Recently, a study of prognosis and health management (PHM) was conducted to diagnose failure and predict the life of air craft engine parts using sensor data. PHM is a framework that provides individualized solutions for managing system health. This study predicted the remaining useful life (RUL) of aeroengine using degradation data collected by sensors provided by the IEEE 2008 PHM Conference Challenge. There are 218 engine sensor data that has initial wear and production deviations. It was difficult to determine the characteristics of the engine parts since the system and domain-specific information was not provided. Each engine has a different cycle, making it difficult to use time series models. Therefore, this analysis was performed using machine learning algorithms rather than statistical time series models. The machine learning algorithms used were a random forest, gradient boost tree analysis and XG boost. A sliding window was applied to develop RUL predictions. We compared model performance before and after applying the sliding window, and proposed a data preprocessing method to develop RUL predictions. The model was evaluated by R-square scores and root mean squares error (RMSE). It was shown that the XG boost model of the random split method using the sliding window preprocessing approach has the best predictive performance.

After the permanent shutdown of K1 in 2017, decommissioning processes have attracted great attention. According to the current decommissioning roadmap, the dismantling of the activated components of K1 may start in 2026, following the removal of its spent fuel. Since the reactor vessel (RV) and reactor vessel internal (RVI) of K1 contain massive components and are relatively highly activated, their decommissioning process should be conducted carefully in terms of radiological and industrial safety. For achieving maximum efficiency of nuclear waste management processes for K1, we present activation analysis of the segmentation process and waste classification of the RV and RVI components of K1. For RVI, the active fuel regions and some parts of the upper and lower active regions are classified as intermediate-level waste (ILW), while other components are classified as low-level waste (LLW). Due to the RVI’s complex structure and high activation, we suggest various underwater segmentation techniques which are expected to reduce radiation exposure and generate approximately nine ILW and nineteen very low level waste (VLLW)/LLW packages. For RV, the active fuel region and other components are classified as LLW, VLLW, and clearance waste (CW). In this case, we suggest in-situ remote segmentation in air, which is expected to generate approximately forty-two VLLW/LLW packages.

The complete mitochondrial genome of Ostrinia palustralis memnialis Walker, 1859 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) was determined to be 15,246 bp with a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes [PCGs], 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and one non-coding region, with an arrangement identical to that observed in most lepidopteran genomes. The A+T content of the whole genome, PCGs, srRNA, lrRNA, tRNAs, and the A + T-rich region all are well within the range found in other Pyraloidea. Phylogenetic analyses of the concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs using Bayesian inference and Maximum-likelihood methods placed O. palustralis as a sister group to O. furnacalis and O. nubilalis, with the highest nodal support. The subfamilies within Crambidae, such as Nymphulinae, Spilomelinae, and Pyraustinae, all formed monophyletic groups with the highest nodal support.

In this study, we sequenced two complete mitogenomes, belonging to the families Scythrididae (Scythris sinensis Felder & Rogenhofer, 1775) and Coleophoridae (Coleophora therinella Tengström, 1848) firstly in each family. Gelechioidea is one of the controversial lineages of Lepidoptera in its phylogenetic position and number of families. Phylogenetic analyses with concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs and two RNA genes using the maximum likelihood method, placed Coleophoridae, represented only by C. therinella, as a sister group to the families Depressariidae and Autostichidae, with very low nodal support (7%). Scythrididae represented only by S. sinensis was placed as the sister to the family Stathmopodidae, with relatively high nodal support (86%). As more mitogenome sequences from the extended taxonomic groups are obtained further robust phylogenetic inference will be possible.

Matsucoccus matsumurae is the main forest insect pest of the Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora in South Korea. In this experiment, we had verified the insecticidal effects of Amitraz, deltamethrin and sulfoxaflor, using ground spraying since the trunk injection has not been greatly effective for the control recently. We divided the methods for three ways to confirm the insecticidal effects by developmental stages. Firstly, in male, only amitraz among the insecticides showed significant mortality. Secondly, in female, none of the treatments showed significant mortality but showed delay synthesize the wax filaments when the amitraz treated. In addition, sulfoxaflor treatment showed significant lower egg production rate. Lastly, in 2nd nymph, all insecticides were not shown insecticidal effect. Above the results shown that the ground spraying of three insecticides for M. matsumurae was not a proper control method.

