자색고구마 추출물의 항산화 효과와 산화적 스트레스로 유도된 PC12 신경세포에 대한 보호효과에 대하여 연구하 였다. 자색고구마 추출물의 총 페놀함량은 44.25 mg/g, monomeric anthocyanin 함량은 2,394 mg/L로 나타났 다. 자색고구마 추출물의 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylben-zthiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical 소거활성, ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) 및 환원력은 농도 의존 적으로 항산화 활성이 증가하였다. MTT {3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyl-tetrazoliumbromide} reduction assay를 이용하여 자색고구마 추출물의 신경세포 보호효과를 측정한 결과, 세포 생존율이 두드러지게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 산화적 스트레스는 신경세포막 손상 정도를 증가시키기 때문에 lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assay와 neutral red uptake assay를 이용하여 세포막 손상 보호효과를 조사한 결과 자색고구마 추출물 처리구는 대조구에 비하여 산화적 스트레스로 유도된 세포막 손상 보호효과가 농도 의존적으로 나타났다. 따라서 자색고구마 추출물은 천연 항산화 소재 및 알츠하이머성 치매와 같은 신경퇴행성 질환의 예방 소재로서의 활용 가능성이 기대된다.

RC교량이 내진성능을 확보하기 위해서는 교각의 연성도가 목표연성도에 도달하기 전에 발생하는 전단파괴가 방지되어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 신뢰성 있는 전단강도 평가식이 요구된다. 횡하중을 받는 RC기둥의 전단강도는 변위연성도의 증가에 따라 감소 하는 특성을 나타낸다. 다수의 연구자에 의해 전단강도 식이 제안되어 있으나 변위연성도가 작은 구역에서의 초기전단강도와 연성도 증가에 따른 전단강도의 감소율에서 많은 차이를 보이고 있다. 본 연구에서는 저자들이 제안한 초기전단강도를 기본으로 하여 다른 연구자에 의해서 수행된 많은 기둥실험 결과를 분석하여 변위연성도를 고려한 새로운 전단강도 평가식을 제안하였다, 제안된 평가식은 다른 평가식과의 비교를 통해 정확도가 크게 개선된 것을 확인하였다.

횡하중을 받는 RC 기둥의 전단강도는 기둥의 변위연성도가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 연성도의 증가에 따른 전단강도의 감소율은 초기전단강도에 따라 크게 좌우되므로 이를 합리적으로 예측하기 위해서는 초기전단강도의 평가가 매우 중요하다. 기둥의 전단거동은 단면모양, 형상비, 축력, 축방향철근비, 연성도 등 다양한 요인에 의하여 영향을 받아 복잡하다. 본 연구에서는 형상비, 단면의 중공비, 축방향철근비, 중공 및 중실단면을 변수로 하는 시험체를 제작하여 실험적 연구를 수행하여 전단거동특성을 살펴보았다. 또한, 축방향철근이 전단강도에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 형상비와 축력을 고려한 기존의 초기전단평가식을 보완하였으며, 그 타당성을 검증하였다.

This study was carried out the normal serial ultrasonographic appearance of the postpartum uterine involution with small pet bitches. Postpartum changes in uterine shape, architecture, echogenicity and diameter were monitored with ultrasonography in small pet bitches (Miniature Schnauzer, Cocker Spaniel and Shih-tzu). In the Miniature Schnauzer bitches, uterine diameter of the placental sites and interplacental sites were decreased from at 1 day to at 7 day, and at 1 day to at 7 day postpartum. In the Cocker Spaniel, the placental sites and interplacental sites were decreased from at 1 day to at 7 day, and at 1 day to at 7 day postpartum. In the Shih-tzu, the placental sites and interplacental sites were decreased from at 1 day to at 7 day, and at 1 day to at 7 day postpartum. And uterine diameter was no statistically significant difference among bitches (p>0.05). At 67 days, the uterine diameter in Miniature Schnauzer bitches were 6~7 mm both placental and interplacental sites, and the uterine horns showed uniform hypoechoic, tubular structures without enlargement. In present study, the involution of the uterus was completed at 67 days after parturition in Miniature Schnauzer, and 65 days in Cocker Spaniel and the Shih-tzu. There were no significant differences of normal postpartum uterine involution between small pet bitches (p>0.05). In conclusion, the postpartum involution of small pet bitches appeared to be completed normally at 65~67 days after parturition and could be identified by gross findings such as vaginal discharges and ultrasonographic findings of uterine shape and echogenicity.

To investigate the change of vaginal epithelial cell in estrus-induced Shih-tzu bitch, estrus was induced by PMSG (50 IU/kg, for 10 days) and hCG (1,000 IU, on Day 10) in 12 anestrus Shih-tzu bitches. Day-changes of vaginal epithelial cells during the whole period of hormone treatment were investigated in each experimental bitches. The first day of vulvar bleeding and the first day of male acceptant was on days (), and days after the first PMSG treatment. The duration of proestrus and estrus was days, and days. Characteristic features of vaginal cytology during the estrous cycle were the high proportion of large intermediate cell, superficial cell, anuclear cell and erythrocyte in proestrus, superficial cell and anuclear cell in estrus, and parabasal cell, small and large intermediate cell, and leukocyte in diestrus, respectively. When it was timed from the first day of PMSG administration (Day 0), the cornification index (CI) was the high proportion in proestrus and estrus. The CI peak was maintained above 80% between Day 11~14 (4 days) and CI showed a peak at Day 12. These results indicated that the 12 Shih-tzu bitches showed positive estrus induction by vaginal smear test and observation of clinical estrus sign.

