Many countries around the world are pursuing various support policies to foster start-ups national widely in order to secure new economic growth engines in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The South Korean government announced the diffusion strategy for the 2’nd round Start-up Boom in March 2019 and is promoting the support policies for start-up incubating by various programs. Many incubators and startup accelerators operate various kinds of programs to foster start-ups using government financial supports. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of entrepreneurship and technical capability of entrepreneurs as the internal factors of the technology-based start-ups and the effects of programs supported by the government as an external factor on the corporate performance of a start-up company, and the mediating effects of core competence of start-ups were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The results show that the entrepreneurship, technical capability and the programs supported by incubators or accelerators had no direct effects on the corporate performance of a start-up, but the core competence of the company had complete mediating effects. In addition, the type of program supported by the comprehensive accelerator programs or the marketing supports had effects on the core competence rather than simple financial supports. Lastly, the policy proposals for incubating program support and future research directions along with the limitation are suggested.

The establishment of porcine embryonic stem cells (ESCs) from porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) blastocysts is influenced by in vitro culture day of porcine reconstructed embryo and feeder cell type. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the optimal in vitro culture period for reconstructed porcine SCNT embryos and mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cell type for enhancing colony formation efficiency from the inner cell mass (ICM) of porcine SCNT blastocysts and their outgrowth. As the results, porcine SCNT blastocysts produced through in vitro culture of the reconstructed embryos for 8 days showed significantly increased efficiency in the formation of colonies, compared to those for 7 days. Moreover, MEF feeder cells derived from outbred ICR mice showed numerically the highest efficiency of colony formation in blastocysts produced through in vitro culture of porcine SCNT embryos for 8 days and porcine ESCs with typical ESC morphology were maintained more successfully over Passage 2 on outbred ICR mice-derived MEF feeder cells than on MEF feeder cells derived from inbred C57BL/6 and hybrid B6CBAF1 mice. Overall, the harmonization of porcine SCNT blastocysts produced through in vitro culture of the reconstructed embryos for 8 days and MEF feeder cells derived from outbred ICR mice will greatly contribute to the successful establishment of ESCs derived from porcine SCNT blastocysts.

스트론튬(90Sr)과 니켈(59Ni)은 처분안전성평가에서 중요하게 다루는 핵종들이다. 지하에서 방사성핵종의 이동을 저지하기 위한 다양한 시도가 이루어지고 있는데, 처분시스템에서 용기와 부식반응으로 생기는 광물들 중에 핵종들과 반응성이 뛰어난 광물들이 존재하는 것이 알려졌다. 이들 중에서 철-황화합광물인 맥키나와이트(FeS)를 선정하여 스트론튬, 니켈과 수착 실험을 하였다. 심부지하에서 환원 알카리 환경을 고려하여, pH 8 ~ 12까지 조건에서 pH에 따른 수착영향을 살펴보았다. 실험결과, 스트론튬은 낮은 알카리영역에서 수착능이 저조하였지만, 니켈은 전 실험영역에서 높은 수착능을 보였다. 또, 두 핵종 모두 알카리 조건에서 pH가 증가할수록 수착량(Kd)이 증가하였는데, 이는 pH가 증가하면서 풍부해진 OH‐이온이 광 물표면에 수소나 양이온과 결합해 탈착하면서 광물표면에 전기음성도가 증가해 양이온인 스트론튬과 니켈을 전기적 인력으로 끌어당기기 때문으로 여겨진다.

Electrical stimulation (ES) is known to guide the development and regeneration of many tissues. Use of low-frequency ES for therapeutic purposes has been increasing during the last decades. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an appealing alternative cell source for cartilage repair. There are studies that induce differentiation into cartilage cells by treating the growth factors in stem cells or altering the properties of stem cells by genetic modification. In this study, we exposed equine adipose tissue-derived MSCs (eAD-MSCs) to ES and assessed changes in the chondrogenic differentiation potential. The cells obtained from equine adipose tissue attached to culture plates and expanded in vitro. Flow cytometric analysis at third passage indicated that the cells were strongly positive for CD44, CD90, and CD105, but negative for CD13, CD34, and CD45. Next, ES was applied to eAD-MSCs cultured under condition of high-density micromass under ES of 10 V/cm, with duration of 10 ms and a frequency of 2.0 Hz for three days. Gene expression of chondrogenic markers such as collagen type II, Aggrecan, and Sox9 was analyzed at three days of ES. As a result, we observed the differentiation potential of eAD-MSCs into chondrocytes by specific ES in absence of exogenous growth factors. We also found that ES upregulated the expression of heat shock protein 70, which affects cartilage formation. This study may contribute to the differentiation of MSCs into chondrogenic lineage under specific ES condition.

