To investigate the protective action of various antioxidants on the photooxidation of rice bran oil, it was irradiated with red and visible light in presence and absence antioxidants with or without sensitizer (methylene blue). 1. Rice bran oil with and without sensitizer in chloroform-ethanol (4:1, v/v) media was largely oxidized under visible light irradiation. on the other hand, rice bran oil without sensitizer was hardly oxidized under red light irradiation. 2. Rice bran oil with sensitizer was oxidized much faster than that without. And the absorbance of it irradiated with visible was increased more than that with red light. 3. The effectiveness of antioxidants on the rice bran oil photooxidation was same order as follows: Irradiation with visible light, no addition of sensitizer β-carotene 〉 dl-α-tocopherol 〉 BHT 〉 BHA Irradiation with visible light, addition of sensitizer β-carotene 〉 BHT 〉 dl-αtocopherol 〉 BHA Irradiation with red light, addition of sensitizer β-carotene 〉 BHA 〉 BHT 〉 dl-α-tocopherol From these results, we concluded that rice bran oil was largely oxidized under visible light irradiation, therefore it must be protected from photooxidative deterioration by the addition of antioxidants.

The effects of procedures for preparation of fatty acid methyl esters for gas chromatography were investigated. A quantitative comparison of four procedures for the preparation of the fatty acid methyl esters from Korean sesame seed lipids which can be representative of fatty acid ranges of Korean vegetable oils has been made. The procedures employed were BF3-methanol, HCI-methanol, sodium methoxide-methanol, and tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol. Twelve fatty acids ranged from 14:0 to 24:0 were identified in the lipids from Korean white and black sesame seeds. All four procedures gave similar results for the fatty acids, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, 18:2, and 18:3 present in the range of 1~44% but only in the HCI-methanol procedure, the fatty acids, 16:1, 20:0, 22:0, 24:0 present in the range of 0.02~1% showed the lowest values. When using tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol procedure for determination of total fatty acid composition from white and black sesame seed lipids, unsaponifiable matters including sesamol, sesamolin and sesamin present in the seed lipids are not removed from the resulting reaction mixture. Thus the transesterification mixture is used without further treatment for injection into the gas chromatography. However, the gas chromatographic analysis of the transesterification mixture showed that the unsaponifiable matters had no effect on the fatty acid composition of the seed lipids. From the results, it appears that the BF3-methanol, sodium methoxide-methanol and tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol procedures can be used to prepare fatty acid methyl esters from Korean vegetable oils. Among the methods, the tetramethylammonium hydroxide-methanol procedure, which give total fatty acid composition, glyceride fatty acid composition and composition of free fatty acids present, appears to be a simple, convenient and quantitative procedure and applicable to samples containing broad ranges of fatty acids.

This experiment is carried out to study influence of vitamin B6 on serum lipids of rat fed with oxidized oil by heat. The experimental animals use 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 100 ± 2g. They are divided into 5 groups and fed to experimental diets which are added to 10%, 15%, 20% oxidized oil by heat in addition to 0.01%, 0.04%, 0.06% vitamin B6. Oxidized oil by heat is prepared from the soybean oil by heating at 180℃ for 50 hours. After feeding for 4 weeks, lipid concentrations of sera are as follows; 1. Body weights are higher in experimental diet groups than control diet group. 2. Liver weights are higher in experimental diet groups than control diet group, but spleen weights are lower in experimental diet groups than control diet group. 3. The contents of serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol are lower in experimental diet groups than control diet group. 4. The contents of serum triglyceride are significantly higher in experimental diet groups than control diet group. 5. The contents of serum phospholipid are lower in experimental diet groups than control diet group.

