We present the analysis of a planetary microlensing event OGLE-2019-BLG-0362 with a shortduration anomaly (∼0.4 days) near the peak of the light curve, which is caused by the resonant caustic. The event has a severe degeneracy with Δχ2 = 0.9 between the close and the wide binary lens models both with planet-host mass ratio q ≃ 0.007. We measure the angular Einstein radius but not the microlens parallax, and thus we perform a Bayesian analysis to estimate the physical parameters of the lens. We find that the OGLE-2019-BLG-0362L system is a super-Jovian-mass planet Mp = 3.26+0.83 −0.58 MJ orbiting an M dwarf Mh = 0.42+0.34 −0.23 M⊙ at a distance DL = 5.83+1.04 −1.55 kpc. The projected star-planet separation is a⊥ = 2.18+0.58 −0.72 AU, which indicates that the planet lies beyond the snow line of the host star.

There is a need for the purification of indoor air owing to a high rate of pollution in today’s world. For this, cabin air filters (CAFs) are widely used, which requires the addition of certain adsorbents to increase the volatile organic compound (VOC) removal efficiency. However, this addition causes high-pressure resistance, which may hamper commercial applications by requiring more energy and negatively affecting fresh air delivery rate. Hence, in this study, a high-performance combined CAF (CCAF) with excellent dust and chemical filtration performance and low differential pressure was prepared using granular activated carbon (GAC)/activated carbon fiber (ACF) mixed medium. The GAC/ACF mixed medium had higher air permeability than the ACF medium of the same weight, and it exhibited similar ultrafine dust filtration performance to the ACF medium without an increase in differential pressure. In addition, the GAC/ACF mixed medium showed excellent gas removal performance without increasing differential pressure by combining the VOC removal characteristics of the GAC and ACF filter media. The improved VOC removal performance of the GAC/ACF mixed medium was due to the hybrid effect of the hierarchical pore structures of the GAC and the nearly uniform pore structures of the ACF, which resulted in a slow and increased gas adsorption by the GAC and rapid gas adsorption of the ACF.

A thermally conductive film can be used to laterally conduct heat along the surface of glass windows, toward its edges where a heat sink could be located, thereby reducing temperature differential between the inside and outside surfaces of the window and thus lowering cross-sectional conductive heat transfer. This technique can offer optimized thermal energy management to modern buildings without the weight and cost of double- or triple-glazed window panels. In this work, a thermally conductive film was developed using carbon dots with inherently high thermal conductivity. Nitrogen atoms were then added to the carbon dots structure to intensify high-frequency phonon that would result in higher lateral thermal conductivity. The nitrogen-decorated carbon dots (NCDs) were prepared by a simple hydrothermal synthesis of citric acid with the addition of ethylenediamine as the N source. The NCDs were added to a cellulose-based solution and drop-casted onto FTO glass resulting in a transparent, laterally thermally conductive film, that also blocks ultraviolet (UV) and high-intensity blue light radiation. The visible-light transmission of the NCDs’ film was found to be up to 65%, comparable to the commercial solar films. The lateral thermal conductivity of the NCDs’ film increases with increasing N content up to an optimum level, suggesting the role of N to “concentrate’ the high-frequency phonons responsible for effective lateral thermal conductivity of the films.

As frontier materials, graphene oxide (GO) and graphene have penetrated almost all research areas and advanced numerous technologies in sensing, electronics, energy storage, catalysis, water treatment, advanced composites, biomedical, and more. However, the affordable large-scale synthesis of high-quality GO and graphene remains a significant challenge that negatively affects its commercialisation. In this article, firstly, a simple, scalable approach was demonstrated to synthesise high-quality, high yield GO by modifying the improved Hummers method. The advantages of the optimised process are reduced oxidation time, straightforward washing steps without using coagulation step, reduction in cost as eliminating the use of phosphoric acid, use of minimum chemical reagents, and increased production of GO per batch (~ 62 g). Subsequently, the produced GO was reduced to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) using three different approaches: green reduction using ascorbic acid, hydrothermal and thermal reduction techniques. The GO and rGO samples were characterised using various microscopy and spectroscopy techniques such as XRD, Raman, SEM, TEM, XPS and TGA. The rGO prepared using different methods were compared thoroughly, and it was noticed that rGO produced by ascorbic acid reduction has high quality and high yield. Furthermore, surface (surface wettability, zeta potential and surface area) and electrical properties of GO and different rGO were evaluated. The presented synthesis processes might be potentially scaled up for large-scale production of GO and rGO.

