S100As are calcium-binding proteins with two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. In several studies, S100A proteins are described to play important roles in pro-inflammatory responses including damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling and in the establishment of pregnancy. However, the role of S100As have not been determined in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle in pigs. Thus, this study was performed to investigate expression and regulation of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 in the uterine endometrial tissues during the estrous cycle in pigs. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 mRNAs were expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle with higher levels on days 15 and 18 of the estrous cycle than other days of cycle. To investigate the effects of steroid hormones, estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), on expression of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 mRNAs, endometrial tissue explants from immature pigs were treated with steroid hormones. Levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 were increased by the treatment of P4, and the increased levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 by P4 were not inhibited by the treatment of progesterone receptor antagonist, RU486. However, levels of S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 were decreased by treatment of MEK inhibitor, U0126. These results exhibited that S100As were expressed in the uterine endometrium during the estrous cycle in a cyclic stage-specific manner, and their expression was affected by P4. These suggest that S100As may play an important role in endometrial function during the proestrous period of the estrous cycle in pigs. [Supported by the Next Generation Biogreen 21 program (#PJ01119103), Rural Development Administration, and by Korea Research Foundation (#2015R1D1A1A01058356)]

This study is to develop an export 1050MPa-class lightweight ductile iron castings Austempered control arm through the research process to obtain the following results. First, the structure of the optimal design Layout design and development of the component, and then achieve them through the Control Arm rigidity and optimal structure design and robust design of the focus areas of the expected stress Control Arm. Second, to develop a Control Arm reflects the high rigidity and high performance lightweight structures. Control Arm them developed to meet the design and rigidity as required by the consumer through the hollow, and to develop a process for the Core. Third, through optimum alloy composition and heat treatment methods will be derived to derive the amount of iron alloy (Cu, Ni, Mo) and Austempered heat treated and tempered condition. Fourth, through the development of optimum molding technology development component to develop the optimum ADI for the low-stiffness, high-rigidity component development, it attempts to develop a high-strength casting forming technology.

Cytokines may play an important role in the acute rejection (AR) of solid organ transplantation. Many studies have investigated the association between interleukin-10 gene (IL-10) polymorphisms and risk of AR. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) and AR risk after solid organ transplantation in Caucasian population. A comprehensive electronic search of PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Korean databases was performed. Meta-analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software (Biostat, NJ,USA). We assessed the pooled p-value, odds ratio (OR), and 95% confidence interval (CI) to measure the association between the risk of AR and IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A). The OR and 95% CI were used to evaluate the strength of the association. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Fourteen case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis. In overall analysis, we observed that IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) was associated with the AR in liver transplantation (G allele vs. A allele, OR = 1.436, 95% CI = 1.006-2.050, p = 0.046 in fixed model). However, IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) did not show any significant association with solid organ transplantation and renal transplantation (p>0.05 in each model, respectively). Our meta-analysis suggests that IL-10 polymorphism (-1082, G/A) may be related to susceptibility of AR in liver transplantation recipients.