감성공학이라는 개념이 대두된 이래로 게임 산업에서도 감성적 성향에 기반한 게임을 개발하려는 움직임이 나타났다. 기존의 경쟁과 승리를 갈구하는 게임 방식에서 인간의 감성을 자극해 몰입을 유도하는 방식으로 전환된 것이다. 따라서 게임을 출시하기 전 개발단계에서 감성평가라는 시스템이 적용되었다. 감성 평가 시스템은 게임 인터페이스, 시스템 등의 사용성과 플레이어의 감성 욕구를 검증할 수 있는 평가 방법이다. 하지만 문항 선택 방식의 평가 방식으로는 평가자의 주관에 의존해야 한다는 단점이 있으며, 게임에 충분히 몰입을 했는지의 여부에 의해 평가자의 답변이 바뀔 수 있다는 문제가 있다. 특히 게임은 다른 미디어 콘텐츠에 비해 몰입성에 대한 영향을 크게 받는 편이며 몰입성은 수치를 통한 계량화가 힘들기 때문에 평가 대상으로 삼기 힘든 면이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 시선 추적 기술을 이용해 플레이어의 몰입도를 측정한 뒤 감성 평가를 실시하여 감성 평가의 신뢰성을 높이는 방법을 제안하고자 한다.

A liver mass was incidentally revealed in a 10-year-old male neutered Himalayan cat on radiographic examination conducted in a local animal hospital. The abdominal distention had worsened over the past five months, along with intermittent vomiting and nausea for two weeks. Serum chemistry was unremarkable, except for elevated alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Radiography revealed a round-shaped soft mass in the cranial abdomen. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a well defined, massive, fluid-filled cyst with multiple lobes, and heterogeneous echogenicity in the pancreas. Computed tomography examination revealed hypoplasia of the left lobes of the liver, but the vascular changes and enhancement of the mass were not observed on contrast computed tomography images. The herniation of the abdominal fat through the diaphragm was incidentally observed on sonography and computed tomography scan. The patient was tentatively diagnosed with pancreatic cyst. The laparotomy revealed that the origin was not related to the pancreas, but was suspended from the liver. The mass was multilobular and filled with approximately 120 ml of fluid containing a few white blood cells. The patient recovered from anesthesia, but showed postoperative respiratory depression and died of cardiac arrest 15 hours later. Histopathologically, the mass was definitively diagnosed to be hepatic cellular carcinoma.

Persistent left cranial vena cava (PLCVC) is a remnant vessel connected with the coronary sinus and draining into the right atrium. A 3-month-old intact male Bichon Frise was evaluated for the presence of a mechanical murmur auscultation in the local animal hospital. No significant clinical signs were present on physical examination except mechanical murmur. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was diagnosed in the imaging procedure. During the left thoracotomy, PLCVC was found. The vascular malformation made the surgical process difficult by hiding PDA from the left thoracotomy surgical view. PLCVC and the vagus nerve was carefully dissected and lifted to secure a clear surgical view of PDA. The ductus arteriosus was ligated. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) was performed postoperatively. On CTA, left brachiocephalic vein retaining connection with the coronary sinus draining into the right atrium was observed. CTA is highly recommended for dogs with PDA to provide better postoperative results.

The South Korean government is actively assisting the supply of the smart factory solutions to SMEs (Small & Medium-sized Enterprises) according to its manufacturing innovation 3.0 policy for the smart manufacturing as the 4th industrial revolution era unfolds. This study analyzed the impacts of the smart factory solutions, which have been supplied by the government, on the companies performances. The effects of the level of smart factory and the operation capabilities for the smart factory solutions on company performances, and the mediating effects of manufacturing capabilities have been analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The data for this survey-based study were collected from the SMEs which implemented the smart factory solutions since 2015. The results show that the level of smart factory solutions adopted and operation capabilities for the smart factories do not have direct effects on the company performances, but their mediating effects on the manufacturing capabilities matter and the manufacturing capabilities effect directly on the company performances. In addition significant factors boosting the operation capability for the smart factory and the levels of the smart factory solutions are identified. Finally, the policy direction for enhancing the smart factory effects is presented, and the future research directions along with the limitations are suggested.