Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is considered the major cause of mortality in the world. Tremendous animal studies are performed to develop novel therapeutics, and this study aimed to induce porcine myocardial infarction model by using polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Coronary guidewire was placed in left anterior descending artery (LAD). The balloon angioplasty catheter was inserted at the back of the PET. The balloon catheter was carefully pushed forward, until the balloon marker was located in mid-LAD. Coronary angiography was performed pre- and post-occlusion at 28 days by C-arm. Histologic analysis of heart tissue was performed 28 days after inducing AMI. Thirty three pigs were anesthetized and underwent percutaneous coronary catheterization. All pigs were successfully embolized in mid-LAD by PET. Fifteen pigs died due to ventricular fibrillation during post-anesthetic recovery time, and overall experiment mortality was 45.5%. In 2,3,5- triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, gross finding of the ischemic heart lesion showed firm and white area of infarction associated with the apex and left ventricular posterior wall. Infarct on H&E-stained sections demonstrated a region without myocytes and rich with cardiomyocyte with atypical nuclei. Successful induction of AMI by using PET may provide the pathophysiological information of ischemic heart disease and improvement of therapy development for AMI.
A long standing problem in the study of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) is that the observed VLBI core is in fact a blending of the actual AGN core (classically defined by the = 1 surface) and the upstream regions of the jet or optically thin flows. This blending may cause some biases in the observ- ables of the core, such as its flux density, size or brightness temperature, which may lead to misleading interpretation of the derived quantities and physics. We study the effects of such blending under the view of the Korean VLBI Network (KVN) for a sample of AGNs at 43 GHz by comparing their observed properties with observations obtained using the Very Large Baseline Array (VLBA). Our results suggest that the observed core sizes are a factor 11 larger than these of VLBA, which is similar to the factor expected by considering the different resolutions of the two facilities. We suggest the use of this factor to consider blending effects in KVN measurements. Other parameters, such as flux density or brightness temperature, seem to possess a more complicated dependence.
본 연구는 현대인들의 실내식물 기르기에 따른 삶의 질에 대한 관심도, 삶의 만족도 및 실내식물 기르기에 대한 인식을 알아보고자 국내 성인남녀 387명을 대상으로 설문조사를 진행하였다. 실내식물을 기르는 응답자들이 실내식물을 기르지 않는 응답자들에 비해 삶의 질에 대한 관심도, 삶의 만족도, 일반적인 식물 및 실내식물 관심도 모두 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 삶의 질에 대한 관심도가 높을 수록 삶의 만족도, 식물 관심도, 실내식물 관심도가 높은 것으로 나타났다 (p<0.001). 실내식물을 기르는 사람들의 실내식물을 기르는 이유로는 그냥 식물을 좋아한다는 원인이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 쾌적한 실내환경 조성을 위해 기르는 기능적인 측면도 높은 요인으로 나타났다. 또한, 실내식물을 기를 때 일상 생활에 방해가 되지 않으면서도 실내 분위기를 아늑하고 좋게 만들어 주는 측면에서 실내식물 기르기 만족도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 실내식물을 기르지 않는 응답자들의 기르지 않는 이유는 식물에 대한 재배 지식 및 경험 부족이 가장 큰 원인으로 나타났으며, 흙이나 식물을 만지는 것을 싫어하거나 식물에 대한 알레르기가 있어서 기르기를 꺼려하는 것은 아닌 것으로 나타났다. 실내식물 기르기에 상관 없이 실내식물의 쾌적한 실내환경 조성 및 실내 인테리어 효과에 대하여는 긍정적으로 인지하고 있었다. 실내식물을 기르고 있는 사람들의 향후 실내식물 기르기 의향은 실내식물을 기르지 않는 사람에 비해 높게 나타나, 실내식물을 길러본 경험이 없는 사람들의 가장 큰 문제는 재배 지식의 부재로 인한 경험 부족으로 판단되며, 이를 위해 향후 손쉬운 실내식물 기르기에 대한 교육 홍보가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 이는 현대의 새로운 트렌드로 주목받고 있는 ‘반려식물’ 관련 상품 개발과 원예교육 프로그램 개발을 통하여 실내식물 기르기에 대한 인식을 높이고, 국내 원예 산업의 확장을 가져올 것으로 기대할 수 있을 것이다.