이 연구에서는 2014년 6월 10일 일산에서 발생한 용오름에 대해 구름분해모델(CReSS)를 활용하여 재현실험을 수행하고 발생 메커니즘을 분석하였다. 종관적으로는 대기 상층의 한랭하고 건조한 공기가 남하하였으며, 대기 하층에서는 온난하고 습윤한 공기의 이류가 있었다. 이로 인해 대기 상 하층 기온의 큰 차이가 발생하면서 강한 대기 불안정을 야기 시켰다. 19시 20분에 일산 지역에서 스톰이 발달하기 시작하여 10분 만에 최성기에 도달하였다. 재현 실험 결과 이 때 발달한 스톰의 높이는 9 km이었으며, 스톰 후면으로 갈고리 에코(hook echo)가 나타났다. 일산 주변으로 발달 한 스톰 내부에서는 활강 기류가 발생하는 것으로 모의 되었다. 모의된 하강기류가 지면에서 발산되어 수평 흐름으로 변하게 되었고, 이 흐름은 스톰의 후면에서 상승류로 전환 되었다. 이 때 후면에서 강한 하강기류가 발생하였는데 이 하강류가 전환된 상승류를 지면까지 끌어내려 지면에서 소용돌이도가 발달하게 되었다. 그 이후 이 소용돌이도가 연직으로 신장되면서 용오름이 모의되었다. 모의된 용오름에서 발달한 저기압성 소용돌이도는 360 m 고도에서 3×10−2 s−1이 었으며, 용오름의 직경은 900 m 고도에서 1 km로 추정되었다.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nutrient intake, diversity and prevalence of diseases according to noodle consumption using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) of 2010. Korean adults (>20) were classified into two groups, noodle group (NG) and non-noodle group (NNG). NG was found to have higher intakes of protein, calcium, iron, sodium, potassium, and niacin. The DVS and DDS according to noodle consumption were found to be 21.76 and 3.51 for NG, and 18.56 and 3.40 for NNG, this result was thought to show that the diet of NG was more satisfactory than that of NNG in terms of dietary diversity. In the bone mass of entire subjects, NG showed higher figures in the femoral neck and lumbar spine than NNG. For bone mineral density, NG exhibited higher figures in the femoral neck, and for T-scores, the values of NG was significantly higher in the femoral neck than those of NNG. However, the prevalence of osteoporosis of NG and NNG was 11.6% and 9.5%. The prevalence of osteopenia of NG and NNG was 43.0% and 51.7%. Thus, these results showed that overall bone health of NG was better than that of NNG. Dietary balance and quality were also more satisfactory in NG. These results showed that noodle consumption may have an impact on the prevalence of chronic diseases.

고추를 비롯한 채소작물에 심각한 피해를 야기하는 흰비단병의 생물학적 방제제를 개발하기 위하여 시설재배 토양에서 분리한 세균 중에서 흰비단병균인 Sclerotium rolfsii의 균사생장을 강하게 억제하는 균주를 선발하였다. 선발된 균주는 형태적, 생리적 분석과 16S rRNA 분석결과를 바탕으로 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens로 동정하였고 최종 선발균주를 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KBC1009로 명명하였 다. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KBC1009의 배양특성을 조사한 결과 배양온도 30℃, pH 7의 조건에서 72시간동안 배양했을 때 배양 효율이 가장 우수하였으며, 배양에 적정한 영양원은 탄소원 glucose, 질 소원 yeast extract를 사용했을 때 가장 높은 균수를 나타내었다. 포장에서 고추 흰비단병에 대한 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens KBC1009의 방제효과를 검정하기 위해 흰비단병원균을 토양에 접종하고 B. amyloliquefaciens KBC1009 배양액(5×108 cfu/ml)을 500배로 희석하여 10일 간격으로 3회 관주 처리한 결과 무처리대비 66.7%의 방제효과를 나타내었다.

A cold roll-bonding process was applied to fabricate an AA1050/AA6061/AA1050 laminate complex sheet. Two AA1050 and one AA6061 sheets of 2 mm thickness, 40 mm width and 300 mm length were stacked up after surface treatment that included degreasing and wire brushing; material was then reduced to a thickness of 3 mm by one-pass cold rolling. The laminate sheet bonded by the rolling was further reduced to 1.2 mm in thickness by conventional rolling. The rolling was performed at ambient temperature without lubricant using a 2-high mill with a roll diameter of 210 mm. The rolling speed was 5.0 m/sec. The AA1050/AA6061/AA1050 laminate complex sheet fabricated by roll bonding was then hardened by natural aging T4) and artificial aging (T6) treatments. The microstructures of the as-roll bonded and the age hardened Al complex sheets were revealed by optical microscope observation; the mechanical properties were investigated by tensile testing and hardness testing. The strength of the as-roll bonded complex sheet was found to increase by 2.9 times compared to that value of the starting material. In addition, the hardness of the complex sheets increased with cold rolling for AA1050 and age-hardening treatment for AA6061, respectively. After heat treatment, both AA1050 and AA6061 showed typical recrystallization structures in which the grains were equiaxed; however, the grain size was smaller in AA6061 than in AA1050.

