In order to develop the D. adamsi breeding technique that is highly likely to be used as an emotional pet insect, the results of the D. adamsi was collected in the large exhibition Jang Tae-san in Daejeon to the indoor breeding began to spawn after 10 days after the training, the egg laying period was 33.6 days, the average number of spawn per female was 27.7, and the period was 11.8 days. D. adamsi larvae bred with food of oak-boiled molted two times, the duration of 1st larvae development was 11.8 days, 2nd larvae 14.5 days, and the third larvae was 29.4, and the larvae were used to build houses using Masato(soil) and in the pupae, and then in April of the following year. D. adamsi has a characteristic to build a house with fallen leaves and spawn one or two eggs in the fallen leaves, and the results of the spawn mat test using fallen leaves, leaf mold and a sawdust, etc., and the number of spawn was high in the Masato was spread about 3 ~ 5cm, and a fallen leaves on a 10 cm or so, and the growth and survival rate of the larvae were also high. Larvae breeding density was 2 ~ 3 ℓ in the container size to raise the object was normal growth, the higher the density mortality was high and the growth was sluggish. Larvae feeding conditions were normally developed in dry fallen leaves and fermented fallen leaves, compared to the sterile fallen leaves, oak sawdust, sterile fallen leaves and oak sawdust was abnormal, the mortality rate was higher than 50%.

Insect-killing fungi have high potential in pest management. A deeper insight into the fungal genes at the whole genome level is necessary to understand the inter-species or intra-species genetic diversity of fungal genes, and to select excellent isolates. In this work, we conducted a whole genome sequencing of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) JEF-007 and characterized pathogenesis-related features and compared with other isolates including Bb ARSEF2860. A large number of Bb JEF-007 genes showed high identity with Bb ARSEF2860, but some genes showed moderate or low identity. The two Bb isolates showed a significant difference in vegetative growth, antibiotic-susceptibility, and virulence against Tenebrio molitor larvae. When highly identical genes between the two Bb isolates were subjected to real-time PCR, their transcription levels were different, particularly in heat shock protein 30 (hsp30) gene which is related to conidial thermotolerance. In several B. bassiana isolates, chitinases and trypsin-like protease genes involved in pathogenesis were highly conserved, but other genes showed noticeable sequence variation within the same species. Given the transcriptional and genetic diversity in B. bassiana, a selection of virulent isolates with industrial advantages is a pre-requisite, and this genetic approach could support the development of excellent biopesticides with intellectual property protection.

소나무재선충병의 나무주사는 살선충제를 중심으로 실시되어 왔으며, 매개충인 솔수염하늘소와 북방수염하늘소의 방제는 주로 항공방제나 지상방제를 통하여 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서는 나무주사를 통하여 매개충 (솔수염하늘소)을 방제하기 위한 연구로 Abamectin+Acetamiprid ME, Thiamethoxam DC 약제의 나무주사시 솔수염하늘소의 약효발현농도, 처리 후 기간별 효과(2017년~2018년)를 검토하였다. 실내 발현농도 시험에서는 Acetamiprid, Thiamethoxam LC50 value는 각각 0.102ppm, 0.083ppm 으로 나타 났으며, 야산(포장)에서 Abamectin+Acetamiprid ME, Thiamethoxam DC 처리구의 100.0% 치사 소요일 수는 처리 90일 후 11.0일, 9.4일, 처리 360일 후 11.6일, 10.0일로 나타나서 두 약제 모두 3월 처리시 다음해에 발생하는 매개충 (솔수염하늘소) 방제까지 가능함을 확인 할 수 있었다.

The Asian corn borer, O. furnacalis (Crambidae) and the old world bollworm, H. armigera (Noctuidae) simultaneously cause ear damage in corn in Suwon area. It has been assumed that the second generation of larvae of both insects is responsible for the damage. We, therefore, studied proper spray timing of insecticide in order to reduce the damage. A waxy corn hybrid cultivar, Ilmichal, was sown directly on four plots of a field at April 10, April 20, May 4, and May 18, 2018, respectively. A sodium channel blocker, indoxacarb, was sprayed eight times at 3- or 4-day intervals around the silking stage of corn in each sowing plot. At ear harvest time of each plot, we investigated damaged ratio and length of ear, and the numbers of both insect species. The significantly effective spray timings on reduction of ear damage were the sprays at June 29 and July 2 in the plot sown at April 10, the sprays from July 2 to 13 in the April 20-sown plot, the sprays from July 2 to 19 in the May 4-sown plot, and the sprays at July 19 in the May 18-sown plot, respectively. The damage level was positively related to the insect number. The result indicated that the spray at the silking stage of corn was effective on reduction of ear damage. It was assumed that occurrence time of neonate larvae of the insects at silking stage cause the damage, based on the experimental results using screened pots inoculated with the two species.

The genus Nipponopsyche Yazaki is reported from Korea with an unrecorded species, N. fuscescens Yazaki for the first time. Adult, larva, pupa and genitalia of the species are redescribed with SEM illustrations, and DNA barcode for precise identification of the species is also provided.

