Over the past decade, the backlash against investment arbitration has become worldwide and correspondingly the investment treaty reform has been undertaken at multiple levels. In this context, a multilateral investment agreement (“MIA”) has been called for as a global effort to address the global backlash. Arguably, the current condition for a MIA might be more favorable than before, as the interests of developed countries and developing countries have changed. After examining the need of a MIA for the global backlash, this paper attempts to explore China’s recent practice in this aspect, including that (1) China’s changing interest in outward foreign direct investment and investment treaty practice reflect the changing landscape of international investment law; (2) the 2016 G20 under China’s presidency achieved the Guiding Principles for Global Investment Policymaking; and (3) China has joined to work on a multilateral framework on investment facilitation at the WTO.

As the most important dispute resolution mechanism in international investment, the ICSID system is valued for the efficiency of its proceedings and the finality of its awards. Due to the significance of ICSID to international investment laws, the international arbitration community has been calling for a high degree of substantive fairness in ICSID awards. However, based on past decisions, ICSID has not been able to strike a balance between procedural justice and substantive fairness. The drafters of the ICSID Convention intended the ICSID internal annulment system to be an error correction mechanism or a remedy for the parties to a ruling, when an arbitral tribunal or an arbitration report seriously violated the provisions. The ICSID annulment procedure is different from the appeal mechanism, and its review is based on extremely limited reasons and does not include a review of legal errors. Currently, the third working group of UNCITRAL is reforming the ISDS system, and the revision of the ICSID arbitration rules is also underway. This article discusses how to develop the current ICSID annulment system to promote greater substantive fairness in ICSID decisions.

소프트 파워는 국제 교류 및 지역 협력에서 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 방글라데시·중국·인도·미얀마 지역은 지리적으로 보면 서로 인접되어 있으며 역사적으로왕래가빈번한다. 2013년중·인양국이방글라데시·중국·인도·미얀마 경제회랑 건설을 제의한 후에, 방글라데시와 미얀마가 이 제안에 적극적으로 호응하면서 4국 간의 교류는 더욱 밀접해진다. 방·중·인·미 경제회랑 지역은 중국 서남과 방글라데시·인도·미얀마를 연결하는 중요한 통로 될 것이고, 이를 통해 관련지역의 문화교류도 많아질 것이다. 하지만 4국 간에는 문화교류는 중국과 인도의 소프트 파워에 의해 불균형한 상태로 보인다. 중국·인도는 방글라데시·미얀마에 대해 문화 제품이 더 많이 수출하고 있고, 이는 많은 분야에서 방글라데시와 미얀마에게 영향을 주고 있다. 향후에 이 경제회랑은 문화교류 및 협력 가속화하는 배경 하에, 지속가능한 발전 체제를 구축해 나가야하며, 이를 통해 4국의 소프트 파워 영향력을 균형화시켜서 지역문화의 백화제방（百花齐放）를 달성할 것이다.

Hay-making is one of the most common way for forage preservation in livestock industry. The quality and production of hay could be affected by various factors. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of tedding time and frequency on drying rate and feed value of forage rye (Secale cereale L.) hay. Rye was harvested on heading stage using mower conditioner. Hay was tedded at each set hour(09:00, 13:00 and 17:00) and sampled at each set hour to determine dry matter (DM) content. After two months’ preservation, CP (crude protein), ADF (acid detergent fiber), NDF (neutral detergent fiber), IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility), TDN (total digestible nutrient), RFV (relative feed value), DM loss, visual scores and total fungi count were determined for estimation of hay quality. Tedding was necessary for both speeding up drying rate and improving forage quality. Tedding at 17:00 showed lower NDF content (p<0.05), and also higher RFV value was found compared with tedding at 9:00 and 13:00 (p<0.05). On the other hand, it was observed that more DM losses would be found when tedding later (p<0.05). Tedding in 1~3 times per day were lower in ADF and NDF content (p<0.05), increased CP, TDN and RFV (p<0.05), got less DM loss (p<0.05), and contained less fungi during conservation compared with no tedding (p<0.05). On the other hand, tedding too frequent caused more DM loss (p<0.05). In conclusion, for shorter drying process and higher quality of forage rye hay, tedding at 13:00∼17:00 for 1∼2 times per day was recommended in this study.

