Port competition is generally classified into two type of inter-domestic ports and intermational ports and the latter is measured how to secure the function of intermediacy for foreign cargoes among competing parts. In the Northeast Asia top 20 world container ports such as Pusan, Kobe, Yokohama and Kaohsiung are struggling to induce transshipment containers generated in the North China region. This paper aims to analyze and evaluate the competitive factors of the said ports such as port site facilities expenses service level and flexibility of management and operations and suggest the feasible strategies that the Pusan Port to be viable transshipment center in the region. The evaluation is attempted twice. First attempt is evaluated by present conditions of each port and second attempt by upgraded conditions of evaluation value such as port service level and flexibility of port management and operations resulted from the implementation of the ON-DOCK service system. The results of evaluation are as follows; (1) Port competitiveness of first evaluation is ranked in Kobe=Kaohsiung >Pusan>Yokohama. (2) Second evaluation is resulted in Kobe> Pusan= Kaohsiung>Yokohama. According to this results the competitiveness edge of the Pusan Port is able to strengthen by implementation of the ON-DOCk system.

The subject of port efficiency is one of the important issues facing port authorities and policy makers today. A number of studies have been undertaken which compare ports in terms of their efficiency. But any port comparison can only be valid and meaningful if a port’s efficiency is compared with a similar port. The main objective of this paper is to introduce a systematic approach to identifying similar ports based on the technique of principal component analysis and cluster analysis. And it seeks to identify the most important factors underlying the port classification. Lack of awareness of which factors differentiate ports has resulted in an unnecessary collection of data which are of limited use in port classification. This paper has identified five groupings of similar ports within which port comparision can be justifiably made. This approach can be used for any future port comparision.

This study aims to apply and examine the stochastic approach for empty container repositioning and leasing problem. For this a case study has been carried out on actual data such as various cost components and traffic flow. The results reveal that the proposed methodology produces more realistic results than the conventional deterministic approaches. It is also found that the results are significantly affected by the accuracy of demand and supply forecast.

The main purpose of this study is to design the port marketing strategies for strengthening the competitive power of container terminal. So far many attempts have been made to analyze the international competitiveness of the terminal. Six factors hypothesized by this study come from previous research analyses about customers preference for port selection. Those are Cost Centrality and Intermediacy Free trade port Inland transportation connections Political and Economic institution and Port facilities. this study analyzes the most important factors about hob port and transhipment port separately through questionnaire analysis about users(shipper shipping company and freight forwarder) influencing on port selection. The results of this study were found as follows:

This study is on the focus of the cost-effective and time-effective in the BCTOC which commenced the On Dock Termainal System in 1998 for the first time in Korea. On this process of study two categories should be considered : (1) Improvement on Business Process (2) Improvement on Information Technology. With these two accesses a new future-oriented and prospective model could be put on our hand as follows. (1) Improvement on Business Process \circled1Consistency of container In-Out Operation \circled2Simplicity of Rate appraisal \circled3Unified operation on Billing and Request (2) Improvement on Information Technology \circled1Scale up the Information Application \circled2Constructing an one-spot simultaneous Information Holding System \circled3Combination of Internet and Integrated Database System.

운송에 필요한 각종 서류와 정보의 효율적 교환은 국제물류시스템의 중요한 일부분이 되었다. 또한 EDI(전자문서교환)는 수출입에 필요한 각종 상거래 서식을 컴퓨터가 읽을 수 있는 표준화된 전자문서의 형태로 바꾸어 교환함으로써 무역절차의 간소화와 운송서류의 신속한 교환을 가능하게 하여 물류 효율성을 증대시키는 것으로 알려져있다. 이러한 맥락에서 세계각국의 항만당국은 자국의 물류혁신을 도모하기 위하여 경쟁력으로 EDI의 도입을 추진해왔다. 그러나 90년대에 들어 EDI의 발전은 처음의 기대와는 달리 저조한 것으로 나타났다. 이는 크게 두가지로 설명된다. 첫째는 EDI 문서의 국제표준을 제정하는 UN/ECE 산하 WP4의 표준제정 미 공표의 비효율성으로 인해 실제 상거래에서 필요한 문서들의 EDI 표준화가 제때에 이루어지지 않았다는 점이다. 두 번째 이유는 대부분의 EDI 사용자가 전자문서의 교환통로로 이용해 왔던 부가가치통신망(VAN)서비스의 고비용적인 구조로 인하여 비용에 민감한 중소규모 화주들의 폭넓은 이용을 저해왔다는 점이다. 따라서 본고에서는 EDI의 확산을 저해했던 두가지 문제점에 입각하여 먼저 효율적 EDI 표준 제공을 위한 국제적 노력의 산물인 CEFACT(Center for Facilitation of Procedures and practices for Administration Commerce and Transport))와 보다 안전하고 신뢰성 있는 전자상거래 솔류션의 마련을 위해 이루어진 각종 국제기구들의 활동 및 결과물들을 소개하고 다음으로 인터넷의 급속한 확산으로 새롭게 개발되고 있는 Web-based EDI, XML/EDI, Simpl-EDI, Form-based EDI 그리고 Lite-EDI의 저비용적 구조 측면을 분석하여 중소규모화주들의 EDI에 대한 인식을 제고시킴으로써 EDI의 전반적인 확산을 도모하고 있다.