흑백알락나비 (Hestina persimilis (Westwood, 1850))는 한반도의 평안남도 이남의 내륙지역에 넓게 분포하고, 국외의 경우 일본, 중국, 히말라야 일대에 서식하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 종에 대한 생활사 연구는 김과 서(2011)에 의해 월동유충, 종령, 번데기 등에 대한 일부 보고가 있을 뿐 자세한 생활사에 대한 기록은 전무하다. 본 연구를 통해 한국산 흑백알락나비의 생태적 습성 및 미성숙단계 (알, 유충, 번데기)의 형태적 특징 등 자세한 생활사 정보를 보고하고자 한다.

The continuous emergence of chemical-mediated residual toxicity and insect resistance have enforced the regulation of synthetic pesticides. Synthetic pesticides with novel mode of actions could be developed to overcome these issues, but as an alternative biopesticides with more efficacious control activity could be developed by the advanced technology. In pest management, entomopathogenic fungi have high potential in reducing pest population to an economic threshold, and some of isolates have been commercialized. However still a novel application strategy needs to be considered for successful industrialization. An insight on fungal genes in whole genome and transcriptome levels is necessary to understand the role of genes in pathogenesis and genetic diversity of fungal genes. Herein, we have identified the genetic differences of entomopathogenic fungi using whole genome sequencing of Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and tried to understand the interaction between fungus and insect using RNA-seq. We have obtained the whole genome sequence of Bb JEF-007 using PacBio sequencing technology and compared the transcriptomes of Bb JEF-007 and bean bug, Riptortus pedestris before and after the fungal infection using Hiseq 2000 system.

Entomopathogenic fungi have been known as promising candidates for biological control of insect pests. Recently, researchers consider the fungal thermotolerance in formulations and field applications. In this study, we investigated the production of thermotolerant Isaria javanica and I.fumosorosea conidia through grain-based solid cultures and exposure to light stress. As results, of the ten grain substrates, Italian millet, rice, perilla seed and sesame, rice, sorghum produced highly thermotolerant conidia in the strains. The two strains were exposed to a light stress and showed enhanced thermal stability compared to control, when exposed to 45°C for 2 hours. This work suggests that heatresistant entomopathogenic fungal conidia can be produced by grainbased solid cultures and exposure to light stress.

과일이나 농작물의 부패 및 발효 환경에서는 Methanol, Ethanol, Acetic acid을 비롯한 다양한 화학물질들이 생산된다. Drosophila melanogaster는 이러한 발효·부패 환경에 서식하면서 일정 농도 이상의 다양한 화학물질에 지속적으로 노출되어 생존하도록 적응되어온 것으로 생각된다. 다양한 화학물질이 포함한 환경에 안정적으로 서식하기 위해서는 D. melanogaster는 화학물질에 능동적으로 반응하여 해독 유전자나 대사 관련 유전자의 발현량을 변화 시킴으로써 발효·부패 환경에서 생성되는 화학물질에 대한 높은 내성을 가지고 있을 것으로 판단된다. 현재까지 유전자의 발현량 측정을 위해 real-time PCR를 이용하여 reference gene의 발현량을 기준으로 정량화하는 방법이 가장 널리 사용되고 있다. 그러나 조직별, 환경별, 발달단계를 비롯한 다양한 조건에서 안정적으로 발현되는 reference 유전자 선정이 필수적으로 선행되어야 하므로 본 연구에서는 발효·부패 환경에서 생산되는 두 화학물질인 Methanol과 Ethyl Acetate에 노출된 D. melanogaster에서 안정적으로 발현되는 reference gene을 찾는 연구를 실시하였다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 농도의 Methanol과 Ethyl Acetate을 D. melanogaster에 노출시킨 후 RNA 추출과 cDNA 합성을 실시였고, 5가지 후보 reference gene (hsp22, nd, rpL18, tbp and ef-1b)의 안정적 발현 여부를 qRT-PCR을 통해 조사하였으며, 유전자 발현의 안정성을 측정하는 3가지 프로그램(geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper)을 이용해 비교·분석하였다. 본 학회에서는 연구의 과정과 그 결과를 발표하고자 한다.

Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus causes devastating damage to pines worldwide. To develop new agent for controlling PWN, 43 alkyloxyalcohols were synthesized and nematicidal activity was tested against PWN. As a control, monochamol, which reported to have nematicidal activity was also tested. The nematicidal activity was diffferent according to total carbon chain length in compounds and carbon numbers of diol derivates. The odd numbered carbon diol derivates (ROC5OH, ROC7OH, ROC9OH) showed weak activity. The compounds which had C14H30O2 formula (C11OC3OH, C10OC4OH, C8OC6OH, C6OC8OH) showed the same level nematicital activity as that of monochamol in the term of LC50 value. Thee compounds which had C15H32O2 and C13H28O2 formulas (C12OC3OH, C11OC4OH, C12OC3OH, C10OC3OH, C9OC4OH, C5OC8OH) were followed.