Ganoderma lucidum, a species of the class Basidiomycetes, attracts international attention due to the wide variety of its biological activities and great potential as cosmetic ingredient, such as skin care cosmetics including ‘skin-whitening’. However, there is little information available regarding the tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to investigate the chemical composition and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the G. lucidum. To isolate active single compound from G. lucidum (GASC), we conducted ethanol extraction and chloroform fractionation. In addition, we assayed the inhibitoty effect of tyrosinase activity and melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. In the present study, we identified a GASC, which exhibited inhibitory effects of cellular tyrosinase activity, the protein expression of cellular tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1, 2. In additional, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), as known as crucial regulator of melanogenesis-related genes, was down-regulated by treatment with GASC in a concentration-dependent manner. GASC exhibited significant inhibition of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10. The finding that melanogenesis inhibitory effect of GASC will contribute to facilitate various approaches of this mushroom for use in skin whitening products.

Mammals have 3 pairs of major salivary glands i.e., the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. Saliva secretion of these glands is modulated by taste perception. Salivary glands are composed mainly of acinar and ductal cells. Primary saliva is secreted by acinar cells and modified during ductal flow. Recently, of the murine 35 bitter taste receptors, Tas2r108 was expressed at highest levels in the submandibular gland by qPCR. Further, Tas2r108-transfected cells respond to a range of bitter compounds, such as denatonium, quinine, colchicine, diphenidol, caffeine and dapson. The objective of the present study was to characterize the expression of Tas2r108 mRNA in acinar and/or ductal cells of the submandibular gland using in situ hybridization (ISH). Male 42-60 days old DBA2 mice were used in the study. Messenger RNAs were extracted from the submandibular gland for generating digoxigenin (DIG) labeled-cRNA probes. These probes were transcribed in anti-sense and sense orientation using T7 RNA polymerase. Dot blot hybridization was performed using DIG labeled-cRNA probes, in order to estimate integrity and optimal diluting concentration of these probes. Subsequently, ISH was performed on murine submandibular gland to detect Tas2r108 mRNA. Dot blot hybridization data demonstrated that Tas2r108 DIG labeled-cRNA anti-sense probes specifically detected Tas2r108 cDNA. ISH results showed that the anti-sense probes labeled acinar and ductal cells in the submandibular gland, whereas no staining was visible in sense controls. Interestingly, the Tas2r108 expression levels were higher in acinar than ductal cells. These results suggested that Tas2r108 might be more associated with primary saliva secretion than with ductal modification of saliva composition.

박층 아스팔트 포장공법 적용을 위해 10 ㎜ 밀입도 아스팔트 혼합물의 골재 입도 기준을 제시하고자 하 였다. 골재 입도는 강성, 안정도, 내구성 등 물성뿐 아니라 피로, 마찰, 수분 저항성 등을 포함한 아스팔 트 혼합물의 거의 모든 특성에 영향을 미친다. 기존에 사용하는 밀입도 아스팔트 혼합물 골재 입도의 경 우 Fuller와 Thompson이 제안한 퓰러 모델(Fullerʼs Model)에 기반을 두고 있다. 본 연구에서 적용코자 하는 박층 밀입도 아스팔트 포장의 경우 포장두께가 얇아짐에 따라 균열에 취약해질 수 있으므로 아스팔 트 혼합물 품질에 각별한 주의가 필요하다. 국내 아스팔트 혼합물은 가열 아스팔트 혼합물 기준(SPS-KAI0002-F2349)을 적용하며 13 ㎜와 20 ㎜ 밀입도 아스팔트 혼합물에 대한 기준은 있으나 박층 포장용 10 ㎜ 밀입도 기준은 포함되어 있지 않다. 퓰 러 모델을 이용하여 10 ㎜ 밀입도 아스팔트 혼합물의 골재 입도 산정시 최대밀도선과 근접한 입도곡선을 보였다. 최대밀도선과 근접한 밀입도 아스팔트 혼합물의 경우 골재 최대크기가 작고 좁은 구간에 분포되 어 연약한 혼합물이 되는 경향을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 골재 다짐시험을 통ㅎ나 골재 입형 및 입도 특성에 기반한 10 ㎜ 밀입도 아스팔트 혼합물 합성입도를 제시하였다. 제시입도와 최대밀도선 입도에 의 해 제작된 혼합물 비교결과 제시 입도로 제작한 혼합물이 최대밀도선 입도 혼합물 대비 간접인장강도는 약 11%, 터프니스는 약 15% 향상되어 혼합물 안정성 확보에도 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다.

