목 적: KR-8100P, Nvision K-5001, KR-1W로 측정한 굴절이상도를 자각식 굴절검사와 비교하여 정확 도를 평가하였다. 방 법: 근시성 난시안인 20 ~ 29세 성인 42명(84안, 23.90±2.39세)을 대상으로 내부형 자동굴절계 (KR-8100P), 개방형 자동굴절계(Nvision K-5001), 파면수차계(KR-1W)를 이용하여 굴절이상을 각각 측정 하였고, Power vector를 이용하여 등가구면굴절력을 나타내는 M 성분과 원주굴절력 J0 와 J45 성분으로 변 환하여 분석하였다. 검사기기 측정값의 정확도는 자각식 굴절검사를 기준으로 각각의 기기에서 측정한 값을 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: KR-8100P와 자각식굴절검사의 M, J0, J45 각각의 차이값의 평균은 -0.34±0.42 D, 0.06±0.22 D, -0.08±0.15 D로 모든 성분에서 유의한 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), Nvision K-5001과 자각식굴절검사의 M, J0, J45 차이값은 0.20±0.47 D, -0.03±0.22 D, -0.01±0.16 D로 M 성분에서 차이가 있었고(p<0.05), J0, J45 에서는 차이가 없었다(p=0.17, p=0.68). KR-1W와 자각식굴절검사의 M, J0, J45 차이값은 -0.14±0.39 D, -0.02±0.18 D, -0.02±0.14 D로 M 성분은 차이가 있었고(p<0.05) J0 와 J45 에서는 차 이가 없었다(p=0.43, p=0.05). 각각의 기기로 측정한 M, J0, J45 성분들의 정확성계수는 KR-8100P에서는 0.823, 0.431, 0.294, Nvision K-5001에서는 0.921, 0.431, 0.313, KR-1W에서는 0.764, 0.352, 0.274로 나타났다. 결 론: 자각식 굴절검사를 기준으로 비교한 자동굴절계의 정확도는 KR-1W가 KR-8100P와 Nvision K-5001보다 더 높았고, 검사값의 차이가 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 나타났지만 임상적으로 판단할 때 차이 가 있다고 할 수 없는 정도이기 때문에 자동굴절계는 모두 자각식 굴절검사를 위한 예비검사에 적합하다고 생각된다.

에르고치오네인은 균류, 즉 곰팡이에서만 생합성 되는 물질로서 활성산소 제거, 항산화 또는 항염증, 노화 억 제에 효과가 있으며, 2010년에 미국에서 항노화 크림류 TOP 10에 들면서 미백효과와 주름개선 화장품으로도 인기가 높다. 이러한 버섯의 기능성을 강화하여 소비자가 선호하는 버섯 품종을 개발함으로써 내수증대를 통 해서 새로운 시장을 창출하고자 2010년에 수량이 많은 아위느타리 계통과 버섯 형태형성이 잘되는 계통을 교잡하여 소정의 육성 절차를 거쳐서 2015년에 육성하였는데 육성경위를 보면 2009년 보존중인 아위느타리 41균주에 대한 자실체 특성을 조사하여 8개의 우수균주를 선발하였다. 2010년 우수균주 가운데 수량성 뛰어 난 ASI 2803과 형태형성이 좋은 ASI 2778의 단포자를 분리하여 Di-Mon 교배법으로 교잡하였다. 2011년 20개 의 교잡주 중에서 회백색을 띄며 형태가 좋은 우량계통 9균주를 선발하였다. 2011~2013 3년간 생산력 검정시 험을 거쳐 고품질 우량계통을 선발하여 2014~2015년간 항산화물질 에르고치오네인을 분석하여 수량 및 형태 형성 그리고 에르고치오네인 함량이 높은 GW10-45을 선발하여 그 우수성이 인정되어 2015년 특허 출원하였 다. ‘GW10-45’의 항산화 성분인 에르고치오네인 함량이 기존에 가장 높다고 알려진 노랑느타리에 비해 높아 식용뿐만 아니라 가공용으로도 인기가 있으며, 식의약 소재 등으로 널리 이용가능하리라 판단된다.