Sacbrood virus (SBV) caused significant colony collapse in Korean Apis cerana. Considering that hygienic behavior in honey bees confers colony-level resistance against brood diseases, we utilized this trait for selecting A. cerana colonies. In addition, the brood survival rate was evaluated after colonies were SBV-inoculated. Over four selective generations, dead brood removal and brood survivorship in selected colonies were higher than those in the unselected colonies (P < 0.01, 99.3 vs. 89.9% for removal of pin-killed pupae; P < 0.01, 99.0 vs. 63.9% for removal of SBV-killed larvae; and P < 0.01, 70.0 vs. 9.2% for brood survivorship). Following SBV-inoculation, selected colonies showed an increase in the number of surviving pupae and adults, whereas unselected colonies collapsed mostly. Our results confirm the feasibility of selecting SBV-resistant A. cerana.

본 연구는 학부모를 대상으로 식품첨가물 및 보존료에 대한 인식 수준과 정보요구도를 파악하고 이를 바탕으로 학부모의 식품첨가물 및 보존료에 대한 올바른 이해와 안전한 식생활을 위한 교육자료를 개발하고자 하였다. 2014년 서울 경기지역 초등학생을 둔 학부모 381명을 대상으로 식품첨가물 및 보존료에 대한 인식 및 정보요구도에 대한 설문조사를 수행한 결과 응답자 중 가공식품 구입시 안전성을 가장 중요한 요소라고 응답하였으며, 41.5%가 식품 첨가물을 가장 식품안전을 위협하는 것이라고 응답하였으며, 식품 첨가물 중에서는 보존료가 가장 위험하다고 응답하였다. 그러나 응답자의 90.6%가 식품첨가물 및 보존료에 대한 교육 경험이 없다고 응답하였다. 설문결과와 학부모들의 정보요구도에 따라 교육홍보책자인 ‘보존료 바르게 알기’를 개발하였다. ‘보존료 바르게 알기’는 ‘보존료란 어떤 물질인가요?’, ‘보존료는 어떤 종류가 있나요?’, ‘보존료는 안전한가요?’, ‘가공식품, 어떻게 섭취해야 하나요?’, ‘식품첨가물은 식약처가 철저히 관리하고 있어요’ 등의 5장으로 구성하여 소비자인 학부모들이 알고싶어하는 내용들을 알기 쉽고 재미있게 전달할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 개발된 교육홍보책자를 초등학교 학부모에게 시범 적용한 결과, 사전 18.9%만이 보존료가 무엇인지 알고 있다고 응답한 수준에서 사후 90.9%가 그 역할을 이해하고 72.7%가 안전하다고 응답하여 개발된 책자가 보존료에 대한 이해도를 크게 높이고 보존료에 대한 오해를 바로잡을 수 있는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 교육홍보책자는 학부모를 비롯한 일반소비자들에게 보존료에 대한 이해를 높일 수 있는 효과적인 정보전달매체로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

The ovum pick up(OPU) technique can be used to produce embryos after in vitro culture of ovarian oocytes, can be used for early securement for effective herd early proliferation and excellent Hanwoo genetic resources, It is attracting attention as a very important technique for establishing technology. In addition to in vitro culture techniques, the number of oocytes retrieved depends on the environment and timing of the OPU. This study was conducted to compare and examine seasonal effect to the differences in the number of recovered oocytes, recovery rate and embryo development rate using Korean cattle kept in animal genetic resource research center by OPU technique. The grade of COCs was evaluated by microscopic examination. Grade A had 3 or more layers of cumulus cell and compact cytoplasm. Grade B had 1~3 layers of cumulus cell and compact cytoplasm. Grade C had 1 layers cumulus cell and compact cytoplasm. Grade D was denuded oocyte and poor cytoplasm. The recovery rate was 47.8±3.4% in summer (June to August) and 51.6±3.8% in autumn (September to October). The number of oocytes was 5.7±0.6 in summer and 5.2±0.7 in autumn. Oocyte grade A and B was 46.2%±6.3% in summer and 51.1±5.0% in autumn. The cleavage rate was 46.1±7.1% in summer and 65.0±11.3% in autumn. Blastocyst development rate was 19.9±9.4% in summer and 29.0±8.7% in autumn. There was no difference the recovery rate of oocytes and the number of embryos between summer and autumn. Cleavage rate and blastocyst rate of autumn was higher than summer. we will investigate to study the appropriate method for the production of Hanwoo embryos and the systematic comparison.

