Measures of radiographic pelvic and spinal parameters of sagittal balance analysis have become of considerable importance for reconstructive surgery of the spine, particularly in cases of degenerative spondylolisthesis. The authors conducted a retrospective study of clinical outcomes and a radiological review on 231 patients with one or two level degenerative spondylolisthesis. First, patients were classified using preoperative pelvic parameters and evaluations were conducted using mean values of pre- and postoperative spinopelvic parameters. Second, patients were divided into two study groups, that is, Group A (n=105; exhibited no improvement (increase or no change) in pelvic tilt postoperatively) and Group B (n=126; exhibited pelvic tilt improvement (decrease) postoperatively). Clinical outcomes in the two groups were compared using Visual Analogue Pain Scores (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI). All preoperative pelvic parameters show restoration tendency after PLIF surgery for spondylolisthesis, and greater deviations of preoperative pelvic parameters from normality showed greater recovery postoperatively. VAS and ODI improvements at follow-up were poorer in group A than in group B.

Cranioplasty following decompressive craniectomy is regarded as a relatively simple and safe procedure to protect the brain and improve neurological function. However, some serious complications, such as infection, hematoma, bone resorption, seizure, and epidural or subdural fluid collection may develop after cranioplasty. Among these complications, epidural fluid collection after cranioplasty is not well described and with limited reports on the same. Here, we report recurrent epidural fluid collection after cranioplasty, eventually necessitating the removal of the bone flap. This study discusses the possible pathological mechanisms of this undesirable complication with a review of the literature.

Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy is getting popular technique as an alternative to conventional discectomy. This endoscopic surgery have many advantages such as less injury to muscle and soft tissue, less postoperative pain, and shorter operation time without general anesthesia and shortened hospitalization. We performed retrospective controlled randomized study from January 2008 to April 2015. Total 250 patients were treated by surgery (open microdiscectomy and endoscopic discectomy) during eight years. Age, sex, and operation level were not statistically significant difference about recurrent rate. Likewise, operation technique such as endoscopic discectomy or open discectomy were not statistically significant difference for recurrent rate.

Bertolotti’s syndrome is a spinal disorder characterized by abnormal enlargement of the transverse process of the most caudal lumbar vertebra. Pseudoarticulation between the transverse process of L5 and the alar of the sacrum can cause buttock pain and leg pain. A total 50 patients were selected as pure L5 transverse processectomy. The patient’s mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was 7.56±0.89 and postoperative VAS was 3.41±1.84. According to Macnab's criteria, 9 patients showed excellent results, and 27 patients showed good result, 8 patients showed fair, 2 patients showed poor results.

Bertolotti’s syndrome is a spinal disorder characterized by abnormal enlargement of the transverse process of the most caudal lumbar vertebra. Pseudoarticulation between the transverse process of L5 and the alar of the sacrum can cause buttock pain and leg pain. A total 50 patients were selected as pure L5 transverse processectomy. The patient’s mean visual analogue scale (VAS) was 7.56±0.89 and postoperative VAS was 3.41±1.84. According to Macnab's criteria, 9 patients showed excellent results, and 27 patients showed good result, 8 patients showed fair, 2 patients showed poor results.

Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is a progressive degenerative disorder that primarily affects language. Although the etiology of PPA has not been determined, autoimmune mechanism is known to be one possible pathophysiology. We investigate efficacy of steroid treatment in a patient diagnosed as both logopenic variant PPA and Sjögren's syndrome. After steroid treatment, her cognitive function, especially language ability showed improvement. And also, FDG-PET showed metabolic increase in the bilateral temporal lobe. However, on reassessment after stopping steroid treatment, her cognitive performance declined to pretreatment level.

Proportion of elderly patients is gradually increasing in the republic of Korea. However, intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) therapy is recently not recommended in elderly acute ischemic stroke patients, although old age is not a proven contraindication to intravenous rt-PA. The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and prognosis of intravenous thrombolysis in elderly patients.

After percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD), postoperative radiating leg pain could persist and become a common problem. This symptom provides important information for use in deciding on performance of reoperation for remnant disc or recurrent disc herniation. Of 225 patients who underwent PELD, 51 patients had persistent radicular pain. Steroid injection to epidural space resulted in pain reduction of at least 50 % in 15 (30.3 %) of these patients. Thirty five cases showed a bad outcome after steroid injection, indicating high sensitivity for detection of a remnant or disc herniation in follow up Magnetic Resonance images (25 cases, 71.4%). Twenty one patients were treated by reoperation. Steroid injection has a diagnostic value with a high sensitivity for mechanical compression of the nerve root as remaining or recurrent disc herniation in MRI for the necessity of a re-operation.

This study was conducted to identify the genetic basis of the domestication-related traits in weedy rice. An RIL population consisting of 80 lines was developed from a cross between the japonica weedy rice, Hapcheonaengmi 3 and the Tongil-type cultivar Mi

Korean Rice Breeding Information Management System (KRBIMS) is a database and its management system that provides integrated management of the information on rice breeding generation from the crossing parents to the released varieties. It is also a decisi