This experiment is carried out to study effect of choline-deficient diet on serum and liver lipid contents of male rats. The experimental animals use 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing about 100±3g. They are classified into 7 groups and fed to experimental diets which are composed of 0.8% choline-supplement of deficient diets in addition to 14% corn oil, 14% corn margarine and 14% lipids mixed with 4% corn oil and 10% corn margarine, respectively. After feeding for 4 weeks, I measure lipid concentration of serum and liver, and the result are as follows. 1. The choline-deficient diet group decreases slightly the rates of weight gain and feed efficiency as compared with those of the choline-supplement diet group, but increases liver weight. 2. The choline-dificient diet group decreases the serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol, HDL-choelsterol, VLDL, LDL-cholesterol and phospholipid (PL), but increases the contents of triglyceride and the ratios of cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and triglyceride/PL, and indicates no remarkable-difference in the ratio of TC/PL. 3. As compared with the choline-supplement diet group, the choline-deficient diet group contains the higher liver contents of total lipids, free cholesterol and triglyceride, and gives little difference in the liver contents of total cholesterol and phospholipid(PL), and presents the higher ratios of VLDL, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol and TG/PL in the liver.4. In the choline-deficient diet group, the coutents of serum and liver lipid is not influenced by the kind of dietary fat. On the other hand, the choline-supplemented diet group indicates a significantly lower content of phospholipid in the corn margarine-added diet group than in the corn oil-added diet group. As aforementioned results, I think that the choline-deficient diet induces fatty liver in male rats without relation to kind of fatty acid, and cholines-upplement diet with saturated fatty acid makes the more decrease of liver phospholipid than that with polyunsaturated fatty acid.

The transesterification reaction between diethanolamine and methyl-methacrylate was kinetically investigated in the presence of various metal acetate catalysts at 120℃. The quantity of methylmethacrylate reacted in the reaction flask was measured by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, and the reaction rate was investigated by measuring of the quantity of products and reactnts under various catalysts. The transesterification reaction was carried out in the first order reaction kinetics with respect to the concentration of diethanolamine and methylmethacrylate, respectively. The apparent rate constant was found to obey first-order kinetics with respect to the concentration of catalyst. The linear relationship was shown between apparent rate constant and reciprocal absolute temperature, and by the Arrhenius plot, the activation energy has been calculated as 11.08 Kcal with zinc acetate catalyst, 17.99 Kcal without catalyst. The maximum reaction rate was appeared at the range of 1.4 to 1.6 of electronegativity of metal ions and instability constant of metal acetates.

자동산화유의 독성을 구명하기 위하여 autoxidized methyl linoleate(AOML)의 일정량을 mouse에 1 일 1 회 20 일간 경구 투여하여 혈청 및 간의 지질대사에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 실험군의 혈청 TBA값과 혈청 triglyceride, phospholipid 및 total cholesterol양은 정상군에 비해 모두 증가되었으며, 전기영동 결과 혈청 lipoprotein의 조성 백분율은 albumin이 약 21% 증가된 반면, VLDL은 약 70% 그리고 LDL은 약 33% 감소되어 있었다. 실험군의 간에서의 POV, COV 및 TBA값은 모두 정상군에 비해 크게 증가하였으며, 또한 간의 triglyceride, phospholipid 및 total cholesteroldml 양도 증가하는 경향을 나타내고 있었다. 한편, 실험군의 간에서의 형태학적 변화로는 정상군에 비해 간세포의 손상과 지질의 축적이 관찰 되었다.

The sulfuric acid sulfonation of 2-aminonaphthalene was preformed at 30℃~200℃ for 1~15 hours, using 4~10 parts of 90% sulfuric acid~20% oleum. This reaction was influenced by many factory such as reaction temperature, reaction time, strength of sulfuric acid and amount of sulfuric acid and among these factors, the effect of the reaction temperature was considerable. The main products of this reaction were Dahl's acid (2-aminonaphthalene-5-sulfonic acid, Broenner's-acid (2-aminonaphthalene-6-sulfonic acid), amnio-F-acid(2-aminonapthalene-7-sulfonic acid), and Baden acid (2-aminonaphthalene-7-sulfonic acid) and another isomers such as Tobia's acid (2-aminonaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid) and 2-aminonaphthalene-4-sulfonic acid were not formed. Of these isomeric acids, those containing the sulfonic acid group in an α-position, namely, Dahl's acid and Baden acid, are simultaneously formed by sulfonation at low-temperature (30~100℃), whilst those containing the sulfonic acid group in a β-position, namely, Broenner's acid and amino-F-acid, are formed simultaneously by sulfonation at high temperatures(150˚~200˚).

