The purpose of this paper is to present the environment change of Cheju Island as land development process using GSIS(Geo-Spatial Information System) technique. We implemented the process based on the maps of soil color, underground water pollution points, land use, land development planning and land sight seeing supported by Cheju Province Office. To use the maps for GSIS data, first we transformed the picture data of the office into raster structured picture data using scanner. Second, the coordinate system was added to raster data using 1/50000 geographic map. Third, we estimated land planning process using GSIS technique(overlay and reclass technique). The results showed that land development effected the natural environment(forest, green field, farm land). However, the chemical pollution and land sight seeing was not so much effected by the land development that was found.

It is essential for port planning, coastal zone management and environmental impact study to analyze the variation of current and water quality due to the development of water area and discharged water from estuary barrage and basin etc. Mokpo sea area downstreams from a long river and two large basins, the Yongsan river and Yongam-Kumho basins discharging much of water through water gates for the purpose of flood control and prohibition of salt intrusion to the inland fresh water area. In this study, the numerical calculations were carried out for the analysis of diffusion characteristics due to discharging operation, adapting the results of tidal current simulation ADI methord is applied to the governing equation for the movement of sea water and diffusion and 6-point method to the advection terms of diffusion equation. As the results of this study, it is known that the discharging operation causes increasing and/or decreasing of current velocity and enlarging and/or depressing of pollutant diffusion limits depending on the distance from the discharging gates and the mode of discharging operation. To utilize these result, the linked gate operation and the method increasing exchange of sea water must be considered.

금강에 위치한 부여취수장 부근에서의 유사이송을 모의하기 위해서 2차원 유한요소모형(RMA)이 적용되었다. 다양한 유량조건하에서 하상변동에 관한 모의수행결과는 과거 이 지역에서의 실측된 값과 잘 일치하였다. 본 연구에서 하도부의 개선과 취수구 부근의 하상저하를 위한 대안으로서 수제공 설치와 밤섬제거가 고려되었다. 수제공의 설치에 다라 좌안쪽으로 주흐름이 변환되었으며, 전 영역에 걸쳐서 비슷한 폭을 가진 하도가 형성되었다. 12,030{{{{ { m}^{3

지구온난화의 영향으로 배증 CO2 상태가 되는 약 60년 후의 한반도 평균강수량은 약 5-10%정도의 증가로 예측되고 있다. 그러나 수자원분야에서 평균강수량의 증가보다 더 중요한 것은 홍수 또는 가뭄과 같은 극치기상의 빈도 변화이다. 현재 국제적으로 이러한 극치기상의 빈번한 발생이 지구온난화의 한 증거로 받아들여지고 있기는 하나 그 양상이 어떻게 되리라고는 예측되고 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 그러한 변화 양상을 예측해 보기 위한 방법론을 제시해

지구 온난화는 산업혁명이후 이미 시작되었으며 최근에 와서 그 정도가 심해지고 있다. CO2와 같은 온실기체의 증가를 가장 큰 원인으로 하는 지구 온난화의 영향이 아직 정량적으로 밝혀지고 있지만 대기순환모형(General Circulation Model: GCM)을 이용한 연구에서 이러한 온실기체의 증가가 지구의 평균온도를 상승시킨다고 밝히고 있다. 지구 온난화는 전지구적 물의 순환에도 영향을 미쳐 지구 곳곳의 강수패턴에 변화를 가져오는데 근래에 자주 발

In order to determine the changes of sediment facies and metal levels in surface sediments after the construction of Shiwha Lake, surface sediments were sampled at 8 sites located on the main channel monthly from June, 1995 to August, 1996 and analysed for 12 metals (Al, Fe, Mn, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, As and Pb) by ICP/AES and ICP/MS. Two groups of sampling sites (the inner lake with 3 sites and the outer lake with 5 sites) are subdivided by the surface morphology; the inner lake is a shallow channel area with a gentle slope, while the outer lake is relatively deep and wide channel with a steep slope which has many small distributaries. After the construction of dam, fine terrestrial materials were deposited near the outer lake, which resulted in the change of major sediment facies from sandy silt to mud. With the deposition of fine sediments in the outer lake, anoxic water column induced the formation of sulfide compounds with Cu, Cd, Zn and part of Pb. Metal (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd) contents in sediments increased up to twice within 2 years after the construction of dam. This is due to the direct input of industrial and municipal wastes into the lake and the accumulation of metals within the lake. In addition, frequent resuspension of contaminated sediments in a shallow part of the lake may make metal-enriched materials transport near the outer lake with fine terrestrial materials. As the enrichment of Cu, Zn, Cd and part of Pb in the Shiwha Lake may be related to the formation of unstable sulfide compounds by sulfate reduction in anoxic water or sediment column, the effect of mixing with open coastal seawater is discussed.

