Self-sufficiency rate of food in South Korea is almost at the lowest level among OECD countries, and the decrease tend of farmland is expected to be continued. In this situation, Korea experienced a rapid change in the international price of grain due to changes in amount of grain production and food weaponization. It also started to reinforce the appropriateness of maintenance of farmland above certain standard. As one of policy means for this situation, this study selected "the use of idle farmland" as a subject, and started to consider the way to suggest the policy projects using idle farmland. The result of this study is summarized as follows. Firstly, this study defined the meaning of idle farmland, and set up the scope of idle farmland needed to this study. Secondly, this study analyzed the domestic major policy projects with prevention function of idle farmland as well as the policy projects related to idle farmland. It also investigated "recycling measures of idle farmland" that is recently promoted in Japan, and deducted the direction for developing a new model. Lastly, It suggested 9 policy project models that are finally able to use idle farmland. Suggested models are designed to access from various directions. This study suggested contents, entity, target and characteristics of projects in order to set up proper directions in promoting policy projects using idle farmland.

Purpose - Considering the importance of education as the base for countries’ development, the results of various studies show that accounting education is not reconciled to business environment changes with huge defects in methods of education and knowledge transition. Research design, data, and methodology – By reviewing current research and considering the effect of 12 factors, the study traces and detects why accounting education is far from the business environment from viewpoints of academic and practitioner bodies. After testing for validity and reliability, 225 questionnaires were administrated among representatives of three groups. Results - Respondents were not satisfied with lack of specification of various scientific areas of accounting, that less attention is paid to accounting software education, and about the rarity of workshops for performing accounting skills and discordance between accounting education and standard rules. Conclusion - These findings agreed with Albrecht and Sack (2001) who stated that the current style of accounting education is very cluttered and incomplete and needs major adjustments: subjects of accounting education must be based on the grounds of work needs not on willing academics.

Purpose - This paper objectively analyzes the effects of globalization on Zimbabwe’s business and economic development using the Business in Context (BIC) model. Research design, data, and methodology - We employed a qualitative research methodology, following an exploratory secondary research design in this paper. Results - The findings reveal that businesses in Zimbabwe have benefited from globalization as it has drawn investments from international companies in the country. In addition, the business sector is benefiting from the economies of scale realized from the investments made by companies in Africa, East Asia, Europe, and America. However, we also discover that globalization has resulted in the proliferation of cheap sub-standard goods and services from East Asia, and has increased competition between indigenous companies and foreign-owned multinationals. Conclusion - Our findings suggest that globalization has both positive and negative effects on business and economic development in Africa in general, and Zimbabwe in particular. However, we note that the advantages, to a certain extent, outweigh the disadvantages. What, then, could be the way forward for Zimbabwe, in the face of globalization? As a solution, this paper recommends the development of a policy on global associations by the Zimbabwean government, to enhance business and economic development.

Purpose - The study investigates the obstacles faced by small business owners (SBOs) in accessing finance in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The study aims to identify the causes of inaccessibility to finance for SBOs, investigate the role of government agencies in supporting SBOs, assess the extent to which banks support SMMEs, and suggest solutions to ease the challenge of inaccessibility of finance. Research design, data, methodology -We used a triangulation research design, wherein SMME owners and managers in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality were the target population. We used simple random sampling techniques to select respondents, and conducted in-depth interviews to collect qualitative data. Results - We analyzed quantitative data using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and factor analysis. The qualitative data was analyzed using content analysis. The study identifies and discusses the obstacles in accessing finance; the main among which are the lack of collateral security, poor business plans, lack of knowledge, and lack of financial deposit. Conclusions -We urge the banks, government, and government agencies to support the SMME sector, for it remains the economic engine of many African countries and helps in reducing the impact of socio-economic challenges, like unemployment and poverty.

A mass balance of process was calculated by using the analysis of basic unit and environmental assessment of all the processes of Busan fashion color industry cooperative that operates a combined heat and power plant and a bio treatment plant. The mass balance for the combined heat and power plant was done, based on boiler and water treatment processes while each unit reactor was used for the bio treatment plant. From the results above, a resource recycle network, a treatment flowchart for food waste water/wastewater treatment and a carbon reduction program were established.

In this paper, an environmental assessment was carried out on the whole process of industrial business activities to establish a basic plan for climate change mitigation and energy independency. The whole process was divided into each discharge process in terms of water, air, solid waste, green house gases and refractory organic compounds. The flowcharts and basic unit of process were analysed for three years (2008-2010), being utilized as basic information for the life cycle assessment. It was found that the unit loading for the whole process significantly depends on changes in the operation rate change and highly concentrated wastewater inflow. About 35% of solid waste production was reduced by improving the incineration method with co-combustion in coal boiler, generating about 57% of electricity used for the whole process, and consequently reducing the energy costs. As the eco-efficiency index was found to be more than 1, compared to the previous years, it can be said that improvement in general has taken place.

