하지 못하는 추가적인 설명력을 가진다고 할 수 있다. 나아가 이 지표를 통해 기업이 얼마나 효율적인 R&D 활동을 하고 있는지 알 수 있으며, 이는 기업의 R&D 활동의 효율성이 높을 때 기업의 가치나 성과가 높아진다는 것을 시사한다. 본 연구는 기업의 R&D 지출과 기업경영성과 간의 관련성을 특허와 R&D 지출의 효율적인 측면을 측정한 PEI를 통하여 직접적으로 입증함으로써 기존의 R&D 비용 외에 기업의 기업경영성과를 가늠하고 판단할 수 있는 중요한 지표로 쓰일 수 있다는 것을 규명할 수 있을것으로 기대된다.

스펀지 형태의 담체가 첨가된 침지형 막결합 연속회분식 생물반응기에서 담체가 제거효율과 여과성능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 담체는 반응기 부피 기준으로 각각 5%, 10% 및 20% 첨가하였고, 담체를 첨가하지 않은 반응기를 대조군으로 하였다. COD, T-N 및 T-P에 대한 제거효율은 담체 첨가 유무에 관계없이 큰 차이가 없었다. 그러나 담체를 첨가한 경우, 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비해 조업시간에 따른 막간차압(TMP)은 매우 서서히 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 폭기에 의해 상승하는 담체가 막 표면과 충돌하게 되고, 이때 막 표면에 형성된 케이크 층을 제거시키기 때문이다. 결론적으로 담체가 첨가된 막결합형 연속회분식 생물반응기는 담체가 없는 반응기에 비해 여과성능이 크게 개선되어, 폐수처리에 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

This study is to consider the introduction of the standard practice which test the asbestos stabilizer efficiency for the spray-applied ACBM, because asbestos stabilizer may be one of operation & management (O&M) program to prevent friable asbestos from spray-applied asbestos containing building materials( ACBM) and some countries like U.S and Japan have introduced the evaluation system or standard practice to test the efficiency of asbestos stabilizer which is used for spray-applied ACBM since 2002 and 2006, relatively. Efficiency test of 8 stabilizers which were manufactured from Japan, Australia and Korea was performed by the method of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism of Japan. The contents of test method were consisted adhesive strength, penetration depth, impact resistance and wind affection. The efficiency of impact resistance and wind affection was improved 4.1～37.4% and 75.2～95.7% after asbestos stabilizer applied on the spray-applied ACBM. Although the results of adhesive strength were less than that of non-applied materials but that was satisfied the ASTM standard (2.4kPa).

Recently real-estate investment business is standing out as a new plan for creation of source of income. In this paper, we suggested appropriate real-estate investment strategy through the reconstruct case study of existing one-storied building. That is, we showed the efficient process of decision and propel to reconstruct and the key points for lease business and post management after building completion. Also, we analyzed the rate of return of commercial building investment in order to find its optimum dealing time. Therefore the results of this paper are expected to be a help to old ages and persons laying plans for a similar business.

The current environment of technological and competitive changes influences not only the business R&D environment but also government driven national R&D strategies. Open innovation has now become an important paradigm that is replacing the outdated paradigm of closed innovation. Many companies and nations have been increasing R&D investment because R&D has been considered a driving force for national and corporate competitive advantage. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate and compare the performance of R&D focused on open innovation according to scientific and technological outputs which is based on paper publications, patents and etc. Comparisons should not be only based on the quantity but also on the quality of the output. This paper shows that it is possible to develop DEA models that utilize the Analytical Hierarchical Process in order to transform the qualitative index into a quantitative index. Hence, the relative efficiency for R&D organizations is obtained based on both quantity and quality outputs and subsequently provides comprehensive and realistic methods for decision makers to identify levels of project efficiency.

When monitoring an instrumental process, one often collects a host of data such as characteristic signals sent by a sensor in short time intervals. Characteristic data of short time intervals tend to be autocorrelated. In the instrumental processes often the practice of adjusting the setting value simply based on the previous one, so-called ‘adjacent point operation’, becomes more critical, since in the short run the deviations are harder to detect and in the long run they have amplified consequences. Stochastic modelling using ARIMA or AR models are not readily usable here. Due to the difficulty of dealing with autocorrelated data conventional practice is resorting to choosing the time interval where autocorrelation is weak enough then to using I-MR control chart to judge the process stability. In the autocorrelated instrumental processes it appears that using the Shewhart chart and the time interval data where autocorrelation is relatively not existent turns out to be a rather convenient and very useful practice to determine the process stability. However in the autocorrelated instrumental processes we intend to show that one would presumably do better using the EWMA control chart rather than just using the Shewhart chart along with some arbitrarily intervalled data, since the former is more sensitive to shifts given appropriate weights.

In this study, we have investigated highly efficient nanoscale surface corrugated light emitting diodes (LEDs) for the enhancement of light extraction efficiency (LEE) of nitride semiconductor LEDs. Nanoscale indium tin oxide (ITO) surface corrugations are fabricated by using the conformal nanoimprint technique; it was possible to observe an enhancement of LEE for the ITO surface corrugated LEDs. By incorporating this novel method, we determined that the total output power of the surface corrugated LEDs were enhanced by 45.6% for patterned sapphire substrate LEDs and by 41.9% for flat c-plane substrate LEDs. The enhancement of LEE through nanoscale surface corrugations was studied using 3-dimensional Finite Different Time Domain (FDTD) calculation. From the FDTD calculations, we were able to separate the light extraction from the top and bottom sides of device. This process revealed that light extraction from the top and bottom sides of a device strongly depends on the substrate and the surface corrugation. We found that enhanced LEE could be understood through the mechanism of enhanced light transmission due to refractive index matching and the increase of light scattering from the corrugated surface. LEE calculations for the encapsulated LEDs devices also revealed that low LEE enhancement is expected after encapsulation due to the reduction of the refractive index contrast.

해상에서 위법행위를 한 외국선박의 단속과 관련하여 자국의 형사관할권을 영역 외까지 확대하는 것은 많은 국가의 관심사이다. 국제 해상테러와 해적행위의 단속에 있어 영해 외 해역에서 자국의 형사관할권을 행사하는 문제도 새로이 주목을 받고 있다. 미국과 일본의 경우 국경에서의 혐의자 또는 혐의선박에 대한 수색과 관련하여 일반적인 형사소송법상의 강제처분의 요건과는 다른 완화된 요건을 기초로 하는 수색권을 인정하려 하기도 한다. 이러한 시도는 모두 자국의 영역 외 또는 국경에서 자국의 관할권 행사를 강화하여 자국의 이익을 수호하려는 움직임들이다. 본 논문은 이러한 최근의 변화되고 있는 국제적인 동향에 대한 고찰을 통해 영해 외 해역에서 우리 형사관할권의 영역적 한계와 범위의 확대 문제에 대하여 실체법과 절차법의 측면에서 고찰하고 효율적인 형사관할권 행사 방안에 대해서 논하고 있다. 더불어 최근 입법된 해양경비법의 내용을 해양검문검색과 추적 및 나포에 관한 규정을 중심으로 관련하여 고찰하였다.

Recently real-estate investment business is standing out as a new plan for creation of source of income. In this paper, we suggested appropriate real-estate investment strategy through the reconstruct case study of existing one-storied building. That is, we showed the efficient process of decision and propel to reconstruct and the key points for lease business and post management after building completion. Also, we analyzed the rate of return of commercial building investment in order to find its optimum dealing time. Therefore the results of this paper are expected to be a help to old ages and persons laying plans for a similar business.