The sulfuric acid sulfonation mixtures of 2-aminonaphthalene, contained 2-aminonaphthalene, Dahl's acid, Broenner's acid, amino-F-acid and Baden acid, can be determined quantitatively by multicomponent spectrophotometric analysis. The analysis was performed in diluted sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and based on the ultraviolet absorption of the sodium salts of each isomers. The determination of quantity of each isomers was performed by subjection the absorbances of the unknown mixture and of its constituents, gathered at a large number of wavelengths, to a least square treatment by an electronic personer computer. This method provided a rapid analysis of such complex mixture, and the standard deviation was ±1.65 mole %.

Compositional and quantitative changes of 4-desmethylsterols in soybean (Glycine max. cv. Gangrim) seed and pod at six stages of development from flowering were investigated. The content of 4-desmethyl-, 4-monomethyl- and 4,4-dimethylsterols in developing soybean seed and pod was found to vary between 0.16-0.35, 0.04-0.12 and 0.04-0.06%, respectively. The predominating 4-desmethylsterols were sitosterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. The proportion of sitosterol in seed decreased to 57.0% with maturation, while in pod increased up to 88.7%. △7,22,25 Stigmastatrienol estimated 7.5% was detected in the fully mature seed.

The purpose of this study was to find the effect of dietary polyunsaturated fat on of vitamin levels E, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in serum of Spraque-Dawley male rats. Experimental rats were fed for 4 weeks with corn oil, perilla oil, lard at a level of 10% and 20% respectively. The results obtained are as follows; 1. Body weight gains were similar to all groups and food intake was significantly lower in all experimental diet groups than control diet group, especially 20% corn oil diet group was the lowest among the experimental diet groups. 2. Vitamin E levels in serum were significantly lower in 20% corn oil and 10%, 20% perilla oil diets groups than control diet group. 3. Serum total cholesterol levels were significantly higher in 20% perilla oil diet group which was significantly lower in vitamin E level than control diet group, and serum total cholesterol levels of 10%, 20% lard diets groups were significantly higher than control diet group. 4. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in 20% perilla oil diet group which was significantly lower in vitamin E level than control diet group, and serum HDL-cholesterol levels of 10%, 20% lard diets groups also were significantly lower than control diet group.

Pteridium sp.의 농축추출액(濃縮抽出液)을 흰쥐에게 7주간(週間) 주입(注入)하여 혈청지질(血淸脂質)과 지질과산물(脂質過酸物) 및 간조직지질과산물(肝組織脂質過酸化物)의 변화(變化)를 분석(分析)하여 다음의 결과(結果)를 득(得)했다. 7주(週)의 혈청중성지방양(血淸中性脂肪量)은 비교군(比較群)이나, 제(第)3주(週)의 1, 2 군(群)의 그것보다 크게 많이 증가(增加)했다. 혈청체난지방(血淸遞難脂肪) 및 혈청주산화물(血淸週酸化物)(T-BA 치(値))양(量)은 각군별(各群別) 및 3주(週), 7주(週) 연령간(年令間)에 별(別) 변화차(變化差)가 없었다. 간조치(肝組熾)의 지질주산화물(脂質週酸化物)(TBA) 7주연령(週年令)이 3주(週)에 비(比)하여 크게 증가(增加)하였다. 단(但), 1, 2 군간(群間)의 차(差)는 크지 않았다. 여기서 이 추출물(抽出物) 또는 그 식품(食品)의 섭취(攝取)가 주량(週量)으로 장기간(長期間) 계속되지 않는 한(限) 생체(生體) 미치는 영향은 거의 없는 것으로 사료(思料)됨

The effect of 60Co are discussed with regard to radiochemical destruction detergent. The study deals specifically with the effect gamma radiation from 60Co source upon aquous solution of detergent. Test on biodegradation of A B S (solium alkyl benzene sulfonate) under the waste-water prior to the detergent conversion to biodegradable surfactants. The reason for removal of A B S was their extreme environmental stability and the associateo appearance of foam in waste water treatment plants. Although the A B S are considered biodegradable the time required for biodegradation in practical with the present environmental guidelines