국가가 자주권을 행사하는 것은 전략문화와 강한 상관관계가 있지만 국가의 전략문화의 분류에 대해서는 학자마다 견해가 다르다. 중국 서부의 가장 중요한 인접국가 중 하나인 파키스탄은 중국의 든든한 파트너로서 파키스탄의 전략문화를 이해하는 것은 파키스탄의 국가 정책과 국가가 자주권을 행사하는 행위를 이해하는데 도움이 될 뿐만 아니라 중국과 파키스탄 양국의 협력관계를 심화시키는데도 도움이 된다. 저자는 지리, 사회, 경제, 문화, 역사, 군사 등의 관점에서 볼 때 파키스탄의 전략적 문화 형성의 메커니즘은 주로 지정학적 환경, 생산방식, 생활방식, 문화적 전통, 역사적 경험과 대외 관계 등 네 가지 요인의 영향을 받는다. 분석 결과로 파키스탄의 전략 문화는 이슬람에 의해 형성되어 왔고, 대외 지향적인 전략 문화로 분류될 수 있으며 국가가 자주권을 행사하는 거도 이슬람적인 색채가 강하다.

Since the amendment of Child Welfare Law in 2003, the regional centers for children have been a part of the child welfare system, providing child-care services for families in poverty. In Korea, the regional centers for children were established during the poverty movement in the 1970s and have been developed as childcare providers for poor children since the financial crisis. However, the identity of regional centers for children is being threatened as the universal perspective on caring and the public values of caring services are being strengthened. There has raised a controversy around the role of regional centers for children that provide child-care services for vulnerable families. In addition, the survival of the regional centers for children is being threatened due to some issues regarding the content of their program as it is similar to those of other child-care agencies, the lack of cooperation among the ministries of government addressing public needs for child-care services, the poor working conditions of center employees, and the poor quality of services. The purpose of this study is to examine the formation process of the regional centers for children. After that, we discuss the current issues of the regional centers for children and seek alternatives that can settle the problems and respond properly to social changes.

Based on the M06-2X density functional, the catalytic oxidation of CO by O2 over Mo-embedded graphene was investigated in detail. The model with molybdenum atom embedded in double vacancy (DV) in a graphene sheet was considered. It is found that the complete CO oxidation reactions over Mo-DV-graphene include a two-step process, in which the first step prefers to Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism and followed the progress of CO oxidation with a remaining atomic Otop. Compared with the structure of Mo atom decorated at the single carbon vacancy on graphene (Mo-SV-graphene), the catalytic activity of Mo-DV-graphene is weaker. The present results imply that the catalytic activity of Mo-embedded graphene for CO oxidation can be improved by increasing the ratio of single vacancy (SV).

Sialadenoma papilliferum (SP) is a rare tumor that develops from salivary glands. First described by Abrams and Finck, the tumor shows a papillary form. The most frequent location of this tumor is the palate. In this case, we report a 63 year old man with a lesion located at the right retromolar of the mandible which might have caused bone resorption. Among with this case report, this paper discuss the feature of this rare tumor. The cases were searched from the pubmed website (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) using the keyword ‘sialadenoma papilliferum’. Out of total 65 cases 41 patients were male and 19 patients were female. 4 patients were under the age of 20, 4 patients were between 21 and 40, 25 patients were between 41 and 60, 23 patients were between 61 and 80 and 4 patients were over 81 years old. The number of patients with the size of the lesion less than 1cm were 23, 16 patients had the size of 1cm to 2cm and 8 patients lesion were larger than 2cm. 22 lesions were located at the hard palate, 2 were at the soft palate, 6 were at the junction of hard and soft palate, 8 were at the buccal mucosa, 1 was at the upper lip mucosa, 3 were at the retromolar pad, 2 were at the tongue, 4 were at the parotid gland, 2 were at the floor of mouth, 1 was at the faucial pillar, 3 were at the bronchus, 1 was at the esophagus, 2 were at the nasopharynx, 1 was at the nasal septum, 1 was at the lung, 1was at the nasal cavity. In this case the lesion was found at an unusual location and although SP is known to be a benign tumor it may present bone resorption and have malignant characteristics.

