근래 남중국해는 중국과 필리핀, 베트남, 미국 등 주변 연안국과 기타 여러 관련 국가들의 이해관계가 첨예하게 대립되는 소위 ‘갈등의 바다’가 되었다. 2016년 7월 12일 국제상설중재재판소의 판결에도 불구하고 중국은 남중국해의 도서 영유권과 구단선(九段線)내의 해역에 대한 관할권 주장을 고수하면서 인 공섬과 군사기지 건설을 통하여 실효적 지배를 강화하고 있다. 미국은 남중국해에서 군함에 의한 ‘항행의 자유 작전’을 수행하면서 중국의 영유권 주장을 인정하지 않고 있으나, 중국은 지난 2017년 2월 현행 「해상교통 안전법」의 전면 개정을 시도하면서 남중국해 수역을 포함하여 과도한 해양관 할권 주장의 근거가 될 수 있는 또 하나의 국내적 법제를 마련하고 있다. 그렇지만 해상교통안전법 개정(안)에는 몇가지 외교적 분쟁을 야기할 수 있는 국제법적 쟁점사항을 내포하고 있다. 즉, 적용범위에서 규정하고 있는 중국이 관할하는 기타 수역이 구체적으로 어디인지 모호하고, 남중국해에서 영해의 범위도 불명확하다. 그리고 해양법협약의 무해통항권을 저해할 수 있는 조항이 일부 신설되었으며, 또한 추적권을 행사할 수 있는 위법행위의 내용이 모호하고 무리한 내용도 포함되어 있다. 이 논문은 이러한 현행법의 개정(안)과 해양법협약의 관련 조항들을 비교·분석하여 개정(안)에 포함된 국제법적 쟁점사항을 고찰하였다.

본 연구는 국제사회의 대북제재가 왜 큰 효과를 나타내지 못했는가에 대한 문제인식에서 출발하고 있으며, 이러한 질문의 답을 찾기 위해 중국의 대북지원에 주목하고서 대북지원의 결정요인을 분석한다. 국제사회의 강경한 대북제재에도 불구하고 중국은 북한에 대해 제재와 지원이라는 이중적 자세를 취하고 있다. 이러한 중국의 이중적 자세에 대해 본 연구는 양면게임이론에 이론적 근거를 두고서 대북지원이 대한 대내외적 상황에 접근하였다. 중국의 대북지원에 대한 결정요인은 국외요인, 국내요인으로 구분할 수 있다. 이들 요인들은 중국의 패권강화, 미국 견제, 중국의 책임 있는 강대국 역할 수행, 북한의 자원 확보, 중국의 안정적인 성장 지속, 중국의 사회주의정치체제 정당성 유지, 베이징 컨센서스의 확산 등이 있다. 해당 요인들에 대한 분석을 토대로 살펴보면 향후 중국의 대북지원은 공식적 또는 비공식적 모두 지속적으로 이루어질 것이고 대북지원이 중단 되거나 북·중 관계가 악화되는 상황이 발생하는 것은 어려울 것이라고 전망할 수 있다.

이 글의 목적은, 중국의 각급 정부가 문화정책과 문화산업 기획을 통해 추진하는 도시 정체성 재구축 전략 그리고 도시의 문화생산물이 교호하거나 충돌하는 과정을 살핌으로써, 당대 중국 도시가 직면하고 있는 사회문화적 전환 국면의 일단을 밝히는 데 있다. 이를 위해 급속한 도시화를 경험하고 있고 당대 중국의 표본이라 일컬어지는 도시 충칭을 연구대상으로 삼았다. 본 연구는 충칭의 도시계획과 정책, 문화생산물과 도시 경관을 텍스트로 삼아 정부의 기획력이 관계 맺고 실행되는 양상, 정부의 기획에 포섭되지 않는 문화생산물들이 정부의 정책과 관계 맺는 양상들을 비교하여 살핌으로써 중국의 지역과 도시에서 문화정책의 실행과정에서 국가의 힘과 의도가 어떻게 작동하는지를 살폈다. 도시문화는 도시계획, 도시 건축물, 도시경관 등 형식의 물화로 표현된다. 도시속의 공간구조, 건축물의 배치설계, 그 자체는 바로 구체적인 문화부호의 표현이다. 충칭시의 도시계획을 통해 정부의 충칭도시정위와 그 변화, 충칭시를 대표하는 항전문화의 재구성, 역사적 장소로 충칭 지역문화의 소환, 영상매체에서 재구성되는 충칭의 문화경관과 도시문화 등을 고찰하였다.

Professor Petersmann has developed a constitutionalization theory for IEL based on Western constitutionalism theory in conjunction with human rights law. However, there is a paradox in his theory considering that he stresses ‘legal pluralism’ on the one hand, while calling for a cosmopolitan conception of IEL on the other hand. The hypothesis of this paper is that there are no ‘universalizable’ principles and common constitutional principles that can guarantee the compatibility between the two. Petersmann’s three often-used keywords, ‘human rights,’ “principles of justice,” and “judicial protection of individual rights,” are clarified in the context of Chinese thought and China’s progressive integration into the world economy. This paper finds that Petersmann’s theory focuses on bottom-up individual struggles, whereas Chinese thought is characterized by top-down overall consideration. The value divergence between the goodness of human nature in Chinese thought and the evil of human nature in Western thought makes ‘legal pluralism’ an insurmountable obstacle to a cosmopolitan conception of IEL.

