On Oct of 2001, Hyundai Card which got into the credit card business late with its acquisition of Diners Card had a big success with competitive credit card product as the distinction of design and shape was introduced in card design not only was with the credit card proper ability of the payment for goods. As result of success of Hyundai card design facts, other credit card companies released the designed credit card through benchmark of Hyundai card but it was not effective as much as Hyundai card. Therefore, this study is to investigate the success facts of design through analysis of the identity of Hyundai brands design and the mutual relation, the distinction of design makes a product rivalry, is analyzed

Today, consumer needs are diversified, continually changing and differentiated. Under the market conditions of unlimited competition to satisfy those needs, businesses focus on relationship-building with customers, as well as on quality of Services. As a result, in this era of consumer-centered brand marketing, brand identity is surfacing as a competitive edge that a company can benefit from for a long time : this is related to the fact that people want to know why a consumer selects and purchases a certain brand out of so many others.

Reproductive incompatibility is an important factor to select a specific biological control agent for successful augmentation of the corresponding endogenous population. An endoparasitoid, Cotesia plutellae (Kurdjumov), is an effective control agent to diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) and has been known to be classified into two groups in terms of reproductive incompatibility. This study analyzed an Korean population of C. plutellae in terms of morphological characters and mitochondrial DNA marker, which did not match with either of two reproductive incompatibility groups. These results suggest that a Korean population of C. plutellae can be involved in a novel reproductive group. For any augmentation program of C. plutellae in Korea, reproductive incompatibility should be seriously considered to select a particular exotic population.

Inevitably, Korean-Americans have had to suffer an ethnic identity crisis in living between Korean culture and American culture. Sometimes they ask themselves “Who am I? Where do I belong in between Korean society and American society? Am I a Korean or an American?” This is the Korean-American’s trouble and wrestling for ego synthesis in the middle of the American culture. There are bigger gaps between assimilated children and parents who are not readily assimilated into American culture. The author is very concerned about the outlook for the future of the Korean-American family situation, especially in the generation gap problem. As a possible answer to this circumstance, the author researches the missiological importance of Korean-American’s identity education through the use of the Jewish model, who successfully maintains their own identity despite their long periods of Diaspora history. In section 1, the author deals with the nations which have survived and will survive in the future, especially concentrating on Arnold Toynbee’s theory about challenge and response, and the three essences of the collapse of civilization. Another main focus of this section is Jewish education as an important identity keeping tool. In section 2, the author discusses the Jewish and the Korean-American in the viewpoint of assimilation models, especially based on the Gordon, Won-mu Hurh, and Kitano’s analysis about assimilation. In comparison with Piaget’s external assimilation and internal accommodation, Gordon’s social structural assimilation theory is applied to the Jewish model as a good model of the Korean-American’s identity education method, and Gordon’s cultural assimilation theory is applied to the African-American model. Won-mu Hurh’s four models are mentioned in this section. Kitano’s four cells also are dealt with in this section. In section 3, the author deals with Yong-soo Hyun’s vertical culture and horizontal culture as a good answer to the Korean-American's identity question. In section 4, the author handles the role of parents as important teachers of their children. In section 5, the author deals with the role of the Korean immigrant church as an important place of the Korean-American’s identity education. In all sections, the author compares the Jewish model with the Korean-American situation.

The Sociolinguistic Journal of Korea 14(2). The purpose of this paper is to investigate two Korean children's understanding of language and identity issues and their feelings while residing in the United States. Korean academic families residing in the US temporarily but for extended periods of three to seven years encounter a complex set of issues with regard to their children's language use, cultural development, and identity development. Data include child interviews, child observations, and parent interviews. Gee's (2001) four ways to view identity were employed as a framework to analyze the child-participants' narratives. Based on the interviews and observations with the participating children, it seems that the children who spoke Korean at home at least with their parents, were vulnerable to the stress of competing forces. They were forced to integrate to a new linguistic and social environment as soon as they went to an English-speaking school. At the same time, they were expected to maintain not only their Korean language skills but also cultural values from their parents. The children seem to have gone through an identity crisis. Having a full command of two languages and accommodating two sets of cultural norms comprised their daily struggles.

국내 게임산업의 성장과 함께 유사한 장르의 후속 경쟁 게임작들이 ‘표절’ 논란을 불러일으키는 경우가 많은데, 대개는 두 게임의 시각적 요소들이 유사함에서 비롯된 것들이 대부분이다. 게임도 저작물인 한에 있어서는, 저작권침해의 일반적인 판단기준을 적용하면 될 것이나, 게임업계에서는 우리나라의 법원 또는 저작권법에 저작권침해, 특히 게임저작권침해를 판단하는 객관적인 기준이 없다 고 질타한다. 미국에서도 게임의 시각적 요소의 유사성에 관련된 저작권침해 논란이 최근까지도 있었으나, 컴퓨터 또는 장르로 인한 표현매체의 한계를 인정하여 실질적 유사성에 있어 다른 저작물들과는 달리 시각적으로 동일한 수준의 유사성(virtually identical copying)을 요구하고 있는 경향이다. 최근 우리나라 법원에서도 게임의 시각적 요소에 대한 저작권침해 사례에서 의미 있는 판결들을 선고하였는바, 본고에서는 미국에서 전개된 저작권침해의 성립요건, 실질적 유사성 테스트와 시각적 동일성 기준을 살펴보고, 우리나라 사례에 나타난 저작권침해의 성립요건, 실질적 유사성 이론 등과 비교한 후에 우리나라 게임저작권 침해 사례에 있어 시각적 동일성 기준의 적용가능성을 검토해 보고자 한다.