The KVN(Korean VLBI Network)-style simultaneous multi-frequency receiving mode is demonstrated to be promising for mm-VLBI observations. Recently, other Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) facilities all over the globe start to implement compatible optics systems. Simultaneous dual/multi-frequency VLBI observations at mm wavelengths with international baselines are thus possible. In this paper, we present the results from the first successful simultaneous 22/43 GHz dualfrequency observation with KaVA(KVN and VERA array), including images and astrometric results. Our analysis shows that the newly implemented simultaneous receiving system has brought a significant extension of the coherence time of the 43 GHz visibility phases along the international baselines. The astrometric results obtained with KaVA are consistent with those obtained with the independent analysis of the KVN data. Our results thus confirm the good performance of the simultaneous receiving systems for the non-KVN stations. Future simultaneous observations with more global stations bring even higher sensitivity and micro-arcsecond level astrometric measurements of the targets.
Because the pig is a valuable candidate for a preclinical model of human cell therapy as well as an important food source, understanding a physiology of pig myogenic progenitors such as skeletal muscle satellite cells and myoblasts is required for cure of muscular diseases and improvement of meat production. For these reasons, we tried to isolate and culture the pig progenitor cells from skeletal muscle. Pig satellite cells, known as muscle stem cells, were isolated from biceps femoris of neonatal pigs by enzymatic digestion method. Muscle satellite cells are quiescent in uninjured muscle. Upon injury, they are activated into proliferating state, known as myoblasts, by growth factors and, in turn, differentiated forward to myocytes and myotubes. To trigger proliferation in vitro, the isolated satellite cells were cultured with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and dexamethasone (BMP4 inhibitor). As a result, the pig satellite cells were efficiently converted into proliferating myoblasts and stably maintained over an extended period. The myoblasts were confirmed by markers of PAX7, MYF5, and MYOD1. Our finding showed that modulating EGF and BMP4 signaling are essential for maintaining muscle stem cells. This culture method could be applied for a production of cultured meat and further basic research of muscle development.
This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in food, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (IPET) through the Development of High Value-Added Food Technology Program funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (MAFRA; 118042-03-1-HD020).
The spotted wing drosophila(Drosophila suzukii)is one of the serious fruit pest that has a wide range of fruit crops like blueberries, cherries and grapes. It came up the larvae cause dagmage by feeding on the pulp inside fruits and berries and spotted wing drosophila also has a adversely affect export to Austrailia and New zealand as a quarantine pest. This study conduct to survey occurrence of drosophila spp. from 2016 to 2018 on harvest period of grapevine in vinyard of Okcheon ,Yeongdong and fruit packing place for export to New zealand and USA.
Vinegar and wine mixture was used to attract fruits flies. We also investigated to what color is the best stimulus to catch a vinegar flies. Our result shows that significant differences were observed in total flies trapped in red and black colors. This study will contribute to future research for monitoring and control drosophilid flies.
A simple, but effective means of tailoring the physical and chemical properties of carbon materials should be secured. In this sense, chemical doping by incorporating boron or nitrogen into carbon materials has been examined as a powerful tool which provides distinctive advantages over exohedral doping. In this paper, we review recent results pertaining methods by which to introduce boron atoms into the sp2 carbon lattice by means of high-temperature thermal diffusion, the properties induced by boron doping, and promising applications of this type of doping. We envisage that intrinsic boron doping will accelerate both scientific and industrial developments in the area of carbon science and technology in the future.
Biochar obtained from the thermal conversion of biomass has high potential as a substitute material for activated carbon and other carbon-based materials because it is economical, environmentally friendly, and carbon-neutral. The physicochemical properties of biochar can also be controlled by a range of activation methods such as physical, chemical, and hydrothermal treatments. Activated biochar can be used as a catalyst for the catalytic pyrolysis of a biomass and as an absorbent for the removal of heavy metal ions and atmospheric pollutants. The applications of biochar are also expanding not only as a key component in producing energy storage materials, such as supercapacitors, lithium ion batteries, and fuel cells, but also in carbon capture and storage. This paper reviews the recent progress on the activation of biochar and its diverse present and future applications.