In South Korea, Particulate matter (PM) has become one of the major threats to public health and safety across the country. Urban forests have been considered as a possible contributor to mitigate the air pollutants in urban areas. However, there is lack of research on investigating the role of urban forests on mitigating PM. This study investigated on the relationship between urban forests and PM concentrations in Seoul, South Korea, by using urban forest data, PM measurements, satellite imagery, and meteorological data. The correlation between the size of urban forests and PM measurements within three concentric buffers of 1 km, 500 m, and 300 m in radius were analyzed. Overall PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations varied significantly with different seasons during the 2-year study period. Overall PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations tended to be reduced as the urban forest size increased. This tendency became less noticeable as smaller urban forest patches were predominant over larger patches in the buffers. Season-specific models were developed by using 30m-resolution satellite imageries of Landsat 8 and meteorological parameters for estimating PM concentrations. No noticeable correlations were found between the modeled PM concentrations and the Urban forest size showing the ualves of Pearson’s coefficient r of 0.08 to 0.23 for PM10 and -0.16 to 0.04 for PM2.5. In this study, the variations in PM measurements with the presence of high urban forests within buffers were investigated. Overall PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were lower along the domains encompassing higher urban forests in elevation.

Stroke is a health problem experienced by many elderly people around the world. Stroke has a devastating effect on quality of life, causing death or disability. Hemiplegia is clearly an early sign of a stroke and can be detected through patterns of body balance and gait. The goal of this study was to determine various feature vectors of foot pressure and gait parameters of patients with stroke through the use of a wearable sensor and to compare the gait parameters with those of healthy elderly people. To monitor the participants at all times, we used a simple measuring device rather than a medical device. We measured gait data of 220 healthy people older than 65 years of age and of 63 elderly patients who had experienced stroke less than 6 months earlier. The center of pressure and the acceleration during standing and gait-related tasks were recorded by a wearable insole sensor worn by the participants. Both the average acceleration and the maximum acceleration were significantly higher in the healthy participants (p < .01) than in the patients with stroke. Thus gait parameters are helpful for determining whether they are patients with stroke or normal elderly people.

PURPOSES : It is well known that low temperature cracking is one of the most serious distresses on asphalt pavement, especially for northern U.S. (including Alaska), Canada and the northern part of south Korea. The risk of thermal cracking can be numerically measured by estimating thermal stress of a given asphalt mixture. This thermal stress can be computed by low temperature creep testing. Currently, in-direct tensile (IDT) mixture creep test mentioned in AASHTO specification is used for measuring low temperature creep properties of a given asphalt mixture. However, IDT requires the use of expensive testing equipment for performing the sophisticated analysis process, however, very few laboratories utilize this equipment. In this paper, a new and simple performance test (SPT) method: bending beam rheometer (BBR) mixture creep testing equipment is introduced, and the estimated experimental results were compared with those of conventional IDT tests. METHODS: Three different asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and roofing shingles were prepared in the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) research laboratory. Using the BBR and IDT, the low temperature creep stiffness data were measured and subsequently computed. Using a simple power-law function, the creep stiffness data were converted into relaxation modulus, and subsequently compared. Finally, thermal stress results were computed from relaxation modulus master curve using Gaussian quadrature approach with condierations of 24 Gauss number. RESULTS: In the case of the conventional asphalt mixture, similar trends were observed when the relaxation modulus and thermal stress results were compared. In the case of RAP and Shingle added mixtures, relatively different computation results were obtained. It can be estimated that different experimental surroundings and specimen sizes affected the results. CONCLUSIONS: It can be said that the BBR mixture creep test can be a more viable approach for measuring low temperature properties of asphalt mixture compared to expensive and complex IDT testing methods. However, more extensive research and analysis are required to further verify the feasibility of the BBR mixture creep test.

