본 논문은 콘크리트 균열방향의 회전 및 철근의 항복에 따른 2차원 R/C 구조물의 극한거동 덴 한계상태설계에 관한 연구를 다룬 것으로, 유한요소모델에 적용하여 비선형 해석 및 한계상태설계가 가능한 수치 해석 및 설계 알고리즘을 소개하였다. 철근의 설계를 위하여, 각 유한요소의 극한거동에 기초한 한계상태설계방정식이 유한요소 알고리즘에 도입되었다. 한편, 하중에 따른 콘크리트 균열방향의 회전 및 철근의 항복을 고려한 2차원 R/C 평면요소의 단순화된 실용적 비선형 응력-변형률 거동의 구성관계모델을 제시하여 비선형 유한요소해석 알고리즘을 구성하였다 제시된 해석 모델을 R/C 전단벽의 실험모델과 비교하여 검증하도록 하였으며, R/C 전단벽에 대한 설계 예를 통하여, 각각의 유한요소에서 얻어진 설계 철근비를 한계상태설계방정식으로부터 산정하였다.

단감원에서의 농약 사용 실태를 2000년(62농가)과 2001년(17농가)에 단감 주산지인 진주, 사천, 창원, 창녕, 김해 등지에서 단감 재배 농가를 대상으로 설문과 방제력 수집을 통하여 조사하였다. 단감원의 년 평균 농약 살포 횟수는 2000년에 7.6회, 2001년에 7.7회였으며, 약제를 살포하는 농가의 비율은 일년 중에서 6월과 7월에 가장 높았다. 살포한 살균, 살충제의 종류는 2000년에는 각각 36종과 34종이었으며 2001년에는 각각 22종과 23종이었다. 최종 약제 살포시기는 9월 중순이 가장 많았다. 단감원에서 많이 사용하고 있는 살균제로는 2000년에는 mancozeb과 thiophanata-methyl, benomyl순이었으며, 2001년에는 lime sulfur와 benomyl, carbendazim순이었다. 살충제는 두 해 모두 deltamethrin, methidathion, fenitrothion순이었다. 사용한 약제가 단감이나 감에 고시되어있는 비율은 품목수 기준으로 50% 내외 이었다.

Membrane filtration systems have been focusing and increasing rapidly in the filed of drinking water treatment because of several reasons. We describe briefly the present state of membrane filtration processes for drinking water treatment in Japan: including background, objectives, membrane suppliers, and some cases of actual plants.

The state-of-art third generation wave prediction model WAM was applied to the Korean seas for a winter monsoon period of January 1997. The wind field used in the present study is the global NSCAT-ERS/NCEP blended winds, which was further interpolated using a bi-cubic spline interpolator to fine grid limited area shallow water regime surrounding the Korean seas. To evaluate and investigate the accuracy of WAM, the hindcasted wave heights are compared with observed data from two shallow water buoys off Chil-Bal and Duk-Juk. A detailed study has been carried with the various meteorological parameters in observed buoy data and its inter-dependency on model computed wave fields was also investigated. The RMS error between the observation and model computed wave heights results to 0.489 for Chil-Bal and 0.417 for Duk-Juk. A similar comparison between the observation and interpolated winds off Duk-Juk show RMS error of 2.28 which suggest a good estimate for wave modelling studies.

Objective: This study was conducted to develop Korean version of Modified Mini-Mental Status (3MS) Examination and to examine it’s validity and reliability in patients with brain injuries. Method: The 3MS was administered to 24 patients with brain injuries from Jan. 1 to Apr. 30 in 2001 at two university hospitals in Korea. The instruments used for evaluating validity and reliability of 3MS were Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Neurobehavioral Cognitive Status Examination (NCSE), and Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results: Test-retest reliability of 3MS was excellent (r=0.97), and Interitem correlation coefficients ranged from 0.49 to 1.00. The score changes between the two tests were not related with the gender, level of education, and the duration after the brain injury. When items of 3MS were compared with the items of NCSE to evaluate the construct validity, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.43 to 0.73. When the NCSE was used as a gold standard to evaluate cognitive dysfunction, optimal cutoff scores analyzed by the Receiver Operating Characteristic curves for 3MS and MMSE were 68 and 22, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of both 3MS and MMSE were the same at 80% and 89.5%, respectively. Conclusion: This study showed that the 3MS was a valid and reliable instrument to screen cognitive dysfunction in patients with brain injuries.