In recent years, China initiated Big Data strategies and put forward a series of legislative proposals with regard to the regulation and utilization of Big Data technology. However, academics have not reached consensus to fundamental questions such as data ownership and protection approaches yet. The intrinsic contradiction lies in the difference of values between Big Data which emphasizes “open and sharing” and intellectual property law that protects monopoly interests. This article seeks to conceptualize Big Data in a dynamic approach with an aim to frame the dialogue for further discussion. Through analyzing whether current intellectual property laws in China serve a solid base for promoting the development of big data technology, it proposes that, in order to address regulatory impracticality of Big Data, certain statutory amendments are necessary. However, regarding the revolutionized proposition of creating a “database right” or alleging “Big Data as an object of intellectual property law,” this research recommends a modest and restrained approach.

It is not easy to detect East Asia’s presence in the field of investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS), despite its large economy. In addition to having less active foreign direct investment (FDI) relative to GDP and fewer investment treaties, East Asian economies and societies seem to possess certain characteristics that have contributed collectively to the dearth of ISDS cases in East Asia. Examples are the short history of international arbitration, the avoidance of litigation, the high proportion of state-owned enterprises in outward FDI from China, and the concentration of FDI in industries in which investor-state disputes are less likely to occur. This trend, however, is likely to change gradually with the ongoing socioeconomic changes in the region, including the increase in both outward and inward FDI, the increasing number of investment treaties, the growing familiarity with international (investment) arbitration among legal experts, the diversification of FDI, and the decreasing fear of administrative litigation.

This article assesses the compliance of China’s domestic laws in the area of intellectual property rights protection with the WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), which China obliged to accept upon its entrance into the WTO. It also discusses the implications which result from the implementation and enforcement of the intellectual property rights in China for doing business in China. The significance of intellectual property rights protection for achieving the strategic objects formulated by China’s policy-makers and China’s reputation in the world is tackled, as well. Qualitative research based on the concept of compliance showed that China’s compliance with its TRIPS obligation should be evaluated with respect to different country-specific as well as country non-specific factors. However, the experience from the historical development of the leading world inventors, such as Japan or the United Kingdom, should also be considered.

본 연구는 생물 다양성에 대한 중요성과 보호라는 관점에서 중국의 멸종위기종에 대한 법률과 관련된 제도를 분석하고 멸종위기 야생동물의 효율적인 보호를 위해 중국의 현행 야생동물 보호 법률에 대하여 요구되는 몇가지 개선점을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 수행되었다. <중화인민공화국 야생동물 보호법>이 1988년에 공포되고 시행된 이래 관리소홀로 인하여 시급한 조치가 필요하다는 사실을 알았다. 중국의 야생동물 보호법은 단조롭고 체계적이지 못해, 전근대적으로 현 시대의 수요에 부합하지 않기에 수정, 보완이 필요하다. 다른 국가들과 비교하였을 때, 입법취지와 감독체제, 보호범위 및 공중 참여제도, 입법 보호 체계의 혼란, 행정 보상제도의 미비와 실행의 난항, 법률 효율 저하, 내용의 공허성과 운용성의 부족, 생물 종 보호 명부가 법률 체계에 포함되어 있지 않는 등 많은 문제점을 가지고 있음을 확인할 수 있다. 이러한 일련의 문제점을 중국의 현 실정에 적합한 법률체계로 확립하기 위해 멸종위기종 보호 법률 법규의 체계상 혼란을 해결할 수 있는 개선방향에 대하여 제시한다.

본 연구는 중국 시장에서 소비자 세계주의가 외국 브랜드 구매 행위에 미치는 영향이 브랜드 원산지와 명성에 따라 달라질 수 있음을 검증하는 연구이다. 구체적으로 세계주의 성향이 높은 소비자는 상대적으로 소비자 적대감이 높은 원산지의 브랜드와 문화적 이질성이 높은 원산지의 브랜드를 수용하는 경향이 높은지를 살펴본다. 동시에 소비자 세계주의의 혁신성과 관련하여서도, 세계주의 성향이 높은 소비자는 인지도가 낮은 외국 브랜드에 대한 선호도가 높은지도 검증한다. 중국 소비자를 대상으로 실험 설계를 통한 소비자 세계주의의 효과를 검증한 결과, 위의 차별적 효과가 확인되 었다. 흥미로운 점은 세계주의 성향이 높은 소비자는 서양권 브랜드는 선호하나, 문화적으로 유사한 동양권 브랜 드, 특히 유명 브랜드에 대한 선호도는 높지 않는 것으로 발견되었다.