Due to its capacity to manufacture low-cost 3D-printed structures, 3D-printing technology offers a unique opportunity for the fast epitome of various applications. Using a typical fused deposition modeling 3D printer along with a Discovery extruder, a graphene-ink can be 3D printed to produce an interdigitated electrode (IDE) arrangement. This work fabricated a 3D-printed planar supercapacitor from pristine graphene-ink without using high-temperature processing or functional additives. The printable ink (89%) is formulated from pristine graphene without the addition of any functional additives. The symmetric flexible supercapacitor is demonstrated with an excellent specific capacitance of 137.50 F/g at 0.5 A/g and an energy density of 12.23 Wh/kg. The obtained gravimetric energy density beats reported earlier carbon-based supercapacitors that are 3D or inkjet printed. The flexibility and robustness of 3D-printed devices are achieved up to 150° folding angles. This work demonstrates an efficient and easy method for fabricating practical energy storage devices featuring a customizable shape and excellent flexibility.

Abstract Biosensors are a group of measurement systems and their design is based on the selective identification of analyses based on biological components and physical and chemical detectors. Biosensors consist of three components: biological element, detector, and converter. The design of biosensors in various fields of biological sciences, medicine has expanded significantly. Biosensor technology actually represents a combination of biochemistry, molecular biology, chemistry, physics, electronics, and telecommunications. A biosensor actually consists of a small sensor and biological material fixed on it. Because biosensors are a powerful tool for identifying biological molecules, today they are used in various medical sciences, chemical industry, food industry, environmental monitoring, pharmaceutical production, health, etc. In fact, these sensors are a powerful tool to identify biological molecules. In fact, biosensors are analytical tools that can use biological intelligence to detect and react with a compound or compounds, and thus create a chemical, optical, or electrical message. The basis of a biosensor is to convert a biological response into a message. In this category, the use of telecommunication engineering technology and electromagnetic waves and frequency and radio spectrum is growing more and more to detect, measure, and determine the desired parameters in microbiology and laboratory sciences. The use of radio, optical, electromagnetic, ultrasonic, and infrared wave detection technology is part of the applications of telecommunication science in this field. Even image and audio processing systems have been instrumental in the discussion of biosensors in microbiology. The science of using fiber optics and waveguides, micro-strip antennas, and microelectromechanical technology is also very efficient in the construction and design of these biosensors.

The study aims to analyse data security in the financial and banking sector of China. The data laws provide a ‘consent-oriented’ approach where consent, along with a limited list of exceptions, is the legal basis for the processing of personal information. The personal data protection mechanism comprised the Data Security Law, the Cybersecurity Law, and the Personal Information Protection Law. Taken together, they cover all areas of information security and establish a severe data protection regime: they determine the scope of regulation, objects and subjects, responsibility, and institutional control mechanisms. For an accurate assessment, it is necessary to wait for the adoption of by-laws that specify the provisions of these laws. The financial and banking sector already has several by-laws in place that set stringent standards for the security of personal information. The leading role in this mechanism is taken by the financial regulator - the People’s Bank of China.

This study was carried out to evaluate the seeding date and performance of early maturing rye cultivars for the Dry matter yield (DMY) and nutritive value during 2016 and 2017 in Yeongseo region of Gangwondo, South Korea. The experimental field was designed as a split-plot arrangement. The treatments were two planting dates on September 25 and October 02 as the main plots, and two cultivars of forage rye including Gogu and Koolgrazer as sub-plots. The cultivars were harvested on April 26 at the heading stage of both years. In this experiment, the sowing dates and cultivars of the forage rye did not effect on DMY. The DMY had no significant differences among the cultivars of forage rye and seeding date of both years. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in the DMY of Gogu and Koolgrazer in both seeding date and years. The CP, NDF, ADF, and RFV had no significant differences among the cultivars of forage rye and seeding date of both years. Considering the DMY and nutritive value of the current experiment, seeding of forage rye cultivars Gogu and Koolgrazer on September 25 and October 2 could be used as an recommended seeding date at northern area. In addition, based on the climate characteristics of the region, both cultivars had relatively similar forage yield and quality that makes them to be recommended for cultivation in the region. This study is meaningful in that DMY was first presented in Yeongseo region where there is no cultivation data for forage rye.