This paper deals with the evaluation problem of complex systems by introducing a fuzzy approach. The authors are functionally supposing a hierarchical structure model of a complex system and give light on the following problems. First for the purpose of clarifying the characteristics of measures the property and differences between two method such as linear and fuzzy viewpoint are discussed through two level-down evaluation process. Second the integrated evaluation process which keeps reversibility between hierarchical levels is discussed and obtained some necessary conditions for reversibility of fuzzy evaluation. From these results it is expected that the fuzzy approach overcomes partly the limitation of reductionism at the hierarchical evaluation of complex systems.

This study was focused on analyzing the headway of various types of trailer in Pusan city with the high heavy vehicle rate. Then Passenger Car Equivalent(PCE) was calibrated in order to identify the impact of trailers in the traffic flow at the signalized intersections. To fulfill this goal types of trailer were classified into five categories such as full trailer semi-trailer unloaded semi-trailer semi-trailer loaded with 20ft container and semi-trailer loaded with 40ft container and Passenger Car Equivalents were identified. the Results are as follows: 1) The PCE’s were 2.64, 1.51, 2.09, 2.16 and 2.23 respectively. 2) The saturation flow rate on the signalized intersection was lower than that on the multi-lane highway in the big city of Korea. 3) The start-up delay on the thru lane was similar to the average value in our country but the start-up delay on the left-turn lane was longer than the average value in our country by the impact of container Vehicles.

Traffic accidents increase with the increase of the vehicles in operation on the street. Especially big traffic accidents composed of over 3 killed or 20 injured accidents with the property damage become one of the serious problems to be solved in most of the cities. The purpose of this study is to build the discrimination model on big traffic accidents using the Quantification II theory for establishing the countermeasures to reduce the big traffic accidents. The results are summarized as follows. 1)The existing traffic accident related model could not explain the phenomena of the current traffic accident appropriately. 2) Based on the big traffic accident types vehicle-vehicle, vehicle-alone, vehicle-pedestrian and vehicle-train accident rates 73%, 20.5% 5.6% and two cases respectively. Based on the law violation types safety driving non-fulfillment center line invasion excess speed and signal disobedience were 48.8%, 38.1% 2.8% and 2.8% respectively. 3) Based on the law violation types major factors in big traffic accidents were road and environment, human, and vehicle in order. Those factors were vehicle, road and environment, and human in order based on types of injured driver’s death. 4) Based on the law violation types total hitting and correlation rates of the model were 53.57% and 0.97853. Based on the types of injured driver’s death total hitting and correlation rates of the model were also 71.4% and 0.59583.

Congestion and traffic accidents occur on the merge and diverge sections in the interchange of the freeway. Studies have been conducted to reduce the traffic delay and accidents on the merge section in the freeway since 1960s. but a study was not conducted to estimate the speed variation on the merge section construct models estimated for the speed variation and suggest the appropriate measures. The purpose of this study was to identify the traffic flow characteristics on the merge section in the freeway construct the models estimated for the speed variation on the merge section in the freeway and finally establish the appropriate measure for reduction of traffic delay and accidents on the merge section in the freeway. The following results were obtained: I) Speed variations in the urban freeway appeared to be about 3.2mph, 6.5mph and 7.4mph based on the morning peak period, afternoon peak period and 24-hours period but those in the suburban freeway appeared to be about 8.0mph, 11.1mph and 10.1mph based on the same periods respectively. So different speed reduction signs need be installed to reduce delay and accidents on the merge section in the freeway based on the areas and periods as the freeway traffic management system(FTMS). ii) These models estimated for speed variation need to be studied with the changeable message sign(CMS) technique based on the real-time data so that the traffic flow could be maximized and the traffic delay and accidents be on the merge section in the freeway as more efficient freeway traffic management system(FTMS) in the near future.