Four amphoteric surfactants, 1-(N-alkyl-N,N-dimethyl ammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonates, were prepared by the alkylation of 1-(N,N-dimethylamino)-4,naphthalene sulfonic acid with chloroalkanes such as 1-decylchloride, 1-tetradecyl chloride and 1-hexadecyl chloride. These quaternary ammonium compounds such as 1-(N-decyl-N, N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate, 1-(N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate, 1-(N-tetradecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate and 1-(N-hexadecyl-N,N-dimethylammonio)-4-naphthalene sulfonate could be separated by means of thin layes chromatography and column chromatography. The surface chemical properties such as surface tension, foaming power, foam stability, wetting efficiency and solubilizing effect for these four compounds were measured. Also critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic balance(HLB) were evaluated. These compounds showed good surface as O/W type emulsifying agent and detergent.

1-(carboxyalkyl) trimethyl ammonium chlorides such as 1-(carboxyundecyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride and 1-(carboxytridecyl) trimethyiammonium chloride were synthesized by the reaction of α-bromoalkanoic acid with trimethyl amine hydrochloride. In other hand, (carboxymethyl) alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides such as (carboxymethyl) dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride and (carboxymethyl) tetradecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride were synthesized by the reaction of alkyl dimethylamine with sodium chloroacetate. The four kinds of alky carboxy betaine such as 2-(trimethylammonio) dodecanoate, 2-(trimethyl ammonio) tetradecanoate, (dodecyl dimethylammonio) ethanoate and (tetradecyl dimethyl ammonio) ethanoate were prepared from 1-(carboxyalkyl) trimethyl ammonium chlorides or (carboxymethy1) alkyl dimethyl ammonium chlorides. The surface activities including surface tension, emulsifying power, foaming power, foam stability, deflocculating effect, effectiveness of wettability and solubilizing effect were measured and also critical micelle concentration and hydrophilic-lipophilic. balance(HLB) were evaluated. These carboxy betaines show good surface activities as O/W type emulsifing agent and detergent.

The purpose of the study was to find an effect of Medium Chain Triglycerids (MCT) diet on cholesterol metabolism in rat. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed two different diets containing MCT(trioctanoate) and corn oil respectively. After feeding to each group for four weeks, the levels of serum and liver cholesterol, the excretion rates of fecal and biliary steroids, and also bile acid composition were investigated. The results obtained from the study are as follows : (1) The average body weight gain in MCT group was almost same as that in the corn oil group. (2) The concentration of serum cholesterol in MCT group was lower than that in the corn oil group. Therefore it is confirmed that the cholesterol lowing action of MCT diet was practically high. (3) The concentrations of liver cholesterol and Triglyceride in MCT group were almost same as that in the corn oil group. Therefore it is thought that the level of liver lipids was not influenced by the difference of diet in this study. (4) The excretion rate of fecal neutral steroid in MCT group was significantly lower than that in the corn oil group, while the rate of fecal bile acid excretion was about same in both MCT and corn oil group. (5) The composition rates of fecal bile acid such as cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid, a secondary acid of cholic acid, in MCT group were significantly lower than that in the corn oil group. (6) The excretion rates of biliary cholesterol and bile acid in MCT group were significantly higher than that in the corn oil group, while the composition rates of biliary bile acid such as chenoddeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid in MCT group were significantly higher than that in the corn oil group.

1.2-bis(aminoacyl)hydrazine derivatives and dipeptides were synthesized by conventional peptide synthesis procedures. Their antioxidant activity were inverstigated by over-storage test using corn oil as substrte. 1.2-bis (aminoacyl) hydrazine derivatives and dipetides containing hydrophobic side chain amino acid showed higher antioxidant activity. A free N-terminal amino group was also found to be important for the appearance of antioxidant activity. 1.2-bis (aminoacyl) hydrazine derivatives showed higher antioxidant activity than dipeptides. Antimicrobial activites of dipeptides and 1.2-bis (aminoacyl) hydrazine derivatives were also examined by the paper disc method. All of these compounds had shown no antimicrobial activity.