The initial production scale of wind tower is very few. But recently, the production scale of wind tower structure has increased gradually because it maximizes the efficiency in green energy. Many researchers are studying the wind tower, but there is no study about the difference of allowable buckling stress of the wind tower with and without opening. Guideline of codes and standards are very limited when designing a wind tower with an opening. It is also rarely that a study considers the design of the wind tower to be a tubular shell with or without an opening. ABAQUS, a general purpose finite element program, which provides safety evaluation and economical standards for the design and behavior of the wind tower considering the effect of opening was used in the study. Finally, results from this study can serve as reference for structural engineers, manufacturers and further studies of wind turbine when designing a tubular shell wind tower with an opening.

복숭아순나방은 사과, 배 등 핵과류 과실의 심식류로서 일차해충이다. 따라서 살포 농약과 접촉을 피할 수 있어 화학적 방제에 어려움을 주고 있다. 성페로몬을 이용한 교미교란 기술이 개발되어 방제 가능성을 제시하였다. 그러나 효과적 교미교란제 처리는 광범위한 지역에 비교적 다량의 성페로몬이 투여되기에 이에 따른 막대한 방제 비용은 이 기술의 제약점이다. 이를 해결하기 위한 방향으로 효모를 이용한 성페로몬 생합성 기술이 대안책으로 대두되었다. 본 연구는 이를 위해 복숭아순나방의 성페로몬 생합성에 특이적 △10 desaturase의 유전자 특성을 규명하는 데 목표를 두었다. 성페로몬샘 의 전사체 분석은 최소한 3 종류의 후보 △10 desaturase 유전자를 찾아냈다. 이 가운데 Gm_comp1575 전사체의 유전자 구조를 밝혔다. 추정된 전체 아미노산 길이는 371 개로서 다른 desaturase와 유사한 길이를 나타냈고, 복숭아순나방 성페로몬에 서 발현되었다. 현재 이 유전자의 기능 분석이 이뤄지고 있다.

PURPOSES: The objective of this study was to determine the optimum ratio of mix design, for a reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content of 100%, for spray injection application. METHODS: A literature review revealed that spray injection is an efficient and cost-effective application for fixing small defective regions of an asphalt pavement. Rapid-setting polymer-modified asphalt mixtures prepared from two types of rapid-setting polymer asphalt emulsion were subjected to Marshall stability and wet track abrasion tests, in order to identify the optimum mix designs. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS : Different mix designs of type A and type B emulsions were prepared using RAP and virgin aggregates, in order to compare the performance and determine the optimum mix design. The performance of mixtures prepared with RAP was superior to that of mixtures containing virgin aggregates. Moreover, for optimum ratio of the design, the binder content prepared from RAP was set to 1~2% lower than that consisting of virgin aggregates. Compared to their Type A counterparts, type B mixtures consisting of a reactive emulsion performed better in the Marshall stability and wet track abrasion tests. The initial results confirmed the advantages associated with using RAP for spray injection applications. Further studies will be performed to verify the difference in the optimum mix design and performance obtained in the lab-scale test and tests conducted at the job site by using the spray injection machine.

A roll-bonding process was applied to fabricate an AA1050/AZ91/AA1050 laminate complex sheet. Two AA1050 and one AZ91 magnesium sheets of 2 mm thickness, 30 mm width and 200 mm length were stacked up after surface treatment that included degreasing and wire brushing; material was then reduced to a thickness of 3 mm by one-pass cold rolling. The laminate sheet bonded by the rolling was further reduced to 2 mm in thickness by conventional rolling. The rolling was performed at 623K without lubricant using a 2-high mill with a roll diameter of 210 mm. The rolling speed was 15.9 m/min. The AA1050/AZ91/AA1050 laminate complex sheet fabricated by roll bonding was then annealed at 373~573K for 0.5h. The microstructure of the complex sheets was revealed by electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) measurement; the mechanical properties were investigated by tensile testing and hardness testing. The strength of the complex sheet was found to increase by 11 % and the tensile elongation decreased by 7%, compared to those values of the starting material. In addition, the hardness of the AZ91 Mg region was slightly higher than those of the AA1050 regions. Both AA1050 and AZ91 showed a typical deformation structure in which the grains were elongated in the