The purpose of this study is to identify differences in the Systemic reaction, Vertical jump and Side step of Judo, Taekwondo, Kendo elite athletes The Total Health Promotion Plan was used to measure systemic reactions, vertical jump and side steps. In the results of the study, systemic reaction was significantly different between Judo player and Taekwondo player (p<0.05). Vertical jump did not differ between groups. Side step was significantly different between Kendo player, Judo player, Judo player and Taekwondo player, Taekwondo player and Kendo player (p<0.05). This study suggests that systemic reaction, vertical jump and side step are different for each sport.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of incentive spirometry and Ujjayi breathing technique on the pulmonary function of smokers. Subjects were individuals who had a smoking habit of at least a year. Subjects were randomly divided into 3 groups: the incentive spirometry group (n=8), Ujjayi breathing technique (n=9), and a group applying both incentive spirometry as well as Ujjayi breathing technique (n=8). Each intervention was performed twice a day, 5 times a week, for a total of 8 weeks whereupon the change in pulmonary function was evaluated. A spirometer was used to measure FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC. The survey used for this study included the Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND) and the Shortness of Breath Questionnaire (SOBQ). Study results for the comparison within groups showed that in the group that performed both the incentive spirometry and Ujjayi breathing technique, FEV1 improved with statistical significance (p<.05). Furthermore, within this comparison the FEV1/FVC improved with statistical significance. Comparison amongst the groups showed no statistically significant differences in all areas. Following, to effectively increase pulmonary function in young adult smokers, both incentive spirometry and Ujjayi breathing technique should be employed together.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of foot position adjuster on body alignment and weight loads in chronic stroke patients. The subjects were 15 chronic stroke patients who were admitted to KHospital in Daegu, South Korea. The study compared the body alignment and weight load changes on flat ground with the foot position adjuster using Foot scan and Dartfish video analysis software. In the results of this study, posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS) alignment decreased significantly after use of the foot position adjuster and center pressure was significantly increased after use of the foot position adjuster. This study suggests that foot position adjuster influences body alignment and weight distribution.

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of shoulder stabilization exercises and stretching on shoulder height and muscle activity in young adults with rounded shoulder posture. The subjects were young adults with rounded shoulder posture, and divided into two groups: shoulder stabilization exercises and stretching exercises. The shoulder stabilization exercise group performed Thera band exercises and stretching exercises. The stretching exercise group performed stretching exercises. The groups performed the exercises for 40min, three times a week for four weeks. Shoulder height was measure by Vanier calipers and muscle activity was measured by electromyography. Shoulder height was significantly decreased in both groups after intervention, however there was no difference between groups. There was a significant difference in muscle activity between the two groups after the intervention, however there was no difference between the groups. This study suggests that shoulder stabilization exercise and stretching affect shoulder height and muscle activity.

Purpose of this study is to describe the treatment, surgery, rehabilitation and return to daily life subject pectoralis major muscle rupture. The in patient with was a 26 years old, injured in training due to hyperextension and external rotation. Physical examination, manual test, and MRI were used to diagnose pectoral muscle rupture and operation took for the pectoralis major muscle rupture with allograft. The subject was referred for rehabilitation from 3 weeks. Range of motion (ROM) exercise was mainly performed until 3 months, strength was performed with tubing band, body weight, machine training and proprioceptive exercise. Shoulder range of motion (external rotation, flexion) were measured with goniometer and muscle strength (flexion, adduction, internal rotation) were measured with dynamometer. At 6momths, external rotation ROM was 50° (unaffected side 60°), and flexion almost recovered at 3 months. Muscle strength was gradually increased to 6.2kg, 15.7kg, and 27.0kg in flexion, while internal rotation The pain remained slightly after 9 months. The present results suggest that ROM exercise and strengthening exercise increase the muscle power and ROM, and decrease the pain.