Transglutaminase (TGM2) belongs to a family of cross-linking enzymes responsible for catalyzing Ca2+-dependent acyl-transfer reactions between the substrate proteins. TGM2 is a cytosolic protein that has also been observed in the nucleus and can be expressed to the cell surface or extracellular matrix. Despite ubiquitous expression, its functions are poorly understood and still need to be elucidated. Moreover, there is no clear data regarding the role of transglutaminase in mammalian oocytes. So, in this study, we have patterned the transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) and anti-N epsilon gamma glutamyl lysine (AB424) activity in heat stressed mouse oocytes. We have collected mouse oocytes from the (6–9 weeks old) mouse and in vitro matured for 20 h. Immunocytochemistry was performed to checked the transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) and anti-N epsilon gamma glutamyl lysine (AB424) activity after 6 h of heat stress (HS) at 39.1 ℃. Both TGM2 and AB424 expression were significantly (P < 0.05) higher compared to control when oocytes were subjected to HS at 6 h of IVM at 39.1 ℃. Our hypothesis is that TGM2 and AB424 activity may be correlated with the cellular regression and also involvement in apoptosis. We hope that, our study will help to elucidate the normal function of mouse oocyte and also identification of the principal proteins as well as the pathogenic mechanism of altered physiology. These results suggest that the nuclear accumulation of the transglutaminase may play an important role in nuclear remodeling during folliculogenesis and early embryonic development

최근 해충방제를 위해 유인헬기와 무인헬기를 이용한 수도작, 과수, 산림 등에서 대면적으로 약제살포가 이루어지고 있는 실정이다. 헬기는 비교적 높은 고도에서 비행하면서 약제를 살포하여 살포여건에 따라 약제가 목적이외의 지역으로 표류하여 부작용을 초래할 수도 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 소나무림의 소나무재선충 매개충과 밤나무림의 종실해충 방제지를 대상으로 유인헬기(소형, 대형)와 무인헬기(드론)의 약제살포 입자의 비산양상을 조사하고 다른 한편으로는 유·무인 헬기를 이용한 약제살포 실연을 통해 입자의 비산 양상을 조사하였다. 방제 실행지 조사에서 유인헬기(대형)의 경우 약제 입자의 최대 비산거리는 100 m였으며, 무인헬기(드론)의 경우 비산거리 30 m인 것으로 나타났다. 유무인 헬기를 이용한 실연 조사에 있어서도 약제입자의 최대 비산거리는 소형헬기의 경우 30 m, 대형헬기의 경우에는 100 m였으며, 드론의 경우에는 30 m로 나타났다. 동일한 조건에서 약제입자는 특정방향으로 비산되는 경향을 보여 풍향의 영향이 크게 미치는 것으로 판단되며 동일한 살포기종에 있어서 조사 시기에 따라 비산거리에 차이를 보이는 것은 약제살포 시간대의 풍속이 크게 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단된다.

The nerippe fritillary butterfly, Argynnis nerippe , is listed as an endangered species in Korea. Establishment of effective conservation strategies can be aided by the development and application of molecular markers that can be used to investigate the population genetics of the butterfly. Therefore, in this study, we identified ten microsatellite markers specific to A. nerippe using the Next-Seq 500 platform, and applied these markers to investigate the characteristics of five South Korean butterfly populations. Genotyping of 48 A. nerippe individuals from five localities showed that at each locus the number of alleles ranged from 4 to 14, and that the observed and expected heterozygosities were 0.324–0.863 and 0.138–0.985, respectively. Significant deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was not observed at any locus. Population structure analysis indicated that there are two genetic groups in Korea, but no population-based gene pool assignments were found. Analysis of FST, RST, and a principal coordinates analysis suggested that the Gureopdo and Yaecheon populations were isolated from other populations. Genetic isolation of the Gureopdo population may be a consequence of unequal population change between Gureopdo and inland populations and to the offshore habitat of Gureopdo. Genetic isolation of the Yaecheon population may be a consequence either of the southernmost location of the population or of the limited sample size available. Further studies with increased sample sizes will be necessary to draw robust conclusions on population isolation and to devise conservation strategies.