The specimens from 32 aborted fetus and 274 aborted cows were collected in 168 farms of Chonnam province from 2005 to 2008 and were tested the brucellosis. The results obtained are summarized as follows. In the 32 aborted fetus, bovine brucellosis was detected in 12 heads (37.5%), bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease was detected in 7 heads (19%), ainovirus infection was detected in 1 head (3.1%), and multi-infection of BVD and brucellosis was not detected, respectively. In the 306 cases of aborted fetus and cows, bovine brucellosis was detected in 44 heads (14%). Status of abortion were confirmed in 63 farms (38%) out of 168 farms from June to August. From the point of raising scale, studies found that 128 farms (76%) out of all raised under 20 heads. The incidence of abortion by brucellosis was mainly showed in 30 heads (68.1%) about 151~250 days of gestation. In the result of the 18 farms survey, the causes of infections were detected movement of infected cattle in 5 farms (28%), unknown cause in 12 farms (67%), and recurrence in 1 farm (5%). The results of this study suggest to take an advantage of the prevention and fundamental research for bovine brucellosis in Chonnam province.

Ubiquitous application is in need of high-level technology to meet various requests for ubiquitous service. In order to adopt ubiquitous technology in not only pilot projects but also regional services, many projects like u-City are implemented in and outside the country. RFID has been known as one of the important technology to provide with core benefits of Ubiquitous services. Because each band of RFID technology has merits and demerits concurrently, single-band RFID system has limitations for various RFID services. Thus, we developed dual-band RFID system enable to provide with 13.56MHz and 2.45GHz RFID service at the same time to compensate the shortage of single-band RFID system. Also we have considered the way that the firmware would control signals without collision, studied battery life and range for tag, and made hardware for dual-band RFID service.

유비쿼터스 기술을 활용한 U-city와 같은 지역적인 서비스들이 다양한 분야에서 응용되고 있다. 유비쿼터스 기술 중 하나인 RFID는 사용하는 주파수에 따라 장 단점을 가지고 있기 때문에 단일 대역 주파수를 활용한 RFID 시스템은 다양해지는 사용자의 요구를 충족시키기에 명확한 한계를 가지고 있다. 따라서 연구를 통해 13.56MHz와 2.45GHz를 동시에 지원하는 Dual-Band RFID시스템을 개발하여 단일대역 RFID 서비스의 단점을 보완한다. 이를 위해 두 대역의 주파수를 지원하는 하드웨어와 소프트웨어를 개발하고, 능동형 태그의 배터리 수명에 관한 연구를 통해 보다 효율적으로 Dual-Band RFID 시스템을 구성한다.

본 연구는 청보리와 월동 콩과작물인 사료용 완두와의 혼파재배를 통해 사료작물로 이용하기에 적합한 작부체계로서의 혼파비율을 구명하고, 조단백질, ADF, NDF 등과 같은 사료가치와 수량을 만족하는 적정한 혼파비율을 비교 분석하기 위하여 실험을 수행하였다. 청보리와 사료용 완두를 혼파재배하였을 때 청보리의 생육특성에서 출수일과 초장은 큰 차이가 없었으며, 청보리의 경수는 사료용 완두의 혼파비율이 높을수록 감소하였지만, 사료용 완두의 개체수는 증가하였다.

Ultrasonographic examination was performed to observe the ultrasonographic image of Korean native cows' normal uterus in condition of in vitro and in vivo. The experiment was done 28 slaughtered cows' uterus using immersed in water in vitro, and 41 healthy breeding cows taken rectal ultrasonography in vivo. Ultrasonographic examination of uterine was taken on the reference of cross section of intercornual ligaments' cranial. Each uterus on the experiments was compared by estrous cycle and ultrasonographic frequency. The uterine structure using ultrasonography was 5 layers of uterine horn in vivo as well as in vitro. Uterine horn was observed to be distinguished from inside to outside as endometrium to inner echogenic layer, circular muscle layer to slightly echogenic elliptical layer, stratum vasculare to central echogenic layer, longitudinal muscle layer to slightly echogenic arched layer, and perimetrium to outer echogenic layer, respectively. According to the observation of uterus related to estrous cycle and ultrasonographic examination, uterine endometrium in vitro was constantly founded irrespective of estrous cycle and ultrasonographic frequency. On the low frequency, endometrium and circular muscle layer in estrus were prone to distinguished than in diestrus. On the high frequency, endometrium and circular muscle layer were always distinguished regardless of estrous cycle. In vivo, uterine endometrium and circular muscle layer were observed regardless of estrus and ultrasonographic frequency. On the low frequency, stratum vasculare and longitudinal muscle layer were not likely to be distinguished in diestrus, but estrus. On the high frequency, stratum vasculare and longitudinal muscle layer were observed regardless of estrous cycle. Also, every uterine structure was easily distinguished on high frequency than low frequency owing to precision of distinction in layers. The difference of results followed by the experiments conditions between in vitro and in vivo was that uterine endometrium and circular muscle layer in diestrus in vitro were difficult to be distinguished and uterine lumen was observed during whole estrous cycle. In vivo, It was founded that the distinction of stratum vasculare and logitudinal muscle layer in diestrus was complicated and uterine lumen was observed during only estrus. In view of the result so far achieved, normal uterine structure divided in 5 layers on ultrasonography was accorded with microscopic organization, uterine structure was likely to be observed during estrus than diestrus, high frequency checkup than low frequency, and uterine endometrium, circular muscle, stratum vasculare was easily observed regardless of estrous cycle and ultrasonographic frequency.