The antioxidant activity of petroleum ether extract of Panax ginseng roots in the oxidation of mixed methyl esters of unsaturated fatty acids(MEUFA) was investigated in vitro. The petroleum ether extract of panax ginseng roots showed the antioxidant activity and inhibited the weight gain in the autoxidation of MEUFA. And the induction periods in the autoxidation of MEUFA were related to te addition concentrations of petroleum ether extact. The antioxidant effect of petroleum ether extract on the autoxidation of MEUFA was caused by the protective formation of lipid peroxides and carbonyl compounds. From the results obtained, it was confirmed that petroleum ether extract of panax ginseng roots contained antioxidant substances.

The composition of fatty acid and amino acid for Seong-ge-al(sea urchin) were analysed by the automatic analyser. There are two kind of samples such as raw and saited, fermented one. The results obtained are as follows. 1. In the general composition, crude protein, crude lipid and ash as 15.8%, 3.5% and 2.2%, respectively. The raw sample showed pH 5.6 value. 2. In case of amino acid, it contained 17 different kind of amino acids. Among them, a lot of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, arginine, glycine and valine were contained. 3. In case of fermentation period, threonine, histidine, lysine and arginine were increased a little bit. 4. In case of fatty acid, it contained 13 different kind of fatty acids. Among them, a lot of palmitic acid, behnic acid, linoleic acid and arachidonic acid were contained.

Several authors reported that vegetable proteins cause to decrease serum cholesterol and reported the effect of limiting amino acid balance in dietary protein on the blood component. This study was designed to observe growth rate and blood component in 1% cholesterol-fed male rats intake pure isolated soy proteins and methionine for 4 weeks. The diets were supplemented with either 20% casein or isolated soy protein as dietary protein sources and methionine as limiting amino acid of isolated soy protein and casein protein. The results were as follows; 1) The body weight gain was the greatest in casein groups. 2) Serum total cholesterol concentration was significantly increased by casein groups and slightly decreased by isolated soy protein groups. 3) Serum HDL-cholesterol concentration was significantly increased by isolated soy protein groups than control group. 4) Serum total lipid and triglyceride concentrations were significantly decreased by isolated soy protein groups than control group. 5) Serum glucose concentration was significantly increased by isolated soy protein plus 0.8% methionine than control group. 6) Serum total protein and albumin concentrations were significantly increased by all experimental diets groups than control group. Especially, casein groups were the most increased in all experimental diets groups.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of garlic diet on blood coagulation in cholesterol-fed rats. 36 male rats were divided into six groups and fed experimental diet for three weeks. Two-levels (2% and 4%) of fresh and boiled garlic were supplemented to the stock diet with 2% cholesterol and 0.25% bile salt for the experimental diet. After the rats fed with experimental diets during 3 weeks, the whole blood coagulation time, the content of plasma fibrinogen, the fibrinolytic activity and the prothrombin time were measured. The results are summarized as follows; 1. Garlic diet have no influence on body weight and food consumption in rats. 2. In the case of cholesterol-fed group, the whole blood coagulation time was decreased 24.3% compared with the normal group(A). But garlic diet group(C) was similar to the normal group(A) and groupD-F was increased 4.9-11.5%. 3. The content of plasma fibrinogen of cholesterol-fed group was higher 114.5% than that of normal gropu(A). In the garlic diets(C-F) the contents of plasma fibrinogen were increased 33.1-63.8%. 4. The fibrinolytic activity of cholesterol diet was decreased 16.2% compared with the normal group(A) but was increased 10.9-44.5% compared to the garlic diets(C-F). 5. The prothrombin time of cholesterol-fed group was decreased 8.9% compared with normal group(A) but was increased 8.0-46.3% in garlic diets(C-F). As mentioned above, the garlic diets increased whole blood coagulation time, prothrombin time and fibrinolytic activity and decreased the content of fibrinogen. For that reason it is thought that the garlic diets have a anticoagulation effect regulating the fibrinogen synthesis in liver.