The purpose of this study was to determine the health behaviors and nutritional status related to dyslipidemia in Korean middle-aged adults (between 50 and 64 years old) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examinations Survey data (2007~2010). A total of 4,721 subjects were analyzed in this study. The subjects were divided into three groups (normal, borderline, and dyslipidemia) according to serum lipid levels. Parameters included in this study were drinking and smoking, anthropometric parameters, blood and nutritional parameters. The latter parameter included food/nutrients intake. All data was adjusted by sex, region, education level, and age. General linear model and logistic regression model were used for statistical analysis. The dyslipidemia group was comprised of more men than women. By contrast, the borderline group was comprised of more women than men (p<0.001). No significant differences were observed for other general characteristics. There were more smokers and drinkers(drinking per time) in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.05). Anthropometric data showed significant difference, ie, height (p<0.05), weight, body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, and blood pressure were higher in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.001). Only blood urea nitrogen showed no significant difference among groups. The HbA1c (p<0.01), fasting blood glucose, GOT, GPT, creatinine levels were higher in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.001). So it is required for the management of obesity in dyslipidemia group. The dyslipidemia group ate less sea food (p<0.05). The nutrients intake of energy and protein, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, phosphorus were lower in the dyslipidemia group (p<0.05). Therefore, to lower dyslipidemia prevalence rates, it is necessary to increase the intake of foods containing ω-3 fatty acids. We also suggest a meal management program and nutritional education to recognize the risk of dyslipidemia, especially for people such as the individual in the borderline and dyslipidemia study groups. Key words: dyslipidemia, Korean middle-aged adults, nutritional status, health behaviors

The purpose of this study was to discuss how ‘milk’ was produced and supplied introduced and spread in the modern Joseon period. Condensed milk and powdered milk were mainly consumed in Joseon during the Japanese colonial period since they could be conveniently preserved for a long time, although raw milk was also produced and consumed. For areas adjacent to farms, milk delivery service was offered while areas with great consumption received an additional supply from different areas by rail. Since no manufacturing plants were operational in Korea, condensed milk and powdered milk consumed in Joseon had to be imported. In the case of condensed milk, when production in Japan increased, extra supply was aggressively sent into their colony, Joseon. The ‘Gyeongseong Milk Association’ founded in 1937 is considered significant in that it led to standardization of the production system and prices as well as pasteurization of milk. In the late Japanese colonial era, milk production and consumption were controlled. As milk was purchased as a war supply, the milk consumption market became distorted and limited

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique is a key point of producing transgenic animal disease models. During in vitro production of SCNT embryo, the quality of matured oocytes are one of the important factors that regulate embryo developmental capacity. In preliminary test, we confirmed the effect of fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) on porcine oocyte maturation. In this study, we investigated the developmental potential of SCNT embryos treated with the 10 ng/ml FGF10 (10 F) during in vitro maturation of recipient oocytes. The polar body emission rate was significantly higher in the 10 F treated group than control group. After SCNT, although the rate of fusion was no significant difference, the rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation was significantly increased in the 10 F treated group (p<0.05). In 10 F treated group, the total cell number was increased and the percentage of apoptotic cell was decreased in the blastocyst stage at day 7 (p<0.1). The transcription level of apoptosis relative gene, Casp3 was significantly decreased, while anti-apoptosis gene BCL2l1 was increased in the 10 F treated group compared to control group. The 10 F treated group was highly expressed the reprogramming related genes, Sox2 and POU5f1. Also, the first cleaving time was more faster and the percentage of cell block was significantly lower in 10 F treated group than in control group. In this study, we confirmed that 10 ng/ml FGF10 has effect on enhance the oocyte maturation and developmental capacity. These results demonstrate that FGF10 treatment can be used for in vitro development of porcine SCNT embryos and subsequent production of transgenic animal model.

Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) has been reported to act as a tumor metastasis suppressor via its receptor, G protein-coupled receptor 54 (GRP54). The KP-10/GPR54/BMPs signaling pathway plays an important role in embryonic kidney development. However, its function in osteoblast differentiation is unknown. The aim of this study was to confirm the molecular mechanism for the action of KP-10 on osteoblast differentiation. Expression of the Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and osteogenic genes were determined by RT-PCR and real-time PCR analysis in C3H10T1/2 cells. Transient transfection assays were performed to confirm the effects of KP-10 on BMP2-Luc activity. BMP2 and phospho-Smad1/5/9 protein levels were determined by Western blot analysis. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining experiment was performed to evaluate ALP activity. To further confirm the effect of KP-10-induced GPR54, we used GPR54 Knock out (KO) C3H10T1/2 cells. KP-10 significantly increased osteogenic gene such as Runx2, ALP and Dlx5 in C3H10T1/2 cells. The ALP staining levels were also increased by KP-10. Interestingly, BMP2 mRNA, protein expression and promoter activity were also increased by KP-10. However, KP-10-induced BMP2 expressions were not increased in GPR54 KO cells. These results suggest that KP-10 increases BMP2 expression through GPR54. Next, Western blot analysis shown Smad1/5/9 phosphorylation were enhanced in a time-dependent manner by KP-10 treatment. It is well known that BMP2 increased phosphorylation of Smad1/5/9 via BMP2 receptor. In addition, KP-10 increased NFATc4 mRNA levels and NFATc4 overexpression enhance BMP2 mRNA levels. To confirm the KP-10-induced BMP2 action, we used KP-10-treated medium in wild type cells and GPR54 KO cells. The osteogenic genes were not elevated by KP-10-treated medium (GPR54 KO cells) whereas increased expression levels by KP-10 medium (wild type cells). These data indicate that KP-10 induced osteoblast differentiation through NFATc4-mediated BMP2 signaling.

S100As are calcium-binding proteins with two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. In several studies, S100A proteins are described to play important roles in pro-inflammatory responses including damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling and in the establishment of pregnancy. However, the role of S100As have not been determined in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle in pigs. Thus, this study was performed to investigate expression and regulation of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 in the uterine endometrial tissues during the estrous cycle in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 mRNAs were expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle with higher levels on days 15 and 18 of the estrous cycle than other days of cycle. To investigate the effects of steroid hormones, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), on expression of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 mRNAs, endometrial tissue explants from immature pigs were treated with steroid hormones. Levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 were increased by the treatment of P4, and the increased levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 by P4 were not inhibited by the treatment of progesterone receptor antagonist, RU486. However, levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 were decreased by treatment of MEK inhibitor, U0126. These results exhibited that S100As were expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle in a cyclic stage-specific manner, and their expression was affected by P4. These suggest that S100As may play an important role in endometrial function during the proestrous period of the estrous cycle in pigs. [Supported by the Next Generation Biogreen 21 program (#PJ01119103), Rural Development Administration, and by Korea Research Foundation (#2015R1D1A1A01058356)]

This study is to develop an export 1050MPa-class lightweight ductile iron castings Austempered control arm through the research process to obtain the following results. First, the structure of the optimal design Layout design and development of the component, and then achieve them through the Control Arm rigidity and optimal structure design and robust design of the focus areas of the expected stress Control Arm. Second, to develop a Control Arm reflects the high rigidity and high performance lightweight structures. Control Arm them developed to meet the design and rigidity as required by the consumer through the hollow, and to develop a process for the Core. Third, through optimum alloy composition and heat treatment methods will be derived to derive the amount of iron alloy (Cu, Ni, Mo) and Austempered heat treated and tempered condition. Fourth, through the development of optimum molding technology development component to develop the optimum ADI for the low-stiffness, high-rigidity component development, it attempts to develop a high-strength casting forming technology.

Cytokines may play an important role in the acute rejection (AR) of solid organ transplantation. Many studies have investigated the association between interleukin-10 gene (IL-10) polymorphisms and risk of AR. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) and AR risk after solid organ transplantation in Caucasian population. A comprehensive electronic search of PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Korean databases was performed. Meta-analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software (Biostat, NJ,USA). We assessed the pooled p-value, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) to measure the association between the risk of AR and IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A). The OR and 95% CI were used to evaluate the strength of the association. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Fourteen case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. In overall analysis, we observed that IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) was associated with the AR in liver transplantation (G allele vs. A allele, OR = 1.436, 95% CI = 1.006-2.050, p = 0.046 in fixed model). However, IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) did not show any significant association with solid organ transplantation and renal transplantation (p>0.05 in each model, respectively). Our meta-analysis suggests that IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) may be related to susceptibility of AR in liver transplantation recipients.