Research on salinity stress has strongly increased over the last decade, as salinity stress is a main key factor limiting the global crop production in many regions of the world. In recent years, it is possible to obtain a large amount of genotypic data in a short time due to a reduction in genotyping costs. This wave of genomic information has effected the development of new strategies for the integration of molecular information in breeding programs. However, phenotyping is still a manual activity, and different from each species, environment, and trait. It often generates high labor costs, and can be sensitive to environmental changes, and sometimes includes the individual biased assessments from different people. There is a strong demand for phenotypic data of high quality. The current objective of phenomics is phenotyping a large number of individuals for many traits in a nondestructive manner and with good accuracy. Here we described the image-based technology as applied to alleviate the bottleneck for the development of high-throughput phenotyping platforms. Several trials to measure stress responses of rice plantlets based on image data under the salinity condition are underway to develop automation for the next-level of phenotyping.

Recently there are increasing numbers of people participating in sports activities. Accordingly, the rate of sports injuries is increasing as well. In this light, this study was conducted to investigate the extent of acute damage and its forms by examining the current state of patients with sports injuries. This research study was conducted between January of 2008 and December of 2010 in Chosun University Hospital through retrospective review of the medical records of patients with sportsrelated injuries. The total number of patients with sports injuries who visited the emergency center was 887. The number of male patients was 726 (81.85%), far more than the number of female patients (18.15%). More than half of the patients, accounting for 419 (47.23%), had injuries on their face; second and common parts, in which injuries occurred, were upper and lower body, accounting for 146 (16.45%) and 193 (21.75%), respectively. The majority of patients did not undergo surgical treatment. Only 113 (12.73%) patients underwent surgical treatment. In addition, more than 80% of them were not hospitalized but 170 of them needed to be hospitalized. Most sports injuries occurred in young male patients. This can interrupt participation in sports activities for a long time and result in lower quality of life. Hence proper preventative measures and scientific treatment methods are needed.

The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a vascular structure connecting the proximal descending aorta to the roof of the main pulmonary artery, near the origin of the left branch pulmonary artery. Transcatheter closure has become the treatment of choice for most cases of PDA in both children and adults; however, measurement of the exact size and morphology of the shunt in adult cases using only contrast fluoroscopy is difficult. We report on a case of a 49-year-old woman who underwent transcatheter closure of PDA with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) guideance. In the current case, IVUS is feasible and helpful for measuring the exact size and shape of the PDA.

Mungbean (Vigna radiata) is a fast-growing, warm-season legume crop that is primarily cultivated in developing countries of Asia. We constructed a draft genome sequence of mungbean to facilitate genome research into the subgenus Ceratotropis and to enable a better understanding of the evolution of leguminous species. The draft genome sequence covers 80% of the estimated genome, of which 50.1% consists of repetitive sequences. In total, 22,427 high confidence protein-coding genes were predicted. Based on the de novo assembly of additional wild mungbean species, the divergence of what was eventually domesticated and the sampled wild mungbean species appears to have predated domestication. Moreover, the de novo assembly of a tetraploid Vigna species (Vigna reflexo-pilosa var. glabra) provided genomic evidence of a recent allopolyploid event. To further study speciation, we compared de novo RNA-seq assemblies of 22 accessions of 18 Vigna species and protein sets of Glycine max and Cajanus cajan. The species tree was constructed by a Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo method using highly confident orthologs shared by all 24 accessions. The present assembly of V. radiata var. radiata will facilitate genome research and accelerate molecular breeding of the subgenus Ceratotropis.

포름알데히드의 고농도와 저농도에 따른 식물의 생리적 반응을 보기 위하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실내식물은 관음죽, 팔손이나무, 스킨답서스를 이용하였으며, 포름알데히드는 0, 2(2.5), 10(12.3), 100(123) ppm(mg･m-3)농도로 처리하였다. 그 결과 포름알데히드 처리에 대한 잎 피해증상은 100 ppm의 고농도에서 5시간 처리 후 검은 반점으로 나타났다. 외관상 피해증상은 어린잎과 노화된 모두에서 나타났으며, 팔손이나무의 경우에는 줄기에서도 일부 나타났다. 피해 잎의 책상조직과 해면조직이 파괴되거나 변형되었다. 전체적으로 Peroxidase와 Catalase 함량은 관음죽>팔손이나무>스킨답서스 순서였으며, 처리농도가 높아질수록 함량도 대체로 증가하였다. 피해가 심한 스킨답서스의 경우 고농도 처리시에 기공이 닫히는 비율이 약 80% 가장 높았으며, Catalase 증가량도 가장 컸다. 결과적으로 100 ppm의 고농도에서 포름알데히드 흡수를 저해하기 위해 기공이 닫히거나 효소 함량의 변화가 일부 나타났으나, 저농도에서 적극적 흡수를 위한 반응은 보이지 않았다.

Citrus is one of the major fruits produced in Korea. There are about 20 species mainly grown in Jeju Island, Korea. Four representative species, which are quite different in the shape of leaf and the taste of fruit, were selected and were used to profile the transcriptomes. These species are ‘Miyagawa Wase’ (C. unshiu Marcov.) satsuma mandarin, ‘Kiyomi’ (C. unshiu Marcov. × C. sinensis) mandarin hybrid, ‘Dangyuja’ (C. grandis) and ‘Natsudaidai’ (C. natsudaidai). Classification of the up-regulated and down-regulated genes using the Cluster of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) database reveals that the number of genes included in each group differed significantly among the four species. Several genes that showed significant differences in expression on the microarray were selected and their expression patterns were examined by reverse transcription- ploymerase chain reaction. Metabolic genes such as tyrosine decarboxylase and β-glucosidase ligase were found to be highly expressed in Miyagawa Wase, relative to other species. On the other hand, the expression level of mannose phosphate isomerase was lower in Miyagawa Wase. An efflux pump gene was found to be up-regulated in Kiyomi, whereas cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase was down-regulated. β-carotene 15,15’-dioxygenase, which is involved in the vitamin metabolism, was up-regulated in Natsudaidai. Interspecific differentiations of gene expression are analyzed in terms of the metabolic pathways and their possible roles in citrus species.