Serial ultrasonography was conducted on Miniature Schnauzer bitches, on purpose to observe the ultrasonographic appearance of normal ovaries and ovarian structures during the estrous cycle. The size of ovaries was increased from on Day-12 (Day-0=ovulation day) to on Day-8 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The ovaries were recognized by its proximity to the caudal renal pole and appeared moderately echogenic oval shape with a smooth contour. The size of follicles was increased from on Day-12 to on Day-0 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The number of follicles was increased from on Day-12 to on Day-0 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The follicles were small anechoic fluid-filled structures in early of proestrus, more increased, and indistinguished from each follicles in late of proestrus. The size of corpora lutea was increased from on Day-0 to on Day-8 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The number of corpora lutea was increased from on Day-0 to on Day-38 and there was no significantly different between both ovaries. The corpora lutea were small anechoic cavity and thin hyperechoic wall in early of diestrus, became more hyperechoic, and increased homogenous structures. The results of this study would be useful for differential diagnosis between normal and abnormal structures of ovaries.

Polymer gel implant for soft tissue augment is demanded biological safety properties. This study is designed process and equipment producing for obtain micro bead using the hyaluronic acid water solution. This equipment is composed of cooling pipe, air pump, dispenser and process is consecutive/simple for preservation from environmental contamination. Besides, without difficulty remove the residual agent after crosslink. We evaluate to in vitro cytotoxicity test for verification of hyaluronic acid gel obtained by this equipment and process. This product is "non cytotoxcity" from the result of evaluation cytotoxcity test.

The Automobiles with a combustion engine use a transmission for increasing drive force, reverse-move and maintaining non-load condition in general. In the Electric automobile system, output-axial can be operated just by controlling the motor manipulated with power. It also does not need reverse-gear by rotating the motor in the opposite direction. Designed to assemble two different types of planetary gear ratio and to be input torque of input-axial in sun gear and divide ring gear Ⅰ, Ⅱ and then after one of ring gear is fixed, in accordance with the planetary gear velocity ratio, the first gear has 0.136 decreased speed and second gear has 0.240 decreased speed, separately. While the planetary gear type transmission showed over the 92% of efficiency in the all of velocity range. The transmission proposed in this study can be expected to apply to the electric vehicle or others.

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of suspected endocrine disrupting pesticides among the agricultural products in northern area of Seoul in 2007. 3,026 samples was analyzed by multiresidue method. Detected Pesticide in 11 cases were procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cyermethrin, fenvalerate, hexaconazole, carbendazim, pendimethalin, permethrin, parathion and exceeded 7 cases of endosulfan, procymidone, carbendazim, chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, fenvalerate in the maximum residue limits(MRLs). Procymidone, endosulfan, chlorothalonil and chlorpyrifos comprised up to 80.5% in detected pesticides. Among the 321 cases of detected agricultural products, 287 cases(89.4%) were vegetables, 25 cases (7.8%) were fruits, Others were 9 cases(2.8%).

콘크리트 교량의 합리적인 내진설계는 지진이 발생할 때 연성파괴메커니즘이 유도될 수 있도록 적절하게 교각 연성도를 확보하는 것이다. 현행 기준에서는 이를 위해 휨모멘트의 설계지진력을 산정할 때 응답수정계수를 도입하고 있으며, 연성도 확보를 위한 횡방향철근량을 규정하고 있다. 그러나, 이러한 내진규정은 일반적으로 단면이 크게 설계되는 우리나라에서는 횡방향철근이 과다하게 산정되는 비합리적이었다. 이를 개선하기 위해 소요연성도에 기반한 새로운 내진설계법이 제안되었으나 거동특성과 횡방향철근의 유효구속력이 다른 중공단면에 적용하기 위해서는 향후 많은 검증과 보완이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 축방향철근의 겹침이음과 횡방향철근량을 변수로 한 중공단면기둥을 제작하여 준정적 재하실험을 수행하였으며 다양하게 내진거동특성을 분석하고 내진성능을 확인하였다. 본 연구 결과는 향후 중공단면교각의 연성도(성능)기반 내진설계를 위한 기초자료로 제공될 수 있다.