Leafhopper subfamily, Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae), caused direct damage by sap-sucking or indirect damage by transmission of viruses or diseases on the host plants, so typhlocybinae is one of the important pest groups in the world. Typhlocybinae distribute worldwide and a total of 471 genera and more than 4,300 species have been described. so far, 38 genera and 102 species were recorded in the Korean Peninsula. In this talk, we provide several taxonomic studies for the Korean typhlocybene fauna based on the genus-level reviews of the subfamily from the Korean Peninsula.

The Mesostigmata is an order of Subclass Acari either parasiting to diverse invertebrates or free-living predatory in terrestrial ecosystem. Phoresy is one of the unique behaviors of wingless arthropod dispersal by attaching winged arthropods. We collected mites attached on the dorsal part of abdomen adult sciarid fly, from mushroom culture. The mites were identified as Arctoseius cetratus Sellnick, 1940 in the family of Ascidae. Arctoseius cetratus has short J2, Z1, Z2, and S1, S2 setae, not reaching the bases of following setae. Posterior half of dorsal shield with longitudinal garland of puncta between J and Z setae, peritremes extending anteriorly to midlevel of coxaⅡ. The genus Arctoseius and species Arctoseius cetratus are the first record in Korea. We provided the detail description of the species including the identification key in the family with some ecological notes.

Genus Tautoneura Anufriev, 1969 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Typlocybinae) were recorded 59 species in the world. Among them, only 1 species: Tautoneura mori has been recorded so far in the Korean Peninsula. Tautoneura mori is known as a major pest of Mulberry in China and Japan, and we also confirmed that it appears on Mulberry in Korea. In this talk, we confirmed two new records: Tautoneura japonica, Tautoneura tricolor to the Korean typhlocybinae fauna, and we also discovered one new species to science. Additionally, we provide biological information such as host plants and distributional records, with a key to the Korean Tautoneura species. We also discuss potential status of each species as an agricultural pest concerning its biological traits.

The genus Arboridia Zachvatkin belongs to the tribe Erythroneurini of the subfamily Typhlocybinae (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae). A total of 69 valid species have been described in the Palaearctic and Oriental region. So far, seven species of this genus have been recorded in the Korean Peninsula. In this study, we present two new species, Arboridia sp. nov. 1, Arboridia sp. nov. 2, and provide a key to the Arboridia species in the Korean Peninsula with biological information such as host plants and distributions.

Grapevines are cultivated globally, and are also damaged by a large number of insect pests especially including leafhoppers. Leafhoppers are one of the important insect pests on various crops including grape. Among them, the genus Arboridia Zachvatkin (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) was known as insect pests against grape farming. Eighty species were described in the genus in the world, and eight species were recorded in the Korean Peninsula so far, which are: Arboridia apicalis, A. kakogawana, A. koreacola, A. maculifrons, A. nigrigena, A. okamotonis, A. silvarum, A. suzukii. Among them, A. apicalis, A. kakogawana, A. maculifrons, A. nigrigena, A. suzukii have been known as important insect pests on grapes. In this talk, we propose a new species from the Korean Peninsula, and confirmed two new records: A. agrillacea and A. lunula. Additionally we present differential diagnoses of the Arboridia species damaging on grapevines for the field of applied biology.

During January-November 2012, a total of 2,041 quarter milk samples were collected from dairy cattle of 82 dairy farms nationwide. About 42% (870/2,041) of the samples that had somatic cell counts (SCC) of ≥ 200,000 cells/ml were subjected to microbiological examination. No bacteria was isolated from 95 of 870 (10.9%) samples. Among 1,237 bacteria isolated from the rest 775 samples, 1,085 were identified with VITEK: more than half (52.1%, 645/1,237) of the isolates were gram negative bacillus. Gram positive cocci including Staphylococcus accounted for 35% of the isolates and almost none of gram positive bacilli isolated. Excluding Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), the most frequently isolated bacterial species was Escherichia coli (11.2%, 138/1, 237), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.1%,100/1,237), Staphylococcus aureus (7.1%, 88/1, 237), Enterobacter cloacae (6.0%, 74/1, 237), and Serratia marcescens (3.5%, 43/1, 237). The most common resistance of S. aureus was to penicillin (77.4%) and ampicillin (73.0%), while no resistance was observed against gentamicin and cephalothin. Although CNS presented resistance to all antimicrobials tested but the most prevalent resistance was to penicillin (35.6%) and ampicillin (37.0%). The pattern of antimicrobial resistance observed in CNS was similar to that of S. aureus, but the rates were much lower than those of S. aureus. E. coli also showed resistance to all the antimicrobials tested, although the rates were not very high. The highest resistance of E. coli was to cephalothin (39.4%) and ampicillin (36.2%), while most of the strains (98.0%) showed sensitivity to amikacin. The results of this study provide information on current situation of bovine mastitis in Korea.