예술은 미에 대한 추구이지만 동시에 참선과 유사한 목적을 가지는 행위이기도 하다. 즉 반복과 몰입을 통해 복잡한 생각을 덜어내고 스트레스를 경감시키는 기능을 가진다는 것이다. 예술 작품을 만드는 과정은 전체적으로 보면 굉장히 전문적이고 미적인 감각과 경험을 필요로 하지만, 그렇지 않은 부분도 엄연히 존재하며 그러한 부분이 요구하는 것은 대부분 단순한 반복적 행위들이다. 이 지점을 상품화시켜서 예술 작품을 상대적으로 단순하게 모사할 수 있도록 하는 제품들이 지속적으로 나오고 있으며, 이는 고도화된 사회에서의 스트레스를 보여주는 것이기도 하다. 이러한 유행에 힘입어 티베트 불교의 만다라나 젠탱글 등의 수행적 예술이 매체에서 소개되기도 하였다. 스트링 아트는 이와 유사하게 수행적인 성격을 가지며, 동시에 수학적인 요소를 가지고 있는 예술 표현 방식이다. 스트링 아트는 일정한 공간에서 실을 계속해서 연결시켜서 특정한 기하학적 무늬나 그림을 얻어내는 표현 방식인데, 이를 통해 정서적 안정을 얻고자 하는 목적으로 처음 개발 되었으나 현대에는 여러 작가들이 사용하는 작품적인 요소가 되었다. 게임과 같은 가상 환경에서 많은 사람들이 예술적 행위들을 하곤 하는데, 본 논문에서는 가상 환경에서도 스트링 아트와 같이 새로운 표현 양식을 적용할 수 있도록 표현 양식을 알고리즘화 시킨 사례를 찾아보고, 이를 재구성하여 어떻게 가상 환경에서 이를 적용할 것인지에 대하여 연구하였다. 또한 이를 통해 가상 환경에서도 심미적이고 수행적인 예술의 기능을 모사할 수 있음을 보였다.

손끝은 최고의 촉각 센서이자 최고의 운동 기관이다. 많은 기술자들은 손끝의 감각에 의존하여 그들의 정확하고 숙련된 솜씨로 결과물을 만들곤 한다. 컴퓨터 게임 역시 섬세한 조작을 요구하는 분야임에도 불구하고 제작과 구현의 어려움 때문에 대부분의 게임 인터페이스들은 촉각이나 손이 나타내는 복잡한 표현들은 고려하지 않는다. 또한 VR이 빠르게 발전하고 있고 여러 종류의 가상 환경 몰입형 입력 장치들이 나타나고 있지만, 그들의 기술 수준은 게임 패드에 각종 센서가 추가된 정도에 머무르고 있다. 본 논문에서는 손가락의 위치를 통한 3D 인터페이스를 설계하는 방법론을 소개한다. 전통적으로 손을 인식하는 입력 방식에서는 주로 몇몇 제스쳐와 간단한 표현들을 인식하는데 그쳤으며, 상대적으로 미소한 손가락 관절의 움직임이나 손과 손 사이의 상호작용 등의 복잡한 제스쳐에 대해서는 전혀 고려하지 못하고 있다. 본 방법론은 이러한 표현들을 어떻게 구현할 것인지 제시하며, 손가락의 위치나 각도 등 복합적인 데이터를 계산하여 의미 있는 정보들을 도출해낼 수 있게 한다. 또한 실험을 위해 구현된 간단한 프로그램에서는 구체적으로 어떻게 작동하는지와 무엇을 표현할 수 있는지 보여준다. 이를 통해 3D와 몰입형 가상 환경에서 손이 나타내는 복잡한 표현들을 구현하는데 적용될 수 있을 것으로 예상된다.