고객의 ‘갑질’로부터 서비스 조직 구성원을 보호해야 한다는 논의가 활발하게 이루어지면서 고객의 비인 격적인 행동에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 고객의 무례한 행동(customer incivility)로 인하여 서비스 조직 의 구성원들은 심리적으로 큰 어려움을 겪고 있으며, 우울증과 극단적 선택까지 고려하는 상황이 되었다. 이러한 점에서 조직은 고객의 무례한 행동의 부정적 결과를 인식하고 이를 개선하기 위한 노력이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 고객의 무례한 행동이 스트레스를 통해 서비스 몰입과 이직의도에 미치는 과정에서 작용하 는 메커니즘을 확인하는 목적으로 수행되었다. 특히, 고객의 무례한 행동이 구성원들에게 미치는 부정적 효과를 보다 엄격하게 확인하기 위하여, 조직 내부에서 발생할 수 있는 직속상사의 비인격적 감독(abusive supervision)을 통제하였다. 가설검증을 위하여 2019년 5월에서 8월 사이 수도권 서비스직 종사자를 대상 으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 최종 205개의 설문을 기반으로 실증분석을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 분석 결과 고객의 무례한 행동은 구성원들의 서비스 몰입을 낮추고, 이직의도를 높이는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 이 과정에서 스트레스가 매개 효과를 가짐을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 실증분석 결과를 바탕으로 이론적·실무 적 시사점을 논의하였으며, 향후의 연구 과제를 제시하였다.

This study was conducted to provide basic data on controlling boring insect pests by identifying the damage and the occurrence ecology of beetles, which are boring insect pests that seriously damage Castanea crenata, an income tree of mountain farms. By location, the damage rate was 62.5% at the foot of mountain, 61.4% at the mountain range, and 61.3% at the mountain peak. By region, the damage rate was the highest in Hapcheon at 65.3%, followed by 62.5% at Hadong and 58.1% at Jinju. The total number of adult fables was 171, followed by 49.1% (84) for Moechotypa diphysis, 39.2% (67) for Batocera lineolata, and 11.7% (20) for Anoplophora malasiaca. As for the male and female ratio of imago, Moechotypa diphysis had 51.2% (43) female and 48.4% (41) male. The percentage of emergence of beetles, which are boring insect pests appearing in the specimen collected by the survey area, was 46.0% in Hapcheon, 32.9% in Hadong, and 21.1% in Jinju. As for the prevalence of beetles, Batocera lineolata appeared from June 22 which is the first day of the emergence period to August 30, and the amount of emergence by the prevalence period was 3.0% in June, 46.2% in July, and 47.8% in August. Anoplophora malasiaca appeared from May 20 to July 20, and the amount of emergence by prevalence period was 5.0% in May, 10.0% in June, and 75.0% in July. Moechotypa diphysis first appeared from August 10 to September 30, and the amount of emergence by prevalence period was 1.2% in July, 51.2% in August, and 46.4% in September. As for the number of eggs laid by beetles, Anoplophora malasiaca laid 90±6, Batocera lineolate laid 75±5, and Moechotypa diphysis laid 60±6.

고치벌과의 송충살이고치벌아과에 속하는 Aleiodes thirakupti (Butcher et al., 2012)을 국내 최초로 보고한다. 본 종에 대한 진단, 분포 및 삽 화를 제공한다.

과실파리, 굴파리의 유충에 기생하는 Areotetes van Achterberg & Li, 2013(벌목: 고치벌과: 꽃파리고치벌아과)는 중국에서 처음으로 보고 된 바 있다. 현재까지 Areotetes속에는 4종이 보고되어 있다. 금번 연구에서 Areotetes속의 1종, Areotetes carinuliferus van Achterberg & Li, 2013를 한국에서 처음으로 보고하며, 본 종의 형태 진단, 분포, 도해도를 작성하였고, 추가적으로 미토콘드리아 COI 데이터를 제공한다.

A porous-carbon material UiO-66-C was prepared from metal–organic frameworks UiO-66 by carbonization in inert gas atmosphere. Physicochemical properties of UiO-66-C materials were well characterized by Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectrometer, N2 adsorption/ desorption isotherms (BET), and the adsorption properties of the products were studied UiO-66-C has a high specific surface area up to 1974.17 m2/ g. Besides, the adsorption capacity of tetracycline could reach 678.19 mg/g, the adsorption processes agreed well with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model.