Objective of this study was to investigate the residual levels of heavy metals in rice contract farming complex for exporting to China. Paddy soil, irrigation water and rice grain were taken from 20 fie1ds located in Icheon city, Cheorwon-gun, Cheongju city, Seocheon-gun, Gunsan city and Haenamgun. The elements of samples were analyzed using ion chromatography, ICP-OES, and ICP-MS after acid digestion. The arsenic (As) contents of paddy soil were ranged from 2.9 to 18.2 mg/kg, which were lower than 25 mg/kg as concern level of environmental pollution in Korea. Cadmium (Cd) was below the limit of quantitation (0.006 mg/kg) in all samples. The highest contents of copper (Cu) was detected to be 25.6 mg/kg in Seocheon-gun sample, but it was below 1/10 fold of the threshold levels 250 mg/kg for soil pollution. Also, the average contents of nikel (Ni), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and hexavalent chrome (Cr6+) were found to be lower than the criterion of soil pollution concern, and it was considered to be safe. The residual levels of arsenic in agricultural waters were relatively high, up to 24.3 ug/L in river water, but was detected as 1~2 ug/L level in the ground water. These levels are lower than the water quality standard, 0.05 mg/kg of agricultural water. The concentrations of mercury (Hg) and total chromium (Cr) in the white rice and brown rice were less than the limit of quantitation, and the levels of cadmium in the range of 0.004 to 0.068 mg/kg were less than safety criteria 0.2 mg/kg in Korea and China. In addition, the contents of lead (Pb) in white rice ranged from 0.002 to 0.136 mg/kg, which was safe to be 0.2 mg/kg for Korean white rice and 0.2 mg/kg for China brown rice. As a whole, the residual levels of heavy metals such as arsenic in rice was safely maintained as 1/10 to 1/20 of the residual limits of Korea and China. In conclusion, the heavy metals levels should not be worried in rice contract farming complex for exporting to China.

The purpose of this study is to identify target consumers to expand the export of Korean rice to China. We used the ordered logit model as the analysis method and conducted a survey on 637 consumers living in Xi'an, China from September 13, 2016 to September 30, 2016. The results indicate that the target consumers could be set as those who less amount of rice per purchase, more purchase experience of Korea rice, and have lower age. Also, people who are watch korean dramas more or listen to K-pops more tend to buy Korean rice more. Therefore, it is required to maximize the export performance by selecting the young and interested in Korean Wave as the target consumer for the effective export of rice to the Chinese market.

There has been heated debate between China and South Korea over the issue of THAAD deployment in ROK. From the standpoint of China, the deployment is a major issue which concerning the global strategic balance. It seems to China that the THAAD deployment will do nothing to solve the nuclear issue of north Korea,and it is beyond the South Korean defense needs. Moreover, it has seriously threatened China's security interest, undermined Sino-ROK relations and the trust between the big powers. The issue’s essence is the promotion of US deploying global anti missile system. For that ,China and Russia jointly defend the THAAD has become an inevitable trend. The Improvement of Sino-ROK relationship focus on the the national interest and prospects for denuclearization of the Korean peninsula. It means that the two sides have not changed their positions, and the THAAD problem has not really been turned over.

The safety management of feeds has become a very important factor for food safety and legislation and system improvement are being implemented to prevent the hazardous factors from livestock products. The range of heavy metals in feed hazardous factors was similar among countries, but the As maximum limit was strengthened in Korea compared to China. Regulation of residual pesticide and radioactivity was only controlled in Korea. The range and maximum limit of mycotoxin were strictly controlled in China compared to Korea. In order to enhance the feed safety in Korea, it is necessary to improve the policy, strengthen the range of the feed hazard and the maximum limit and carry out the research related to the feed safety.

Entering the New-normal era, China has defined the start-up as a driving force for sustainable economic development. China's start-up support policy, represented by "makers", is now China's biggest issue. China has established a society based on makers and presented a new development model that enables socially diverse economic communities to continuously develop the Chinese economy. This paper intends to enhance the structural and in-depth understanding of “makers-based society” by analyzing the socially influential actors/keywords of China's makers policy. For this purpose, Big data related to makers were collected for data analysis and data mining and semantic network analysis were conducted. The results of the analysis are as follows: First, China's makers policies are steadily expanding and developing due to active government support and the enthusiasm of social entrepreneurship; Second, from the social point of view, the value of the start-up, the market orientation, and the regional support policy are important; Third, China has been actively developing and utilizing entrepreneurship-related curriculum, and it has been cultivating human resources suitable for start-up; Fourth, makers are an important platform for globalization of human resources in China as a driving force for sustainable development. It is also revealed that young people are building their own entrepreneurial ecosystem through their start-up and realizing their dreams.

The paper explores the relationship among the personnel characters, organizational formalization and organizational commitment in Korean firms in Shandong province of China. In this paper, the employee’s personnel characters include the sexual, job, college graduate, collectivism(value attitude), Power distance(value attitude). The results of anaysis shows that College gratuate have negative effects on the organizational commitment, and the collectivism have positive effection on the affective commitment, the perception of organizational formalization have positive effects on the affective commitment. And, the perception of organizational formalization have moderlate effects among the job, college gratuate, collectivism, power distance with organizational commitment. Based on the these results, the paper described the theoretical and practical implications.