We studied the infection rate of and various metacercariocidal approaches to controlling Gymnophalloides seoi for prevention of human infection in cultured and natural oysters in Korea. The selected survey areas were Aphae-do (Shinan-gun, Jeollanam-do), which is an endemic area for G. seoi, and Tongyeong (Geonsangnam-do), which is the main production area of oysters in Korea. In the Tongyeong area, the metacercariae of G. seoi were not detected in cultured oysters (0/201) or wild oysters (0/134). Seventy-two G. seoi metacercariae were observed in 33 of 265 natural oysters collected from Aphae-do; however, metacercariae were not detected in the cultured oysters (0/1101) purchased from the Daejeon Fish Market. To investigate the viability of G. seoi metacercariae, various metacercariocidal treatments were used with 3.5% saline and oyster juice used as positive controls. The metacercariae survived for 75.4 h in 3.5% saline and 112.6 h in oyster juice. After the metacercariocidal treatment, G. seoi metacercariae were survived for 13.29 min in tap water, < 20 sec in 4.3% vinegar, no effect in a rinse of the whole oyster body in 70°C water for 1 sec, but 1 sec in a rinse of the whole oyster body in 90°C water for 1 sec. The greatest metacercariocidal effect on G. seoi was from rinsing oysters in 90°C water followed by those from treatment with 20% ethyl alcohol, 4.3% vinegar, and tap water. However, we suggest that the most actual prevention to G. seoi human infection is rinsing the oysters with tap water for at least 30 min.

최근 디지털 콘텐츠 중 E-Book과 웹 소설이 증가하고 있다. 삽화는 텍스트 콘텐츠에서 독자의 이해를 도울 수 있다. 따라서 텍스트 콘텐츠를 분석하여 자동으로 삽화를 생성하는 여러 접근방법이 등장했다. 먼저 규칙 기반 접근방법은 문장을 분석하는 규칙과 분석된 문장 구조를 삽화로 변환하는 규칙을 모두 활용하여 삽화를 생성한다. 그러나 정해진 규칙에서 벗어나면 삽화를 생성하지 못 할 수도 있다는 단점이 있다. 다음으로 통계 기반 접근방법은 통계를 기반으로 후보 중 가장 가능성이 높은 삽화를 생성한다. 그러나 통계 기반 접근방법은 사람이 추출한 정보에 강하게 의존한다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구는 사람이 아닌 시스템이 자동으로 정보를 추출하는 딥러닝을 활용한 삽화 생성 시스템을 제안한다. 제안하는 시스템은 형태소 분석기, 개체명 인식기, 의존 구문 구조 분석기로 이루어져있다. 동화 "빨간모자"를 통해 평가하였고, 총 99문장 중 삽화 생성이 가능한 문장이 28문장, 삽화 생성이 불가능한 문장이 71문장이었다. 삽화 생성이 불가능한 문장의 경우 대사가 41문장, 불명확한 주어가 2문장, 그리고 표현이 불가능한 서술어가 28문장이었다. 제안하는 시스템이 올바른 삽화를 생성한 문장은 23문장, 부적절한 삽화를 생성한 문장은 2문장, 삽화를 생성하지 않은 문장은 74문장으로 나타났다.

As the technological gap amongst manufacturers decreases, the life cycle of products has shortened, and competition accelerates due to the development of technology, incumbent manufacturing companies face growth limitations. In order to overcome such business issues, manufacturing companies are increasingly interested in changes in business models and innovations, especially in the direction of providing services where they can maintain the competitive advantage of their products. In such context, this empirical study examines managerial leadership, differentiation strategies, and products and services pricing as ‘servitization factors’, which can be driving forces for moving into a new era of growth for Korean SMEs, focusing on the mediating effects of servitization competency. The results are as follows : First, it was confirmed that executive leadership, differentiation strategy, and information & communication technology capability have a direct effect on service sales. Second, the process competency, partnership competency, and ICT competency, which are presented as the service competence of SMEs, were found to play an important role in inducing service sales in managerial leadership, differentiation strategy, product and services pricing. It also emphasized the role of the public policy such as helping to foster SMEs as key partners in the expansion of social facilities and establishing platforms through ICT and data utilization for the convergence of manufacturing services.