It is very important to quantitatively assess the movement of sea water and pollutant dispersion before or after constructing shore structures such as breakwater considering marine environment and long-term utilization of those structures. This assesment is possible through the use of simulation models designed to predict water movement and pollutant dispersion in a certain area. In this study the numerical computations were carried out to predict the sea water quality in the Ilgwang Harbor located at the east coast of Pusan. The flow patters were investigated before and after the development of Ilgwang Harbor. The computational models adopting ADI Method (Alternating Direction Implicit Method) were used here and were already verified from the previous studies. As a results of this study the tidal exchange in Ilgwang Harbor after development proved to be worse due to the increased semi-enclosed at the harbor limit. In order to improve the water quality of this area after development a new method was proposed to improve water quality in the semi-enclosed bay by creation and control of tidal residual currents. For this purpose the unsymmetric structures so called bottom roughness were introduced in this study. The simulation was carried out on the basis of the study by Komatsu et. al. and Gug and we made a conclusion that it is possible to generate a new tidal residual current and to increase the tidal exchange by application of bottom roughness arrangement.

Mokpo coastal area is connected to the adjacent a long river and two large basins. It is essential for port planning coastal zone management and environmental impact study to analyze the data related to the ship operation and variation of current and water quality due to the development of water area including dredging reclamation and estuary barrage. The Yongsan river estuary weir and Yongam-Kumho basins discharge much of water through water gates for the purpose of flood control and prohibit salt intrusion at the inland fresh water area. To meet this purpose discharge through the gates have been done at the period of maximum water level difference between inner river and sea level. This discharged water may cause the changes of current pattern and other environmental influences in the vicinity and inner area of semi-closed Mokpo harbor. In this study ADI method is applied to the governing equation for the analysis of the changes on current pattern due to discharged water. As the results of this study it is known that the discharging operation causes many changes including the increase of current velocity at the front water area at piers approaching passage and anchorages. Discussion made on the point of problems such as restricted maneuverability and the safety of morred vessels at pier and anchorage. To minimize this influence the linked gate operation discharging warning system and laternative mooring system are recommended.

A Numerical model is developed in order to predict cross-shore beach profile change. In this model it is assumed that sediment transport is generated by waves(bed load transport suspended load transport) and undertow which is defined as offshore directional steady flow in the surf zone. In addition wave tank experiments which reproduce storm-surge were performed. By comparing resulting profile of calculation with experiments, the applicability of this method is verified.

The construction of the coastal structures and reclamation work causes the circulation reduced in the semi-closed inner water area and the unbalanced sediment budget of beach results in an alteration of beach topography. Among the various fluid motions in the nearshore zone water particle motion due to wave and wave-induced currents are the most responsible for sediment movement. Therefore it is needed to predict the effect of the environmental change because of development and so the prediction of wave transformation dose. The purpose of this study is to introduce the relation between waves wave-induced currents and sediment movement. In this study we will show numerical method using energy conservation equation involving reflection diffraction and reflection and the surfzone energy dissipation term due to wave breaking is included in the basic equation. For the wave-induced current the momentum equation was combined with radiation stresses lateral mixing and friction Various information is required in the prediction of wave-induced current depending on the prediction tool. We can predict changes in wave-induced current from the distribution of wave especially near the wave breaking zone. To evaluate these quantities we have to know the local condition of waves mean sea level and so on. The results from the wave field and wave-induced current field deformation models are used as input data of the sediment transport and bottom change model. Numerical model were established by a finite difference method then were applied to the development plan of the eastern Pusan coastal zone Yeonhwa-ri and Daebyun fishing port. We represented the result with 2-D graphics and made comparison between before and after development.

Numerical analysis of two-fluid flows for both water and air is carried out. Free-Surface flows with an arbitrary deformation have been simulated around two dimensional submerged hydrofoil. The computation is performed using a finite volume method with unstructured meshes and an interface capturing scheme to determine the shape of the free surface. The method uses control volumes with an arbitrary number of faces and allows cell-wise local mesh refinement. the integration in space is of second order based on midpoint rule integration and linear interpolation. The method is fully implicit and uses quadratic interpolation in time through three time levels The linear equation systems are solved by conjugate gradient type solvers and the non-linearity of equations is accounted for through picard iterations. The solution method is of pressure-correction type and solves sequentially the linearized momentum equations the continuity equation the conservation equation of one species and the equations or two turbulence quantities.

The ocean wave is hydrodynamically investigated to get more reliable solution. To improve the computational accuracy more fine grids are used with relatively less computer storage on the free surface. One element of the free surface is discretized into more fine grids because the free-surface waves are much affected by the grid size in the finite difference scheme. Here the multi-grid method is applied to confirm the efficiency for the S103 ship model by solving the Navier-Stokes equation for the turbulent flows. According to the computational result approximately 30% can be improved in the free surface generation, Finally the limiting streamlines show numerical result is similar to the experiment by twin tuft.