중국 수묵화는 당송시대에 가장 발달하였고, 대표적인 문화 장르 중 하나이며, 중국 수묵화를 표현하는 방식은 여러 가지가 있다. 오늘날 게임과 애니메이션 제작기술이 발전함에 따라 기존 수묵화 표현방법을 게임에 적용하여 표현효과를 고양하려는 시도가 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 3D 게임 환경에서 중국 수묵화를 표현하는 방법에 대해 연구를 하였으며 기존 게임 엔진에서 PBR 기술을 이용하여 중국 수묵화를 표현하고 실제 게임 제작에 적용하였다. 이를 통해 중국 수묵화의 표현효과를 게임에 재현하였다.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of whole crop rice (WCR) based TMR on growth performance and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo steers. WCR “Yeongwoo”was harvested at yellow ripen stage and ensiled for 60 days. The crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) and total digestible nutrient (TDN) content was 8.4 %, 28.0 %, 53.8 %, 72.4 % and 66.8 %, respectively. For silage quality, pH was 4.37 and lactic and butyric acid content were 2.84 and 0.04 % in DM. Sixteen Hanwoo steers (8-mon-old) were allocated into either a control (commercial TMR) and WCR-TMR (WCR-based TMR) group. The TMR were fed according to the feeding stage phase: growing (Initiate∼14 month), early fattening (15 month∼21 month) and late fattening (22 month∼30 month). The body weight of control group increased (P<0.05) until early fattening stage, but late growing stage of WCR-TMR group was higher than that of control (P<0.05). Average daily gain (ADG) was significantly greater (P<0.05) in WCR-TMR group (total 0.78 kg/head) compared to control (total 0.66 kg/head) except for late fattening stage. The marketing weight and carcass weight were higher in WCR-TMR group (726 vs 765 kg; 417.8 vs 450.4 kg). The back fat thickness (11.75 vs 13.00 mm), Longissimus dorsi area (88.00 vs 89.88 ㎠) and yield index (65.87 vs 64.30) were not different between the two groups (P>0.05) and also no difference in meat yield grade (A : B : C = 2 : 4 : 2). Marbling score (4.00 vs 4.13), meat color (4.75 vs 4.75), fat color (3.13 vs 2.88), texture (1.25 vs 1.50) and maturity (2.00 vs 2.00) were not significant difference between the two groups and meat quality grade (1++:1+:1:2:3=0:2:4:2:0) was also not different. In conclusion, TMR feeding based on WCR silage showed superiority in carcass yield and ADG compared to control TMR. It is considered that the use of WCR for feed is a necessary option for the substitution of the imported forages and the government's policy for rice production adjustment.

The US-Korea FTA, in its initial days of negotiation saw severe protests by public and political turmoil in Seoul. After crossing several procedural hoops and political hurdles in parliaments of both countries it became effective in 2012, though it was signed in 2007. At that time, it was considered by the US a ‘model agreement’ which could open opportunities for the US exporters in the Korean market. However, only couple of years later, the Trump administration called this FTA a ‘horrible’ deal that has ‘destroyed’ America. Thus, the Trump administration wanted to scrap the FTA. After considering the political implications of such action, the US government decided to re-negotiate the FTA so that the US concerns are addressed. In a short period of negotiation, both sides agreed to the revised terms of the FTA which has become effective from January 1, 2019. This paper analyses outcomes of the revised US-Korea FTA, 2018 from the US perspective and evaluate if all concerns of the US are met.

The KVN(Korean VLBI Network)-style simultaneous multi-frequency receiving mode is demonstrated to be promising for mm-VLBI observations. Recently, other Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) facilities all over the globe start to implement compatible optics systems. Simultaneous dual/multi-frequency VLBI observations at mm wavelengths with international baselines are thus possible. In this paper, we present the results from the first successful simultaneous 22/43 GHz dualfrequency observation with KaVA(KVN and VERA array), including images and astrometric results. Our analysis shows that the newly implemented simultaneous receiving system has brought a significant extension of the coherence time of the 43 GHz visibility phases along the international baselines. The astrometric results obtained with KaVA are consistent with those obtained with the independent analysis of the KVN data. Our results thus confirm the good performance of the simultaneous receiving systems for the non-KVN stations. Future simultaneous observations with more global stations bring even higher sensitivity and micro-arcsecond level astrometric measurements of the targets.

Extranodal intraoral Hodgkin lymphoma is not common. We report the case of a 78-year-old male patient with ulcer of the mandibular oral mucosa that was not cured for about 3 weeks. In biopsy and histopathologic examination, it was found to be extranodal intraoral Hodgkin lymphoma. Early diagnosis of oral lesions led to early detection of lesions of the opposite neck lymph node in an additional PET-CT scan. We report this case and review relevant literature.