Purpose - The study investigated the obstacles to accessing finance by small business operators in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The objectives of the study were to identify the causes of inaccessibility to finance by small business operators, to investigate the role of government agencies in supporting small business operators, to assess the extent to which banks support SMMEs and to suggest solutions to ease the challenge of inaccessibility of finance by small business operators. Research design, data, methodology – Triangulation research design was used in this study. SMME owners and managers in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality were the target population. Simple random sampling technique was used to select respondents. In-depth interviews were conducted to collect qualitative data. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and factor analysis. Qualitative data was analysed using content analysis. Results - Obstacles to accessing finance were identified and discussed. Lack of collateral security, poor business plans, lack of knowledge and lack of financial deposit are some of the main factors identified. Conclusions - The banks, government and government agencies are urged to support the SMME sector for it remains the economic engine of many African countries. This sector also helps in reducing the impact of socio-economic challenges like unemployment and poverty.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the business performance determinants of private consulting firms supporting bottom-up local development projects in rural areas. Under the shortage of well-trained rural development professionals, Private consulting firms support rural development projects driven by the residents. Considering the important role for consulting firms to play in the success in rural development projects, it becomes necessary to review the circumstances of consulting market on rural development projects. This study targeted 80 companies that are listed in the book rural development consulting firms. Analysis showed that factors influencing the business performance are not professional competencies but other external factors. The implications based on the above results need to be considered for policy-making to ensure that consulting company selection must be guaranteed of the consulting firms'capability by detailed fields of consulting firms' capability, and the training system for rural development experts must be formed.

In the last several years, South Korea's shipbuilders have been dominating global shipbuilding. Thus, many global suppliers in the shipbuilding industry, especially German supply companies, are eager to get the Korean major shipbuilders as their customer. This study analyzed the different ways of business behaviours of German and Korean businessmen regarding customer-supplier relations. Furthermore, this paper aims to examine the kinds of challenges the international businessmen are confronted with and how this affects everyday business between German suppliers and Korean customers, using several case examples. Finally, backgrounds of cross-cultural problems and conflicts of German-Korean business relations are identified and explained.

Purpose - This research examined the relationship between business orientation and business goals and satisfaction of Korean-American business owners. Research design/data/methodology - Entrepreneurial Orientation (EO) and Small Business Orientation (SBO) were the theoretical constructs underlying this research. The responses from 200 Korean-American business owners who participated in the 2005 National Minority Business Owner Surveys were used for data analysis. Results - Noneconomic business goal was positively related to business owners’ SBO tendency, and those with a SBO tendency had the higher business satisfaction than those with EO. Conclusions - The findings suggest that policy makers should develop business assistance programs that correspond with owners’ business orientation.

In the Korean Criminal Act Article 355 ②, it is provided that a person who, administering another’s business, obtains pecuniary advantage or causes a third person to do so from another in violation of ones duty, thereby causing loss to such person, shall be punished by penal servitude for not more than five years or by a fine not exceeding fifteen million Won. On the one hand, in Article 357 ①, it is specified that a person who, administering another’s business, receives property or obtains pecuniary advantage from a third person in response to an illegal solicitation concerning his duty, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than five years or by a fine not exceeding ten million won. Two crimes have one thing in common with reference to principal agent of each crime. But the content and range of “another’s business” in Article 355② is one thing, the “another’s business” in Article 357① is quite another. The reason is as follows. (1) while the former is property crimes, the latter is a kind of bribery crimes, (2) The crime of Article 355 ② is required a particular relevance with the contents among crime constitutions such as the protecting benefit, act, result. Thus, the content and range of “another’s business” in Article 355② must be a business appertaining to the property. But, as regards an interpretation of the “another’s business” in Article 357 ①, there is no necessity for restricting that content to a business appertaining to the property, because it doesn’t exist a particular relevance with the contents among crime constitutions in Article 357 ①.

본 논문에서는 초고층 건축물의 위험성 평가를 위하여 업무연속성계획(Business Continuity Planning)을 통해 초고층 건축물의 자연재난, 인적재난, 사회적재난 등의 재난시 업무연속성 확보를 평가하였다. 이를 위해 건축설계자와 소방공무원을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 주요 위험요인과 의식 등을 도출하였다. 또한 Risk Assessment를 통해 Risk 요인 분석, 취약성 분석, Risk 규명 및 척도를 통해 평가하고 상위 Risk를 선정하였다. 그리고 상위 Risk를 토대로 취약한 안전대책의 방안을 모색하고 그 방법론을 제시하였다.

부산의 해운비즈니스 산업은 항만물류 중심으로 영세하며, 지역적으로 분산되어 산업시너지를 창출해 내고 있지 못한 실정이다. 부산의 해운비즈니스 산업을 집적화하고 고부가가치 해운서비스 산업을 부산에 유치하기 위한 해운비즈니스 클러스터 집적화 단지의 조성 필요성에 따라 본 연구는 집적화 단지의 조성방안을 제시하고자 하였다. 부산 및 수도권의 해운비지니스업체를 대상으로 집적화 단지의 수요를 조사하여 부산신항 중심의 명지지역에 부산 지역의 산업체와 행정기관 및 교육연구기관의 이전 집적화와 국내외 산업체 및 관련기관을 유치하는 집적화 조성 전략을 제시하고 집적화 단지의 경제적 기대효과를 산정하였다.