An assessment was made of the toxicity of hiba, Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondai, oil and 24 oil constituents and control efficacy of four experimental spray formulations containing the oil (0.5. 1, 2, and 3% sprays) to adult American house dust mite (AHDM), Dermatophagoides farinae, and copra mite (CM), Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Results were compared with those of three conventional acaricides benzyl benzoate, N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (deet), and permethrin. Based on 24 h LC50 values, (–)-thujopsene was the most toxic constituent against AHDM (9.82 μg/cm2) and CM (10.92 μg/cm2) and the toxicity of the compound was nearly identical to that of benzyl benzoate (9.33 and 10.14 μg/cm2). High toxicity was also observed with (–)-(E)-pinocarveol, carvacrol, (+)-terpinen-4-ol, β-thujaplicin, cedrol, α-terpineol, (+)-ledene, thymol, and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol against both mite species (LC50, 11.92–19.19 and 12.49–22.97 μg/cm2). These constituents were more toxic than deet (LC50, 35.53 and 38.42 μg/cm2). Hiba applied as 2 and 3% sprays provided >95% mortality against both mite species, whereas permethrin (cis:trans, 25:75) 2.5 g/L spray treatment resulted in ca 11% mortality. Global efforts to reduce the level of highly toxic synthetic acaricides in indoor environments justify further studies on hiba oil preparations containing the constituents described as potential contact-action fumigants or lead molecules for the control of mite populations.

JAZF1 (Juxtaposed with Another Zinc Finger gene 1) transcription factor are Zn-finger proteins that bind to the nuclear orphan receptor TAK/TR4 (Nakajima et al., 2004). The nuclear orphan receptor TAK1/TR4 functions as a positive as well as a negative regulator of transcription. It was recently reported that congenital cardiovascular malformations are significantly more frequent in Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) patients with microdeletion syndrome than in those with classical NF1. JAZF1 was expressed in adult heart of patients with microdeletion syndrome. JAZF1 is highly conserved among various species include zebrafish. We hypothesized that the expression of zebrafish Jazf1 may lead to severe forms of congenital heart disease that allow the survival of newborns and adults. In this study, we created Jazf1 transgenic zebrafish which over-express zebrafish Jazf1 cDNA under control of the CMV promoter. Our results suggested that Jazf1 expression may play an important role in zebrafish cardiac development.

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have been generated from mouse and human somatic cells by etopic expression of transcription factors. iPS cells are indistinguishable from ES cells in terms of morphology and stem cell marker expression. Moreover, mouse iPS cells give rise to chimeric mice that are competent for germline transmission. However, mice derived from iPS cells often develop tumors. Furthermore, the low efficiency of iPS cell generation is a big disadvantage for mechanistic studies. Nonviral plasmid‐based vectors are free of many of the drawbacks that constrain viral vectors. The histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) has been shown to improve the efficiency of mouse and human iPS cell generation, and vitamin C (Vc) accelerates gene expression changes and establishment of the fully reprogrammed state. The MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (Stemgent) has been shown to increase the efficiency of the reprogramming of human primary fibroblasts into iPS cells. In this report, we described the generation of mouse iPS cells devoid of exogenous DNA by the simple transient transfection of a nonviral vector carrying 2A‐peptide‐linked reprogramming factors. We used VPA, Vc, and the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 to increase the reprogramming efficiency. The reprogrammed somatic cells expressed pluripotency markers and formed EBs.

The aim of this study was to develop Prevotella intermedia ATCC 49046-specific PCR primers designed based on the nucleotide sequence of a DNA probe Pig28. The strainspecificity of the PCR primers, Pig28-F1/Pig28-R1, was confirmed with 9 strains of P. intermedia and 25 strains (15 species) of Prevotella species. The detection limit of the PCR primers was 2 pg of the purified genomic DNA of P. intermedia ATCC 49046. These PCR primers were found to be useful for identifying P. intermedia ATCC 49046, particularly for determining the authenticity of the strain.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and reveal the effects that the complex exercise training consisting of aerobic exercise and strength training(sit up, push up) that everyone can easily practice regardless of a time and a place in order to manage practically the physical strength of the aged affects the difference on their body composition and the change of physical fitness level. Looking into the change of body composition of an experimental group, the weight of 2.5kg was reduced after applying complex training for 12 weeks and the body fat mass of 2.65kg was reduced. Also, the abdominal fat of 0.13% was decreased and the muscle mass of 1.56kg was increased. For the change factors of physical fitness, cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, balance and flexibility excluding agility showed significant improvement after applying complex exercise training. The improvement of health fitness of the aged under this study was significantly effective to improve specified body functions which had been lowered by aging and insufficient physical activities. So, it is regarded that their health fitness is the important factor to improve the activity competence required for daily life and to lead healthy living by the improved activity competence. Henceforth, it needs to study more the complex composition of several sports, exercise intensity and the frequency based on the previous researches and studies. In addition, it needs to develop the complex exercise training in accordance with various characteristics such as a sex of the aged, an age, a physical fitness level, environment, a disease and the program in consideration of the efficacy and safety during training.