I insist in this paper that hybridity and identity are two aspects of modernity, not the separate words like in the aesthetic theory of 'discordia concors' and that modernity carries both in it, expanding relative values. A new version of culture will be able to come out, depending upon how to arrange hybridity and identity. The modern Irish culture, especially in its literature, offers a good example. As for the Irish people, the disaster of Great Famine brought an awakening that the Irish was not the British. And the Irish Literary Revival made the will to differentiate. However, even after the Irish Literary Revival, the Irish people found out that their own culture had been hybridized and that the cultural conflict existed. However, the Irish writers have tried to recreate their own culture based on the pride of their own culture-a firm religious, political and cultural tradition. W.B. Yeats's contribution lies in his attachment to things Irish. His spirit and taste for the supernatural world can be identified with Irishness. However, for Yeats the expression of identity cannot but be limited because he himself was hybrid in blood. Meanwhile, for Heaney, the expression of his own identity is seen in his concern about landscape, history and Gaelic language. His will to search for identity starts from the sense of dispossession, experiencing the Ulster Trouble. However he comes to recognize that they are hybridized. Despite this, his studious will to recreate identity has continued by accepting the hybridity. In brief, Yeats and Heaney are the poets who, moving beyond hybridity, wanted to make the new cultural identity or to complete 'discordia concors' in culture. My last conclusion is that Yeats and Heaney seek to expand the cultural identity by accepting the hybridity and heterogeneity of their culture, and that, however, their last convergence is to search for the essence of the Irish spirit- light, freedom and song.

This paper examines the ways in which Yeats constructs and idealizes his Anglo-Irish Identity. After bitter disputes over Synge's plays he realized the insoluble opposition between the Irish Catholic and the Anglo-Irish, which meant his failure to unify Ireland through his Celtic Romanticism. He needed to make a new poetics to justify his predicament and to form a new identity. He creates, in his essays and poems, the identity and tradition of the Anglo-Irish from Burke through Swift, Goldsmith, Parnell to Synge and Yeats, the intellectuals who tried to enlighten the native Irish people only to fail and be isolated from them. According to Yeats, the reason the Anglo-Irish intellectuals had to meet the same fate in Ireland is due to the ignorance and sectarian hate of native Catholic Irish people. Although the Anglo-Irish always become victims, their defeat is considered by Yeats to be inescapable and even worthier than success in the reality where ignorance prevails. This is the discourse of tragic heroism. Yeats constructed the identity that is based on the dichotomy between the few Anglo-Irish and the Irish people, by which he attributes culture to the one, and nature to the other. Here culture is supposed to be superior to nature and that sense of superiority rests on the ability to culturalize nature. Yeats connected the culture with breeding which means being cultivated by discipline and education. In writing, it was through his poetics of mask, what he called “the sense of style,” that he could overcome his rage and hate to the mass and futhermore transform them to the higher virtues such as reason, manners and beauty. As the poems dealing with the Anglo-Irish big house and the Thoor Ballylee show, in their tradition what they have inherited is a heroic spirit of overcoming and transforming the adversity each generation has faced. Some critics have asserted Yeats shows de-mystifying recognition when he reveals his ancestors' illicit and unjust violence to the native Irish in the past. But we have to note that it finally leads to justifying his Anglo-Irish violence, for he thought it had been transformed by their overcoming spirit and efforts into order and culture whereas the violence of the Irish mass resulted into disorder and chaos. David Lloyd's opinion needs to be reconsidered in this regard. He praised Yeats's de-mystifying insights in some later poems and asserted, borrowing Paul de Man's terms, his writing is allegorical rather than symbolic. But in the poems he cited Yeats seems to be more interested in heroicizing and idealizing his Anglo-Irish identity and tradition. Yeats's Anglo-Irish identity should be understood as an response to the changed reality and is formed by his peculiar writing or representation.