This study investigated the effects of myofascial release therapy and massage on upper trapezius myalgia and sleep quality in 60 female and male individuals employed at casinos between the ages of 20-49. Subjects were divided into three groups: a myofascial release therapy group (n=20), a massage group (n=20), and a control group (n=20). Each intervention lasted 15 minutes and was performed 4 times a week for 4 weeks. Pain was significantly decreased after the application of myofascial release therapy and massage (p<.05), however slightly increased in the control group, and myofascial release therapy reduced pain a little more than massage. Sleep quality was also significantly increased by myofascial release and mass (p<.05), however only slightly in the control group. The findings of this study suggest that myofascial release therapy and massage are effective in improving upper trapezius myalgia and sleep quality in casino employees.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of fatigue and stress in seafarers. Ninety healthy adults were recruited and cumulative fatigue, stress index and stress resistance of seafarers were measured using autonomic nervous system analysis device (SA-6000; Medicoa Co. Ltd. Korea). The stress index had a significant correlation with the degree of resistance (p<.01). Cumulative fatigue and the stress index had a strong positive correlation (r=.781) with the stress resistance, cumulative fatigue had a strong negative correlation (r=.782) (p<0.01). Furthermore, the stress index had a strong negative correlation with the degree of resistance (r=.924) (p<.01). The present study indicate that there are significant correlation between the cumulative fatigue and stress index, cumulative fatigue and stress resistance, as well as stress index and stress resistance in the seafarers (p<.01).

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of task-oriented training on the self-esteem and activities of daily living for children Down syndrome. ABA single case research design was applied to this study. Study subjects were instructed to perform task oriented training by wearing weighted vest 12 times in total at the rate of 2 times a week and for 40 minutes each during the intervention, and self-esteem and activities of daily living were measured 3 times in total at the baseline, intervention line and the 2nd baseline stages. There was statistically significant differences in total Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and activities of daily living scores in accordance with the baseline, intervention line, the 2nd baseline stages (p<.05). This study suggests that task-oriented training by wearing weighted vest improve the total Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory and activities of daily living scores in children with Down’s syndrome.

The objective of this study was to examine the changes in reaction velocity and visual perception between genders participating in driving simulator training. Driving simulator training was performed on 46 adults (male: 20, female: 26) twice a week, 20 minutes per time, 8 times for a month. The results showed that after driving simulator training was significantly more effective for males than females (p<.01). Additionally, the difference in visual perception was also larger in males than in females and it was significantly more effective in males than females (p<.01). This study is expected to contribute to the understanding of differences in reaction velocity and visual perception between adults and handicapped persons of the same gender. The results of this study will also provide a guideline for driving rehabilitation education for handicapped persons in our society and, thereby, help implement driving rehabilitation training systematically.

The purpose of this study was to create canine skeleton modeling files (obj., STL., etc.)for more accurate canine kinesiology and physical rehabilitation. Firstly, 3-dimensiona (3D) scanning on real naturally passed away dog bones and handling with additional reverse engineering process were conducted. This study indicated that the final modeling files could contribute to improve initial movements of canine rehabilitation or academic filed of kinesiology in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to measure the mean peak mobilization forces to the lumbar spine 1-3 with grade III and grade IV of posteroanterior (PA) mobilization. Twenty subjects with no history of Lumbar back pain (LBP) (10 female, 10 male) with a mean age of 24.1 years (SD = 6.0) were recruited for the study and PA mobilization were performed in each spine and the therapist took approximately 2.5s to complete mobilization. In the results, applied grade IV force showed no different according to each segment in LS1, LS2, LS3, however, there are distinct differences between LS1 and LS2, LS1 and LS3 during mobilization with grade III force. This study suggested that the mean peak force of the grade III and grade IV mobilization in the L1-L3 was almost similar each other.