목적: 스마트 안경은 안경과 웨어러블 전자기기의 효과적인 융합을 잘 보여주는 어플리케이션이다. 스마 트 안경의 더 발전한 형태로, 전압에 의해 능동적으로 변색되는 안경의 제조도 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 따라서, 졸-겔 법에 의한 전기 변색 박막의 제조 과정에서 퍼콜레이션(percolation) 이론을 도입하여, 최적의 aging 조건을 찾아 전기 변색 코팅 박막 제조의 토대가 되고자 한다. 방법: 졸-겔 법을 이용하여 육 염화 텅스텐과 에탄올을 혼합하여 전기 변색 용액을 제조하였다. Aging에 따른 용액의 특성을 분석하고, ITO glass위에 전기 변색 박막을 코팅한 후, 리튬이온 기반 전해질을 이용하여 전기 변색 특성을 확인하였다. 결과: 졸-겔법으로 제조된 전기 변색 용액은 aging에 따라 텅스텐과 산소의 결합이 달라지며, 이것을 적 외선 분광법으로 분석하였다. WO3/ITO glass의 가시광선 전 영역의 광 투과도(시감 투과도)를 측정한 결과, aging에 따라 변색효율의 차이를 보였다. 또한, percolation이 충분히 진행되기 전 샘플의 경우, 광 투과도 가 착색 시 43.0 %, 탈색 시 63.6 %로 1.10의 가장 높은 광밀도를 보였다. 또한, aging이 충분히 진행된 후의 샘플은 착색 시 광 차단 효과가 좋은 결과값을 보였다. 결론: 졸-겔 법에 의해 제조된 변색 용액으로 전기 변색 유리를 제작하였을 때, 용액의 aging에 따라 광 학적 특성이 달라짐을 확인하였다. 긴 시간 aging하는 경우, 변색 효율을 가늠하는 광밀도가 감소하였다. 따라서, 변색효율이 좋은 렌즈가 필요한 경우, percolation 임계 점 이하의 aging 시간이 짧은 용액을 사용 하는 것이 좋으며, 진한 착색이 필요한 광학 샘플이 필요한 경우는 긴 시간 에이징한 용액으로 코팅막을 제 조하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 코팅 박막에 대한 기초 조건의 연구가 향후 스마트 안경 등의 제작 시 참고가 될 것으로 기대된다.

Control mating is important aspect in bee breeding programs. The technique of artificial insemination is the possible one that can surely control mating of the selected drones with the virgin queen. This is the first time applied artificial insemination technique to control mating of A. cerana in Korea. Altogether 18 queens were artificially inseminated, and 2,000 drones of Korean A. cerana were used to evaluate amount of semen collection. Semen of A. cerana is much difficult to separate from mucus in comparing with A. mellifera. The average amount of semen can be collected from one A. cerana drone was 0.09 μl, whereas the A. mellifera was more than 6 times (0.58 μl semen per A mellifera drone). Obtaining 1 μl of semen have to collect from 11.94 drones that successful semen ejection and have to kill 17 A. cerana drones. Queens artificially inseminated with 4 μl of semen (once insemination) or 8 μl of semen (twice insemination, each with 4 μl of semen) started laying egg later than naturally mated queens 5.3 and 2.5 days, respectively. The onsets of oviposition of artificially inseminated queens were 12.5 to 15.3 days. Queens received twice inseminations started laying eggs 2.8 days earlier than those received only once insemination. Artificially inseminated queens produced exclusively brood and were similar as the naturally mated ones. The brood production of the queens received once insemination with 4 μl of semen was insignificantly different than those received twice inseminations or naturally mated ones, suggesting that one artificial insemination with 4 μl of semen is favorable.

In this study, we developed 12 microsatellite markers specific to N. pygmaea using Illumina paired-end sequencing. Forty individuals of N. pygmaea collected from three currently known localities in South Korea were genotyped to validate these markers and to preliminarily assess population genetic characteristics. No locus showed significant deviation from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE). Our preliminary data indicate an absence of inbreeding in all populations and an absence of obvious genetic difference. The microsatellite markers developed in this study will be useful for studying the population genetics of N. pygmaea collected from other regions, including additional sites in South Korea.

The Acoptolabrus changeonleei Ishikawa et Kim, 1983 (Coleoptera: Carabidae), has been listed as an endangered insect in South Korea. The complete mitochondrial genome of the species was 16,831 bp with a typical set of genes (13 protein-coding genes [PCGs], 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes) and one non-coding region, with the arrangement identical to that observed in most insect genomes. Phylogenetic analyses with concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs and 2 rRNA genes, using the Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum-likelihood (ML) methods, placed A. changeonleei as a sister to the within-subfamilial species Damaster mirabilissimus in Carabinae, with the highest nodal support by both analyses.