An experiment was carried out to find out the changes in morphology, sugars, and α -amylase activity during the priming of rice seeds (Oryza sativa L. cv. ＇Ilpumbyeo＇). For priming, seeds were soaked in -0.6 MPa PEG solution at 15~circC for 4 days (properly primed) and at 25~circC for 4 and 10 days (over-primed) and dried at room temperature. The size of coleoptile and differentiated leaves of properly primed seeds were bigger and coleoptile was separated from the other part of embryo compared with non-primed and over-primed seeds. As priming of seeds advanced, compound starch grains in the endosperm disintegrated into tiny starch granules, and small holes were found in the tiny starch granules and a cavities developed between embryo and endosperm. The radicle and plumule of properly primed germinating seeds developed faster than non-primed and overprimed germinating seeds. Sucrose, maltose, and raffinose contents of properly primed seeds decreased, while content of glucose and fructose and α -amylase activity increased. However, sugar content and α -amylase activity of over-primed seeds were lower compared with non-primed seeds or properly primed seeds.

The construction of the coastal structures and reclamation work causes the circulation reduced in the semi-closed inner water area and the unbalanced sediment budget of beach results in an alteration of beach topography. Among the various fluid motions in the nearshore zone water particle motion due to wave and wave-induced currents are the most responsible for sediment movement. Therefore it is needed to predict the effect of the environmental change because of development and so the prediction of wave transformation dose. The purpose of this study is to introduce the relation between waves wave-induced currents and sediment movement. In this study we will show numerical method using energy conservation equation involving reflection diffraction and reflection and the surfzone energy dissipation term due to wave breaking is included in the basic equation. For the wave-induced current the momentum equation was combined with radiation stresses lateral mixing and friction Various information is required in the prediction of wave-induced current depending on the prediction tool. We can predict changes in wave-induced current from the distribution of wave especially near the wave breaking zone. To evaluate these quantities we have to know the local condition of waves mean sea level and so on. The results from the wave field and wave-induced current field deformation models are used as input data of the sediment transport and bottom change model. Numerical model were established by a finite difference method then were applied to the development plan of the eastern Pusan coastal zone Yeonhwa-ri and Daebyun fishing port. We represented the result with 2-D graphics and made comparison between before and after development.

A Numerical model is developed in order to predict cross-shore beach profile change. In this model it is assumed that sediment transport is generated by waves(bed load transport suspended load transport) and undertow which is defined as offshore directional steady flow in the surf zone. In addition wave tank experiments which reproduce storm-surge were performed. By comparing resulting profile of calculation with experiments, the applicability of this method is verified.

Mokpo coastal area is connected to the adjacent a long river and two large basins. It is essential for port planning coastal zone management and environmental impact study to analyze the data related to the ship operation and variation of current and water quality due to the development of water area including dredging reclamation and estuary barrage. The Yongsan river estuary weir and Yongam-Kumho basins discharge much of water through water gates for the purpose of flood control and prohibit salt intrusion at the inland fresh water area. To meet this purpose discharge through the gates have been done at the period of maximum water level difference between inner river and sea level. This discharged water may cause the changes of current pattern and other environmental influences in the vicinity and inner area of semi-closed Mokpo harbor. In this study ADI method is applied to the governing equation for the analysis of the changes on current pattern due to discharged water. As the results of this study it is known that the discharging operation causes many changes including the increase of current velocity at the front water area at piers approaching passage and anchorages. Discussion made on the point of problems such as restricted maneuverability and the safety of morred vessels at pier and anchorage. To minimize this influence the linked gate operation discharging warning system and laternative mooring system are recommended.

본 연구에서는 탱자의 미성숙배로부터 캘러스 유도와 재분화에 관하여 연구하였다. 탱자 배발생 캘러스들은 3% sucrose와 44.4 μm BA로 처리된 ½MS배지에서 광조사(2,000 1x, 16h)시에 미성숙종자의 배로부터 유도되었으며 식물체 재분화는 MS배지에 5.0 μm BA를 첨가하였을 때 가장 양호하였다. 탱자는 배양2~3주경에 담황색의 캘러스가 유도되었으며 배양5~6주경부터는 딱딱한 녹색의 캘러스로 변하였다. 기내 재분화는 3% sucrose와 5.0 μm BA가 첨가된 MS배지에서 배발생 캘러스로부터 직접 유도되었다. 또한 배양 12주 후에 Multishoot가 재분화되었으며, 배양 16주 후에 뿌리가 형성되었다. 또한 뿌리가 형성된 식물체들은 토양으로 옮겨져 완전한 식물체로 잘 자랐다. 광학 현미경 관찰시 탱자에서는 배양4주경에 하얀색의 조밀한 배양된 세포들이 나타났다. 배양6주경부터는 세포들이 신장되면서 배발생 돌기가 나타났으며 주변의 세포들은 액포화 되었다. 또한 배양12주경에는 미성숙 잎에서 발달된 유낭과 전형성층을 관찰하였다.