The purpose of this study was to measure the mean peak mobilization forces to the cervical spine 3-5 with grade III and grade IV of posteroanterior (PA) mobilization. Asymptomatic 25 college subjects were participated in the trial and eligible physical therapists performed cervical mobilization. The mean peak mobilization force was measured during the PA mobilization with grade III and grade IV by attaching a flexible force transducer over the C3-C5 spinous process. Three cycles of PA mobilization were performed in each spine and the therapist took approximately 2.5s to complete mobilization. After applying the grade III mobilization to the C3-C5, 30 minutes later, the grade IV mobilization was applied to the same area again. There were no significant differences between C3, C4 and C5 during grade III as well as grade IV. Upon comparing the mean peak force of grade III with mean peak force of grade IV at the C3, C4 and C5 respectively, an insignificant difference was also observed. The mean peak mobilization force was 4.53±1.79 N at the C3, 5.10±1.91 N at the C4, and 5.17±2.63 N at the C5 during grade III force was applied. The mean peak mobilization force was 4.40±1.56 N at the C3, 5.53±2.01 N at the C4, and 5.38± 2.73 N at the C5 during grade IV force was applied. This study suggested that the mean peak force of the grade III and grade IV mobilization in the C3-C5 was similar each other, also there was no difference between mean peak force of grade III and grade IV on C3, C4 and C5.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of squat exercises with an upper limb resistance movement on the vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, and gluteus maximus. This study recruited 16 healthy men. All subjects performed squat exercises with and without upper Limb resistance movements by using elastic tubing band. Electromyography (EMG) activity of the vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, and gluteus maximus was recorded using a surface EMG system during these isometric squat exercises in both experimental conditions. The different muscle activation of the vastus medialis oblique, vastus lateralis, and gluteus maximus between the squat exercises with and without the upper limb resistance movement was analyzed using a paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed rank test. Our findings showed that the vastus medialis oblique, vastus medialis oblique/vastus lateralis ratio and gluteus maximus muscle activity was significantly increased during the squat exercise with upper limb resistance movements, as compared to the squat exercise without this component (p < .05). Based on our findings, the additional upper limb resistance movement may be a useful strategy to facilitate the vastus medialis oblique and gluteus maximus muscle activation during a squat exercise.

The main focus of this study was to create canine skeleton modeling files and real-world structures for canine kinesiology and physical rehabilitation education. Firstly, 3-dimensional (3D) modeling was conducted with additional reverse engineering process, and then directly fabricated the files. In other way, we made multi-joint based canine structure using conventional corrugate tube. This study indicated that the final real-world structures could contribute to improve initial movements of canine rehabilitation or academic filed of kinesiology in Korea.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the thoracic spine manipulation on spinal alignment (Cobb angle), pain, and trunk range of motion (ROM) in a patient with mild thoracic scoliosis. The Cobb angle was 11.0° and there was a right deviation of the thoracic spine. The subject had thoracic and lumbar pain, and had felt stiffness during turning of the trunk for about 3 years. Thoracic manipulation was applied at the upper thoracic spine as a therapeutic intervention three times per week for 5 weeks. After intervention, the Cobb angle decreased from 11.0° to 5.5° and the pain score decreased from 4.0 to 1.5, and the trunk left rotation ROM increased from 30.0° to 41.5°, and trunk right rotation ROM increased from 26.0° to 39.0°. These results suggest that the thrust thoracic manipulation technique had a positive effect on the spinal alignment, pain and trunk rotation ROM in patients with mild scoliosis.

테러리스트의 급진화와 관련해서 이들이 교도소에서 다른 수용자들에 대한 급진화를 양산한다는 문제점이 오래전부터 제기되어왔다. 교도소가 테러리스트들에 의한 급진화로 다른 수용자들을 테러리스트로 극단화하 는 전향을 위한 최적의 장소의 역할을 한다는 점이다. 특히 이슬람 극단 주의의 지하디즘의 영향력이 미국과 유럽 등에서 자국민 테러리스트로 연결되고 있다는 문제들로 인해 교도소 내의 극단주의 급진화에 대한 우 려가 더욱 커지고 있다. 그러나 이에 관한 주제에 대한 과학적이고 개관 적인 학문적 연구는 아직까지 매우 부진하다. 교도소 내의 테러리즘 급 진화의 실체, 관련 위험요인 등을 객관적으로 파악하여 정책적 대안을 수립하고 관련 실무자들과 학자들의 이해를 높일 필요가 절실히 요구된 다. 이 같은 연구의 필요성에 따라 이 연구는 테러리스트를 일반 교도소 에 수용하는 양형과 관련된 내용을 미국의 법률을 중심으로 간략히 소개 하고, 교도소 내의 테러리스트의 특성과 일반범죄자와의 차이점, 급진화 와 관련된 교도소 내 위험성, 그리고 급진화를 통한 교도소 내의 테러리 스트 모집과 관련된 이론적 모델 등에 대해 논의하였다.