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum composition of sex pheromone of the rice green caterpillar Naranga aenescens and its efficacy was examined in a paddy field. The mating rate of N. aenescens tended to be increased with age, showing the highest rate of mating at age 2. The highest mating showed within 1 h after the scotophase, and also mating took place even during the photophase. A GC-EAD analysis of virgin female extracts showed two EAG-active components. Their chromatographic behavior was coincident with that of an authentic sample of Z9-14:Ac and Z11-16:Ac, respectively. The mass spectrum of two EAG-active components was almost identical to that of the authentic samples. The EAG response to two compounds, Z9-14:Ac and Z11-16:Ac, was significantly dose-dependent, but response to Z9-16:Ac was not dose-dependent. A 2: 1: 4 mixture of Z9-14:Ac, Z9-16:Ac, and Z11-16:Ac was the most effective composition for attracting N. aenescens. The male moths increased in proportion to the pheromone amount impregnated. The sticky-typed wing trap baited with sex pheromone captured significantly more males than the other two type of trap examined. Trap catches within a paddy field were much more than those in perimeter trap. The trap-baited with sex pheromone gave three or four distinct fluctuation peaks of male catches throughout the flight seasons.

Background : Undulatum Rhubarb, commonly produced in domestic, is rhizome of Rheum undulatum L. that belongs to the family Polygonaceae. It also can be used as a substitute of R. palmatum L., R. tanguticum Maximowicz ex Balf., and R. officinale Baillon which completely depend on import system. However, there should be clear clarification among Undulatum Rhubarb and Rhubarb, because Undulatum Rhubarb contains rhaponticin as marker compound that is not indicated at Rhubarb. Some of the recently imported Undulatum Rhubarbs have been found to be Rhubarb. Also, it is known that only Undulatum Rhubarb is cultivated at domestic environment. But some plant origins of Rhubarb are grown in Korea, too. Further study are needed to clarify clear origin between Undulatum Rhubarb and Rhubarb. Thus, we collected some domestically cultivated samples and identified them. Methods and Reseults : Rheum undulatum L., Rhubarb, Rheum tanguticum Maximowicz ex Balf. which were cultivated in Gangwondo Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Cheorwon were collected and anayzed the DNA sequences. We also compared DNA sequences in Rhubarb collected from England and R. rhabarbarum L., R. undulatum L., and R. franzenbachii on NCBI. As a result, two kinds of rhubarb cultivated in the test plantation were identified as R. rhabarbarum and R. officinale. In addition, R. undulatum (plant origin of Undulatum Rhubarb) was identified as Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum) in England with 99 - 100% identical in nuclear ITS gene region. Conclusion : R. undulatum, plant origin of Undulatum Rhubarb, is reported as synonym of R. rhabarbarum, R. franzenbachii. Rheum speices which are cultivated as tester in Gangwondo Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Cheorwon are estimated as R. undulatum and R. officinale. Therefore, not only Undulatum Rhubarb but Rhubarb could be grown in Korea.

To evaluate the outcome, clinical efficacy and safety of endometrial heat balloons therapy by Thermachoice® for the treatment of heavy menstruation. From June 2004 to December 2014, a total of 120 women who visited to Chosun University Hospital had their charts and telephones reviewed for demographics, procedure data, clinical history, and follow up. The mean age was 43.5±4.7 years old. A decrease in days per cycle (7.5±2.1 vs 5.6±2.4 days, p<0.001), and in pads per day (9.1±2.5 vs 5.5±3.4 pads/d, p<0.001) and an increase in hematocrit (%, mean±SD) (7.1±0.6)/ hemoglobin (g/dL, mean±SD) (7.1±0.6 / 28.7±2.3 vs 11.5±1.4 / 35.9±4.1, p<0.001) and an improvement in self-reported quality of life scores (limitation of life: 7.4±2.3 vs 2.4±1.5, p<0.0001, discomfort score: 1.8±1.4 vs 0.7±1.2, p<0.001) were observed after endometrial heat balloons therapy. No major complications or deaths were found. Assessment of the level of satisfaction showed that 86% of patients were satisfied with the procedure. The prognostic factors of endometrial heat balloons therapy were age, parity, uterine pressure and depth, position. But age and uterine pressure had no significant difference statistically. Endometrial heat balloons therapy by Thermachoice® is a safe and efficient method to treat of heavy menstruation. It reduces the menstrual flow, improves the quality of life, and remarkably satisfies patients with a desire to preserve a uterus