The effects of residual impurities on solid state sintering of the powder injection molded (PIMed) W-15wt%Cu nanocomposite powder were investigated. The W-Cu nanocomposite powder was produced by the mech-ano-chemical process consisting of high energy ball-milling and hydrogen reduction of W blue powder-cuO mixture. Solid state sintering of the powder compacts was conducted at for 2~10 h in hydrogen atmosphere. The den-sification of PIM specimen was slightly larger than that of PM(conventional PM specimen), being due to fast coalescence of aggregate in the PIM. The only difference between PIM and PM specimens was the amount of residual impurities. The carbon as a strong reduction agent effectively reduced residual W oxide in the PIM specimen. The formed by reduction of oxide disintegrated W-Cu aggregates during removal process, on the contrary to this, micropore volume rapidly decreased due to coalescence of the disintegrated W-Cu aggregates during evolution of CO.It can be concluded that the higher densification was due to the earlier occurred Cu phase spreading that was induced by effective removal of residual oxides by carbon.

Chinese character is forms of letters, which our ancestors first got access to and was the one and only letters in ancient East Asia. It was Korea where Chinese characters had spread its roots for the first time in the process of spreading to surrounding nations. And therefore, as a form of letters which was with the long history of the Korean race, it became the parent body of Korean language, and became Korean vocabulary itself. Today, we are living in the age where all it takes to write Chinese characters o computer is to just press the transfer key on the keyboard, even if you can`t accurate write the letter. The result of performing clinical testing in the fields of personal education apart from established system of education for around 8years by developing the drill sheets for the integrated study using the Chinese characters was that the abilities of the students grow. It was significantly proven that the student who had used Chinese letters since their elementary school years naturally stand out in language abilities in high school and tend to possess excellent ability in understanding the surrounding and creativeness. The 21st century is the age of intelligence informatization, and children today are the main leaders of the 21st century. Learning of Chinese characters through integrated study of the children whose brain would actively develop will be highlighted as a new genre of education.

The efects of mechanical aloying conditions and the type of reducing agent on the solid state reductionof haematite have been investigated at room temperature. Aluminium titanium zinc and copper were used as reducing agent. Nanocomposites of metal-oxide in which oxide particles with nano size were dispersed in Fe matrix were obtained by mechanical alloying of with aluminium and titanium respectively However the reduction of by coppe was not occurred Composite materials of iron with and were obtained from the system of and after ball milling for 20 hrs and 30 hrs respectively. And the system of resulted in the formationof FeO with ZnO after ball milling of 120 hrs. The final grain sizes of iron estimated by X-ray diffraction line-width measurement were in the ranges of 24~33 nm.

Whether a ship is sub-standard or not shall be finally decided by the minimum standards laid down in international conventions or national standards having the same effects. The flag State is primarily responsible for implementing these standards as far as its own ships are concerned. And the port State shall, in the exercise of its rights under international law, take appropriate measures (including detention of ships identified as sub-standard), which are regarded as port State's supplementary role aiming at implementing these standards. The international standards are implemented by the regional co-operation in the form of the MOU(Memorandum of Understanding) on Port State Control in the Asia-Pacific Region on the ground that the PSC enforcement of only one country does not enable the eradication of sub-standard ships. Recently, EQUASIS which is an international database covering the whole world fleet change the regionalism of PSC into the globalization of PSC. However, there are many problems in Tokyo MOV and Korean PSC regime. In order to ensure the implementation of the standards laid down in international conventions and Tokyo MOU, the Korean and other country in Asia-Pacific shall settle the alienation from the actuality of the law, namely the problem of maritime administrative structure of non unifying PSC affairs.

인간의 적응적인 마음상태는 긍정적/부정적 사고의 상호작용에서 자기 고양적인 방향으로 편향된 비대칭성을 가정한다. 본 논문에서는 긍정적/부정적 인지, 정서의 균형에 대한 심리 수학적 모형인 SOM 모형을 감성판단 영역에 적용하여 보았다. ,iOM 모형은 개인이 긍정적, 부정적 감성의 이분법적 판단에 있어서 평균적으로 6B의 비율을 유지한다고 제안하며, 이러한 비율은 고대수학의 .6)0 ,.182의 황금분할비와 일치하는 것이다. 32명의 일반성인을 대상으로 한 분석결과, 긍정적/부정적 감성단어에 대한 자기 관련성 평정의 SOM 비율은 .62(SD=.On)로 나타났으며, 우연회상 과제수행의 SOM 비율은 .18(SD=.34)로 이론적 기준과 유사하게 나타났다. 또한 상관분석에서 개인의 10M 비율은 긍정적/부정적 감성단어에 대한 평정과도 유의미한 상관관계를 지니고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 인지적 균형비의 의미와 감성과학 분야의 적용 가능성에 대해 제안하였다.

The present study invesrigates the current state of English education/research institutes belonging to four-year universities in Korea. Out of 102 institutes that are currently being operated in 167 universities, 67 institutes responded the survey questionnaire. The survey revealed that the universities established foreign-language education institutes to help students meet the challenge of the internationalization era, many of which establisheà in the 1990s. Most of the institutes, however, were small in their size and focusing on short-term profit-making programs, neglecting research on foreign language education. The paper suggests that the institutes should strive to develop good program, improve its research efforts, and networking among similar institutes in different universities.