Japanese pine sawyer beetle, Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is considered as a serious pest in pine trees. To develop an eco-friendly strategy to manage this forest insect, we collected entomopathogenic fungi from Korean soil and assessed their virulence against the adults of the insect in laboratory conditions. As a result, two isolates with conidial suspension (1.0×107conidia/ml), showed 87% and 90% mortality 12 days after fungal treatment, respectively. We assessed the potential of the fungi-derived destruxin and protease as additives to the fungal isolates, and they showed insecticidal activity via feeding and spraying treatments. Finally, we produced fungal conidia in massive solid cultures and formulated wettable powders, and now studying optimal conditions of oil-based formulation with two isolates. Based on these results, we are evaluating the control efficacy of the fungal agents against M. alternatus in field conditions.

Aging are both global and domestic issues. In Korea, the population aged 65 and over accounted for 14.8% of the total population in 2018 and 14.4% in Jeju island. The Korea National Statistical Office estimates it will reach 41% by 2060. As the elderly population increases, socioeconomic policy changes and researches on health aging have been carried out especially in developed countries. Representative studies are telomere studies and molecular inflammation. Korean researchers also have made efforts to elucidate the secret of aging including TLR5 (Toll-like receptor 5)/caveolin study in Jeolla province, and ROS (reactive oxygen species) and molecular inflammation in Gyungsang province. However, Research on aging is still underway and research on gut microbiota started in Jeju province, centering on progeria, is expected to give hope.

본 연구는 부모의 스마트폰 중독이 유아의 놀이성에 미치는 영향에서 유아의 스마트기기 이용수준의 매개효과를 밝히고자 했다. 이를 위해 만 3∼5세 유아와 그들의 어머니 259명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 R version 3.5.1과 Mplus Version 7.4 Base Program Single-User을 이용하여 분석했다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 스마트폰 중독은 유아의 놀이성에 부적인 영향을 미쳤으나 유아의 미디어기기 이용수준에는 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 유아의 놀이성에 대해 유아의 미디어기기 이용수준은 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 부모의 스마트폰 중독과 유아의 놀이성의 관계에서 유아의 미디어기기 이용수준도 부분 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 스마트 기기를 사용할 수밖에 없는 현대인의 삶에서 유아의 스마트기기 이용 수준이 유아의 놀이성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인임을 시사한다.

본 연구에서는 국내 유통 중인 농산물 9품목(n = 578)에 대한 납과 카드뮴 함량을 조사하고 이들의 섭취로 인한 위해성을 평가하고자 하였다. 납과 카드뮴의 함량은 마이크로웨이브 분해 후 ICP-MS로 분석하였다. 조사대상 농산물의 납 평균 함량은 각각 보리 0.014 mg/kg, 완두콩 0.010 mg/kg, 강낭콩 0.008 mg/kg, 녹두 0.006 mg/kg, 파인애플 0.008 mg/kg, 살구 0.016 mg/kg, 매실 0.015 mg/kg, 자두 0.021 mg/kg, 대추 0.019 mg/kg이었고, 카드뮴 평균함량은 보리 0.017 mg/kg, 완두콩 0.004 mg/kg, 강낭콩 0.007 mg/kg, 녹두 0.005 mg/kg, 파인애플 0.001 mg/kg, 살구 0.002 mg/kg, 매실 0.002 mg/kg, 자두 0.002 mg/kg, 대추 0.003 mg/kg이었다. 모든 시료의 납, 카드뮴 함량은 EU, CODEX 및 국내 기준보다 낮은 수준이었다. 조사 대상 농산물에 대한 납, 카드뮴의 인체노출량을 산출한 결과, 납은 잠정주간섭취허용량(PTWI, 25 μg/kg b.w./week)의 0.067%, 카드뮴은 월간잠정섭취허용량(PTMI, 25 μg/kg b.w./month)의 0.28%이었다. 이상의 결과는 조사 대상 농산물의 납, 카드뮴 오염도와 이들의 섭취에 의한 위해성이 모두 낮은 수준이라는 것을 보여준다.

Certification labeling is a system which confirms the quality and appropriateness of pr oducts according to the standard set. It is usually evaluated by the third party to assure being reliability. Certification labeling can be used as one of the important sources of i nformation when consumers evaluate the products. Especially, certification labeling gi ves customers trust and confidence about products because the label can be the signali ng that the quality of the products is good. Although certification labeling influences p urchase decision making, many consumers do not trust the labels because of insufficie nt information of certification and distrust in the certifications. As consumers are becoming increasingly concerned about environment and wellbeing, manufacturers are turning a convention product into the production of a sustain able product. Sustainable certification can be environmental cues to evaluate a sustain able product based on the categorization inference. The aim of this research is the inte raction effect among sustainable cues on purchase intention. Consumers tend to perceive organic label of products as high-price. Thus, although they concern environment and well-being, they tend to purchase conventional products more than an organic product. In addition, an organic label can have a positive influence on perceived risk, and then perceived risk may affect purchase intention. However, the product with organic label including traceability may have a negative impact on perceived risk. Therefore, perceived risk can mediate the relationship between the interaction between organic label of products and traceability and purchase intention.