Detritiation of low-level tritiated water has become global issue after Fukushima accident. Several attempts have been made to reduce the radioactivity of Fukushima tritiated water below legal limit of nuclear plant effluents (~104 Bq·L−1). Various technologies such as water distillation, electrolysis, and catalytic exchange were tested to treat the tritiated water, however, those demand enormous expense to achieve the goal due to low process efficiency. It highlights that the performance enhancement of current technologies is necessary to improve economic feasibility. We have quantitatively evaluated the separation performance of various polymers toward low-level tritium (~105 Bq·L−1) through batch experiments. The polystyrene with grafted by 20 types of functional groups (Tris (2-aminoethyl) amine, dimethylaminomethyl, isocyanate, mercaptomethyl, aminomethyl, hydroxymethyl, triphenylphosphine, morpholine, 2-chlorotrityl amine, 4-(dimethylamino) pyridine, poly (vinyl chloride) carboxylated, poly (4-vinyl pyridine), p-toluenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonyl hydrazide, piperidine, acetyl polystyrene, 2-chlorotrityl chloride, piperazine, diethylene triamine, poly (vinyl chloride)) were suspended in HTO solution (initial activity = 4.7 × 105 Bq·L−1). After the equilibration, the suspension was filtered using 3 kDa membrane filter and the activity in filtrates were quantified by LSC (HIDEX-300 SL). The results demonstrate the detritiation efficiency and separation factors of functional groups toward tritium. Carboxylic group (COOH) showed the most reactive performance as detritiation efficiency of ~4%. Compared to other functional groups, styrene sulfonyl groups including sulfonyl amide (SNH2) and sulfonyl hydrazide (SNHNH2) revealed promising performance for tritium separation as separation factor of 10.97 and 3.85, respectively. However, sulfonyl hydroxide (SOH) which is known as reactive functional group to tritium exchange showed the poor performance (detritiation efficiency: 0.68%; separation factor: 3.02). This study could suggest the promising functional groups for detritiation of low-level tritiated water which can be utilized to enhance the performance of current technologies. For example, reactive functional groups can be grafted on the surface of packing material within distillation tower resulting in the increasing detritiation efficiency.

A large amount of acidic wastewater was generated from the soil washing process. This study focuses on the capture for the radionuclide, especially cesium (Cs), in soil washing wastewater. We conducted the two-step process to reduce the amount of radioactive wastewater after soil washing using the coagulants and adsorbents in each step. We synthesized the adsorbent to capture Cs radionuclides in acidic wastewater (pH < 1). Based on the results, we found that the optimum ratio (NiFC:PAN) was 3.5:1 for the removal efficiency and strength of adsorbent. We compare the NiFC powder and NiFC-PAN for removal efficiency and separation of adsorbent after batch test, showing that the removal efficiency and separation of NiFC-PAN was lower and higher than NiFC power, respectively. We conducted the radioactive experiment to evaluate the satisfaction below release criteria (< 10 Bq·L−1, Cs), reporting that NIFC-PAN adsorbent meet the release criteria. These results showed that NiFC-PAN is promising adsorbent for Cs capture in strong acidic wastewater generated from soil washing and separation after capture process.

The disposing method of the low-intermediate-level radioactive waste, near-surface disposal facilities are generally used. This disposal method refers to a method of constructing a concrete structure on the surface of the ground, putting radioactive waste in it, and covering it with an engineered barrier to isolate human life. Among these, engineered barriers mean covering multiple layers of heterogeneous materials such as sand, clay, and gravel. Engineering barriers have the purpose of delaying the release of radioactive materials into the natural environment as much as possible, and maintaining the isolation of radioactive waste and human life for as long as possible. In this study, the design and construction method of the facility to demonstrate the performance of the engineered barrier that isolates the surface disposal facility from nature was described. In addition, the design and construction method of monitoring technology that can monitor the safety of engineered barriers by measuring information such as moisture, temperature, and slope safety in real time was also explained.