이슬람 극단주의 테러리즘은 북미와 유럽, 동남아시아 등을 포함하여 보다 광범위한 지역에서 일상화되고 있다. 핵무장에 기인한 북한의 자신 감 상승은 북한 발 테러로 이어질 개연성이 있다. 이밖에도 미국 라스베 가스 총기공격 사건에서 알 수 있는 것처럼 특정한 정치, 사회, 종교적 동기를 갖지 않은 불특정 개인에 의한 폭력적 테러공격이 감행될 소지가 있다. 국내 테러공격의 위험성이 이처럼 증가하는 상황에서 현재 테러방 지법상에서 제시하고 있는 현행 테러경보체계를 살펴보고 그 한계점을 평가하고 발전방안을 제시하는 것은 의미 있는 일이 될 수 있다. 이 논 문은 이러한 취지하에 테러경보체계와 관련된 테러방지법의 내용을 살펴 보고 그 현행 작동방식과 체계를 평가하며, 그 한계점을 논의하고, 이를 바탕으로 제안점을 제시하는 내용들을 담고 있다. 특히 여기서는 테러경 보체계의 역량과 역사가 가장 잘 축적되어 있는 미국의 경험을 바탕으로 국내테러경보체계를 평가하고 시사점을 도출할 것이다. 미국의 사례를 살펴봄으로서 이 논문은 국내 테러경보체계의 현실 적용성을 높이는데 기여할 수 있기를 기대한다.

자율주행자동차 기술은 급속도로 발전하고 있어 그 상용화가 멀지 않 은 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 많은 기업이 2030년 이후에는 완전한 자율주 행자동차를 보급하는 것을 목표로 그 기술개발과 안전성확보에 속도를 높이고 있다. 자율주행자동차가 도입된다면 현재 발생하는 교통사고 중 90%에 가까운 비중을 차지하는 운전자의 부주의나 운전미숙, 음주운전 등의 과실로 인한 교통사고는 최소화 될 것이고 또한 고령자나 장애인 등 교통약자들이 조금 더 편리하게 이동의 자유를 누릴 수 있는 등의 긍 정적인 면이 기대되고 있지만 훨씬 고도화되는 자동차기술의 안전성 문 제라든가, 인터넷으로 연결되는 자동차 시스템에 대한 보안문제와 같은 새로운 위험 또한 존재하고 있고, 또한 사람이 직접 운행에 개입하지 않 는 자율주행자동차의 특성 상 사람의 운행지배가 배제되는 경우도 발생 할 수 있으므로 사고가 발생할 경우 과연 누가 운행자로서 책임을 지는 지 등 현행 책임 법제가 이러한 변화를 충분히 해결할 수 있는지가 문제 될 수밖에 없다. 이러한 문제의식에 기초하여 자율주행자동차가 상용화된 이후의 자동 차 사고 관련 책임 부담에 관하여 현행 법 제도 특히, 자동차손해배상보 장법과 제조물책임법의 적용 시 문제점을 검토하고, 변화하는 자동차 관 련 사고 관련 문제를 고려한 개선방안을 모색하여 보고자 한다.