Architectural embodiment of a national identity has long been a significant topic in Korean architectural circles. For this reason, it must be helpful to examine the so-called, 'National Romanticism' of Finnish architecture around 1900 in that Finnish architects of the time struggled to embody their national identity through their projects. Considering the historical and linguistic affinities between Finland and Korea, the Finnish architectural situation draws . our additional attention. This paper aims at showing its historical background, the meaning of each type of buildings in the stream, and limitations it implies. The atmosphere of Finnish nationalist movement, which was provoked by [Kalevala] publications (1835; 1845) and shown in Karelianism, was heightened by Tsarist Empire's Russification programme of Finland in the late 19th century Architecture was one of the most important genres expressing her national identity. Finnish national romantic architecture could be divided into three. The first is a log house style for artists' studio house, motivated by the Finnish vernacular farmstead - especially by Karelian farmhouse. This type of building signifies the Finns' will to return to their motherly soil. The second is a stone architecture style for public buildings, inspired by Finnish church or castle of an early medieval time. By using roughly-cut granite as the main exterior material, buildings of this type symbolise the toughness of legendary heroes and Finns' desire for national Independence. The third type of building was based on both of the former or more dependent on architects' Imagination and creativity. However, Finnish national romantic architecture has been criticised by some critics owing to its decorative, eclectic and self-indulgent characteristics. Probably, it was not really national but rather inter-national because of the Influences of English Arts and Crafts Movement, the American Richardsonian architecture and the continental Art Nouveau. And the negative images of 'national' and 'romantic' made some historians coin other terms like 'national realism' or 'material realism'. As another limitation, one raises the low degree of its contribution to the entire architectural history. Despite these criticisms, however, this paper argues that Finnish national romantic architecture is meaningful in itself, particularly because it illustrates vividly Finns' struggle to search for their national identity and, after all, their craving for national independence.

This paper is trying to read the text with the current theory decolonialism. To this, The writer adopted the text Seamus Heaney's early poetry Death of a Naturalist. Seamus Heaney is known to be the most important poet since W. B. Yeats as a winner of Nobel Prize for Literature in 1995. I assume that a growing interest among readers reflects this prevailing enthusiasm for his work. His method and idea owe more to decolonial attitude more than that of naturalist or romantist. This seems to be an attractive factor to draw a reader's attention. In fact, his poetry has the proper qualities to absorb the devotees of 'decolonialism' still dominant in dealing with the poetry. Decolonialism as a literary theory is becoming an influential textual strategy rather than remaining as one of the academic master discourse. So far, the established textual reading theories have been closely related to logocentrism, and they failed to be acknowledge as objective way of reading. For this reason, the decolonialism has an important implication in the sense that it subverts the colonial ideology within the context of colonized society, and at the same time, reconstructs counter-discourse to find out self-identity and decolonized space. Meanwhile, Heaney have been witnessed historical moments of the death of his mother land, Ireland as well as of the Irish people, as the history of Ireland manifests. In doing so, the Irish people broke the cycle of imperial situation. The consciousness of them became consciousness of the nation. By way of this historical experience of authentic decolonization, Heaney's aesthetics became, more and more, politicized against the crisis which the repressive force of imperialism caused to occur. Under this traumatic disasters of Ireland, Heaney's poetic quest makes him and practical struggle against the colonial power in a poetic way. The main subject of his poetry is to find out his Irish identity with the past tradition and its continuity. The subject is linked with the question to find out the Celtic identity between the past and the present which is dominated by colonialism. To regard this, this paper analyses Heaney's text focusing on the decolonialism expressed by his poetry. I try to examine the process of his poetic writings and its attitude against English colonialism. To do this, My major interest is in his Celtic myth and language employed in his poetry. And I attempt to search for the true Irishness which Heaney makes every effort to materialize the reality of Ireland in his poetry. To conclude, the decolonial discourse and its textual strategy has an tactics and also has an important implications that lay bare the dominant ideology hidden by the seemingly impersonal intention of colonialism.

2000년대에 들어와서 강력하게 추진되고 있는 국내 학회와 학술지에 대한 평가는 학회와 학술지의 장래를 결정하게 되는데 여기에 대한 한국지구과학회의 대응과 그 결과를 제시하고 앞으로 지구과학이 어떤 방향으로 연구하고 교육해야 하는지를 토의해 보고자 한다. 2002년에 실시된 학술진흥재단 평가에서 한국지구과학회지가 우수하게 평가되어 학술진흥재단의 등재지로 선정되었으며, 한국지구과학회의 정체성을 결정하는 지구과학 학문 분류 (2002년도)가 학술진흥재단에 그대로 반영되었다. 그리고 2003년도부터 국가 학문 분류를 확정하기 위하여 KISTEP(한국과학기술기획평가원)에서 실시한 공청회와 의견 수렴에 적극적으로 참여하여 우리의 학문 분류 안을 관철시켰다. 그리고 2003년도 학술진흥재단학문분류를 위하여 지구과학분야의 학문 분류 안을 제출하였다. 앞으로도 학술지 평가와 학문 분류 조정이 계속적으로 이루어지기 때문에 지구과학의 정체성과 함께 지구과학의 학문 분류에 대하여 지속적으로 연구해야 할 것이다.