During decommissioning of a nuclear power plant, a large amount of radioactive waste is produced, and it is known to cost more than 300 billion won to dispose the waste. To reduce the disposal cost, it is essential to minimize the number of radioactive waste drums, which can be achieved by detecting and removing hotspot contaminations in the radioactive waste drums. Therefore, a Compton CT system for radioactive waste monitoring is under development, which provides the images of both the internal structure of the drum and the radioactive hotspot(s) in the drum. Based on the acquired information, the activity of hotspots can be estimated. The performance of the system is affected by various geometry factors. Therefore, it is essential to determine optimal configuration by evaluating the effects of the factors on the performance of the system. In the present study, we determined the optimum value of the factors and then predicted the performance of the optimized system by using a simulator based on the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation. For optimization, the factors were evaluated in terms of structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and measurement time. The considered factors were the activity of the CT source, source to object distance (SOD), object to detector distance (ODD), and projection angle. The simulation result showed that the activities of the CT sources were determined as 23 mCi for 137Cs and 9.6 mCi for 60Co. The optimal SOD and ODD were 180 cm and 40 cm, respectively. The optimal projection angle was evaluated as 4° since it achieves the SSIM of 0.95 faster than other projection angles. With the optimized parameters, the performance of the system was evaluated using the IAEA gamma CT standard phantom containing a hotspot of 137Cs (7.02 μCi). The Compton image was reconstructed using the back-projection algorithm, and the CT image was reconstructed using the filtered back-projection algorithm. The result showed that the location of the hotspot in the Compton image was well identified at the true position. The acquired CT image also well represented the internal structure of the phantom, and the estimated mean linear attenuation coefficient value (μ= 0.0789 cm−1) of the phantom was close to the true value (μ= 0.0752 cm−1). In addition, the hotspot activity estimated by combining the information of the Compton image and CT image was 8.06 μCi. Hence, it was found that the Compton CT system provides essential information for radioactive waste drums.

Numerous low-and intermediate level radioactive wastes were generated from the decommissioning processes of nuclear power plants. Radionuclides such as Co and Cs contained in decommissioning wastes should be immobilized to prevent the release of radionuclides from the wastes due to its harmful impacts on ecosystem by high radioactivity and long half-life. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) used as decontamination agent can be contained in cement waste during decommissioning process of nuclear power plants. In addition, EDTA can be stably and strongly bound with radionuclides, resulting in the acceleration of the nuclide release from solidified cement matrix. Here, we investigated the effects of EDTA on leaching behaviors of Co and Cs immobilized in the cement specimen. The leaching tests were performed according to the ANS 16.1 “Measurement of the leachability of solidified low-level radioactive wastes by a short-term test procedure”. From the results, an increase in the EDTA content in the cement specimen led to an increase in Co leaching, whereas a decrease in Cs leaching. Leaching of Cs was dominantly controlled by diffusion from the pore space of the cement specimen to the solution. The effective diffusion coefficient and leachability index of nuclide were determined using the diffusion-release models of ANS 16.1. The results of present study can be used in the safety assessment for disposal of the radioactive waste generated by decommissioning of nuclear power plants.

Elite trees of evergreen oaks (Quercus glauca, Quercus acuta, Quercus salicina, and Quercus gilva) were selected from Jeju Island and Wando Island. Elite trees were carried out by modifying the tree selection criteria. Elite trees were selected by height, DBH, clear length, crown diameter, leaf length, and leaf depth. Regarding height, Q. acuta was the highest, and the other three tree species were similar. Clear length showed the same trend as height. In the case of Q. glauca, height showed a positive correlation with DBH, crown diameter and leaf depth. In the case of Q. acuta, positive correlations were shown with all characteristics of DBH, and correlation analysis between DBH and crown diameter, and leaf length and leaf depth also showed positive correlations. In the Pearson correlation coefficient of Q. salicina, height showed a positive correlation with DBH. In the case of Q. gilva, height showed a positive correlation with DBH (0.539). As a result of analyzing the principal components for each of the six growth characteristics, the four species were divided into two principal components with an eigenvalue of 1 or higher, and the cumulative explanatory power was 57% or more. Based on the principal component results, it was possible to confirm the relationship between growth and trait characteristics by species. Still, it was not easy to understand the relationship among each selection tree, so a cluster analysis was performed using the principal component score. Based on the distance levels 5.0 and 6.0 of the selection tree of each species, they were classified into 4-5 clusters. It is judged that the above results can be used as data for the selection of elite trees of evergreen oaks.