사물인터넷서비스는 서비스의 최종적인 제공을 위해 기기에서부터 정 보의 송수신의 기본이 되는 통신망, 서비스플랫폼까지 다양한 서비스단 계의 결합으로 구성되며 각 단계에서는 보안취약이나 관리부실 등 개별 적인 개인정보침해의 위협을 수반한다. 사물인터넷 서비스에서 개인정보 침해로 손해가 발생한 경우 기존의 정보통신서비스제공자인 사물인터넷 서비스 제공 사업자에게 사물인터넷이용계약 불이행에 따른 손해배상 및 불법행위책임으로서 손해배상책임을 부과하는 외에 개별 서비스제공단계 에서의 침해책임에 대해서는 계약을 기초로 하지 않는 경우가 일반적이 고 이에 따라 일반불법행위 책임이나 경우에 따라서는 제조물책임과 같 은 특수책임을 고려할 수 있다. 현재는 실제 서비스이용계약의 상대방인 기존의 정보통신망서비스 제공자가 서비스사업을 영위하는 경우가 대부 분이고 서비스제공에 있어서 이동통신망 서비스 제공에 따른 정보보호의 무(기존의 개인정보침해 상황과 동일) 범위 내에서만 책임을 부담하고 그 외의 부분에 대해서는 면책된다는 면책조항만을 이용자에게 제시하고 있다. 이에 사물인터넷이 하나의 서비스 제공을 위해 다수의 사업자가 결합되어 있다는 특이점에 집중해 개인정보 침해에 따른 손해 발생 시 이용자가 그 원인에 따라 용이하게 책임 주체인 사업자를 특정하고 손해 배상을 청구할 수 있을지에 대해 살펴보았다. 직접 사업자로서 계약상대 방이 되고 있는 통신망사업자에게는 기존의 정보통신관련법 및 민법상 계약책임·불법행위책임, 또는 관계 사업자들에 대해서는 일반 불법행위 책임으로서의 손해배상청구가 가능하다는 이론적 접근은 가능하지만 실 제로 이용자가 발생한 손해에 대해 효율적 구제를 받을 수 있을지 그 범 위는 어디까지인지 구체적으로 법정하기 어려운 면을 검토하였다. 사물 인터넷 서비스 제공자 지위를 인정하고 포괄적인 책임범위를 마련해야할 필요성, 관계사업자를 수범자로서 확대하는 것을 고려할 필요성에 대해 서도 검토하였다. 하지만 산업발전 초기에 이용자 보호측면에서의 책임 부담 강화가 역으로 서비스제공에 미치는 영향을 고려하지 않을 수 없고 관련해 산업정책적 측면에서는 서비스제공 상 책임부담 완화가 꾸준히 논의되어 온 만큼 정보보호와 산업발전을 함께 도모할 수 있도록 할 필 요성 및 그 예로 책임보험제도를 추가적인 검토사항으로 간략히 언급하 였다.

감사인 지정제도는 투자자 보호를 위해 공정한 감사가 필요한 회사에 대하여 감사인 자유선임권을 배제하고 증권선물위원회가 감사인을 지정 하는 제도로서 감사인의 독립성 훼손과 같이 감사인과 피감사회사와의 관계에서 발생할 수 있는 문제를 완화시키기 위해 고안된 제도이다. 결국 이 제도는 자유수임제 하에서 외부감사인이 을의 지위로 전락하 여 독립성을 상실함으로써 감사의 품질이 낮아지고 분식회계 등의 문제 점을 불식시키지 못하여 우리나라 경제 전반에 악영향을 주는 것을 탈피 하기 위한 고육지책에서 나온 제도라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 이번에 도입 된 주기적 지정제가 선택적 지정제보다 일보 전진한 것이라고는 하지만 피감사회사들의 격렬한 저항에 막혀 전면지정제를 포기한 타협의 결과물 이라고 생각한다. 무엇보다도 법규정이 모호하여 예측가능성이 줄어들었 고, 정부는 예외조항을 늘리려는 재계의 요구를 막아내야 하는 부담을 갖게 되었다. 그렇다면 전면지정제만이 애초에 목표로 했던 회계 투명성 을 확보할 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법이라고 생각한다. 그렇지만 감사인 지정제도는 정부실패의 가능성도 가지고 있다. 따라 서 정부실패의 가능성을 줄이기 위해서 각종 전문가들로 구성된 위원회 를 구성하고, 이를 통해 지정감사제가 제대로 운영되고 있는지를 주기적 으로 모니터링함으로써 정부실패의 가능성을 최소화해야 할 것이다. 또 한 외부 감사법인과 피감사회사가 직접 수수료를 주고받는 관계 하에서 는 감사인의 독립성이 확보될 수 없으므로 외부감사법인과 피감사회사 간에 이루어지는 Bidding 절차를 없애고 제3의 자율기구를 만들어 그 제 3자가 피감사회사들에게서 공동기금을 걷어 관리하고 배분하게 하는 방 법을 강구할 필요가 있다고 생각한다.