오늘날처럼 경쟁이 치열한 글로벌 해운시장 환경에 대한 외항선사의 대응능력은 기업성장과 물동량 창출에 매우 중요하다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구는 우리나라 외항선사이 직면하고 있는 해운환경의 특성을 규명하고 이러한 환경 대응능력과 전략실행프로세스 및 경영성과와의 관계를 규명하여 외항선사의 경쟁력을 결정하게 되는 핵심요인이 환경대응력에 의해서만 결정되는 것이 아니고, 전략실행을 위한 내부프로세스와의 상호작용에 의해서도 달라진다는 것을 실증적으로 제시하였다. 이는 외항선사의 환경대응과 전략실행 및 경영성과의 관계를 종합적으로 검증한 것으로 해운환경변화에의 대응능력 향상과 적절한 전략수행의 유인을 통해 외항선사의 경쟁력 강화에 공헌할 수 있다는 데에 연구의 가치가 있다고 본다.

Though the article 314(Interference with Business) of Korean Criminal Code requires the result of interference with the business of another in constitution of that crime, those who give rise to a danger of the result are being judged guilty of it in judicial trials. To prohibit the excessive application overpunishment by the judiciary authorities, this article suggests some points. First, the means of interference with Business, that is fraudulent means or the threat of force, are so vague that it might infringe on the liberty of speech and press, and of meeting and assembly. So they should be interpreted within a narrow boundary or restricted to similar degree to violence or intimidation. Second, the article 314 should be only applied to the cases in which the result of interference with the business of another are practically occurred. Because the attempt to commit that crime shall not be punished, the interference with the business could not be punished for that crime so long as it put an end to causing that result.

본 논문은 21세기 지식기반 경제의 가치 창출 원천이 새로운 아이디어와 창의성의 주체인 인적자본에 있음을 근거로 국내 온라인게임 기업 인적자본 운영의 효율성을 연구해보았다. 온라인게임 산업은 최근 국가 신성장 동력으로 주목 받고 있는 문화콘텐츠 서비스업의 하나로, 세계 최고의 기술과 콘텐츠를 기반으로 하여 높은 연평균 성장률과 수출 공헌도를 보이고 있는 산업이다. 이런 맥락에서 본 논문은 인적자본이론, 지식경제이론, 경제성장이론에 기초하여 온라인게임 산업에서 인적자본이 지속적인 성장을 견인할 수 있음을 이론적으로 규명하였다. 또한 대표적인 비모수적 분석모형인 자료 포락 분석(DEA)을 통하여 국내 온라인게임 기업의 인적자원 운영 규모, 투자, 교육, 보상의 투입 효율성을 기업의 산출이라고 할 수 있는 매출을 기준으로 실증 분석 하였다. 이 연구를 통해 국내 온라인게임 기업들에게 미래의 지속 가능한 성장 동력인 인적자본을 운영함에 있어 최적의 효율성을 달성할 수 있도록 전략적 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다

이 논문은 한국 게임법제의 변천과정을 분석하려는 목적으로 작성되었다. 이 논문에서 논의 되고 있는 유기장업 관리체제는 1973년 유기장법 시행규칙에서 시작하여 1999년에 까지 이르는 시기로 현행 게임법제의 태동기에 해당한다. 이 시기의 법적 규율은 유기장법, 유기장업법, 공중위생법을 거치면서 이루어졌다. 유기장업은 현행 법제의 체육시설업, 유원시설업, 게임제공업으로 분화되었는데, 유기장업 관리체제의 핵심은 현행 게임법제의 게임제공업이 이어받았다. 따라서 유기장업 관리체제 시기는 현행 게임법제의 근간이 형성된 시기라고 할 수 있다. 유기장업 관리체제의 두 핵심요소인 유기기구와 사행성의 분리 문제와 영업장소 규제의 문제는 현행 게임법제에서도 여전히 중요한 문제이다.

전국의 수상레저사업자를 대상으로 한 현재 사업현황과 수상레저안전법의 개정에 따른 관련규제에 대한 의식실태 설문조사를 통계 처리한 분석결과를 요약하면, 조종면허를 취득하거나 갱신할 때 일정시간의 안전교육을 받는 것에 대해 필요하다고 생각하는 사업자는 전체의 63.5%로 나타나 안전교육에 대해 대체로 찬성하였으며, 개인소유의 동력수상레저기구에 대한 등록제도 도입이 필요하다고 생각하는 사업자는 전체의 70.3%를 차지하여 등록제도에 대한 요구가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 수상레저 찰동 중에 발생할 누 있는 사고에 대비하여 수상레저기구에 대한 보험 또는 공제가입을 의무화하는 것이 필요하다고 응답한 사업자는 동력 및 무동력에 대해 각각 전체의 81.1%, 70.3%를 차지하여 원칙적으로 보험이 수상레저 활동에 필수적인 항목임을 확인할 수 있었다.