It is necessary to quantitatively asses the influence of tidal currents to analysis the coastal current patterns before or after constructing offshore structures like as breakwaters. This assesment can be made through the use of simulation models designed to reproduce the water movements of the area. And it is very important to predict a phenomenon of pollutant dispersion in the area. In this study, in order to predict the changes of sea water quality for the port development plan, Ilgwang harbour, located at the east coast of Pusan, the numerical computations were carried out. The flow patterns were investigated before and after the development of the harbour bay and coastal area connected on it. The computational models are an extension of earlier work on the flow which used the ADI Method (Alternating Direction Implicit Method) in appling to Osaka Bay by KANEKO et al. The transport of pollutant constituents depends upon the currental characteristics of the water-transporting medium. In the currental flow model, water velocities and water levels are computed throughout the regions of it. These value are then used in the mass-balance equation to obtain the pollutant-constituent transport. As a result of this research, the present water quality of Ilgwang harbour and the coastal areas connected on it was proved out some good condition. The changes of sea water quality due to the port development plan of the Ilgwang habour bay and the coastal area were not large compared with the present condition, but it will be likely able to get worse by increasing the semi-enclosed areas in the harbour bay. In order to improve the water quality of the area after development, the method to activate tidal exchange in the area can be needed, as a mitigation technique.

마늘퓨레를 제조하였을 때 원료로 사용된 마늘의 저장온도와 퓨레의 pH 및 온도가 변색에 미치는 영향을 알아보고 그 원인을 구명하기 위하여 본 실험이 수행되었다. 마늘퓨레의 변색은 저온저장했던 마늘로 퓨레제조시 심하게 나타났으며 pH 4.0, 2와 조건에서 청변이 가장 심하였다. 변색의 양상은 녹변, 청변, 그리고 갈변의 세가지 형태로 나타났으며 산화적 갈변을 제외한 녹변과 청변은 변색정도의 차이일 뿐 같은 기작에 의한 것으로 생각되었다. 변색색

본 연구는 기후 변화가 수자원 시스템에 미치는 영향에 대한 최근의 연구 동향을 살펴보고, 그 중의 한 기법을 미국의 Skagit 시스템에 실례로 적용해 보았다. 적용된 기법에서는, 기후변화로 인하여 Skagit 시스템의 월별 유입량의 평균과 분산이 5% 증가한다고 가정하였다. 평균과 분산이 변화한 각각의 경우에 대하여 월별 운영률을 추계학적 동적 계획법으로 구하고 기후 변화가 없다고 가정한 경우의 운영률과 비교하였다. 그 결과 Skagit 시스템의 월별

The characteristics of the basic statistics and steadiness of wind and the monthly normality test of surface wind distribution are investigated by using the observed wind data compiled from 10m meteorological observation tower at Seocheon district, where is located in the western coastal region of Korea, during the period from Feb. 7, 1996 to Feb. 7 1997. The northerly is appeared to be even in August and Sepember due to the influences of local circulation such as land and sea breeze. The correlation coefficients(γuv) between two wind components are seemed to be positive during the in the period of from June to September and negative from October to April, respectively. The constancy of wind is high in winter and low in summer. It is evident that the modal values of S decrease and their maximum values shifts to lower values with increasing sampling time. It is found from monthly normality test based on the skewness and the excess of kurtosis coefficients that the distribution of zonal wind component is normal in spring and meridional one is normal in late summer and early autumn.

This study was conducted to blow the effect of postharvest physiological changes on garlic quality according to its ecotypes and storage temperatures. The changes of water, total soluble solids, crude stein, md total fructans were measured and the rates of respiration and sprouting were analyzed during storage at 20 and 30. The decrease of water content and the increase of total soluble solids were reversely appeared during garlic storage. The crude protein content was gradually increased during storage but total fructan content was decrased. The respiration late was maximized at 60days after storage and the spouting rate was gradually increased. In the aspect of ecotypic characteristics, the water content, fructan content and sprouting rate were higher in 'Namdo' cultivar than those of southern type. The high storage temperature (30) controlled spouting and loss of fructan, and it was effective to maintain the garlic quality.

In this research, two stochastic models are considered to detect and estimate the effect of air temperature change due to industrialization in Ulsan area. Using the monthly mean minimum air temperature anomalies, the data are divided into pre-industrialization part and industrialization one for analysis. The ARMA(autoregressive moving-average) model and intervention model have been applied to the data for the analysis. The results show that the variability of minimum temperature anomalies are very significant in 1989, and also significant in 1971 when the industrialization have started. Therefore, it is stochastically possible to estimate the time when the affection of increase of the temperature concerning industrialization to climate change in Ulsan area has happened.

This paper aims to estimate the change point of the precipitation in Pusan area using the several statistical approaches. The data concerning rainfall are extracted from the annual climatological report and monthly weather report issued by the Korean Meteorological Administration. The average annual precipitation at Pusan is 1471.6 ㎜, with a standard deviation of 406.0 ㎜, less than the normal(1486.0 ㎜). The trend of the annual precipitation is continuously decreasing after 1991 as a change point. And the statistical tests such as t-test and Wilcoxon rank sum test reveals that the average annual precipitation of after 1991 is less than that of before 1991 at 10% significance level. And the mean annual precipitation in Kyongnam districts is also continuously decreasing after 1991 same as Pusan.