Electron transfer through an Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) monolayer film sandwiched between metal electrodes. We used an eicosanoic acid material and the material was very famous as a thin film insulating material. Eicosanoic acid monolayer was deposited by Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) technique and a subphase was a CdCl2 solution as a 2×10-4 mol/L. Also we used a bottom electrode as an Al/Al2O3 and a top electrode as a Al and Ti/Al. Here, the Al2O3 on the bottom electrode was deposited by thermal evaporation method. The Al2O3 layer was acted on a tunneling barrier and insulating layer in tunnel diode. It was found that the proper transfer surface pressure for film deposition was 25 mN/m and the limiting area per molecule was about 24 a2/molecule. When the positive and negative bias applied to the molecular device, the behavior shows that a tunnel switching characteristics. This result were analyzed regarding various mechanisms.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 스포츠 팀워크 개념 구조를 탐색하고 이를 토대로 스포츠 팀워크 척도(KATS)를 개발하 여 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하는 것이다. 방법: 실업팀과 대학 운동부에 소속된 단체 종목 성인선수를 대상으로 개방형 설문조사와 척도를 활용한 설문조사를 실시하였다. 귀납적 내용분석을 활용한 전문가 협의를 통해서 개방 형 설문조사 자료를 분석하였고 분석 자료를 바탕으로 개념 구조를 탐색하고 예비문항을 개발하였다. 탐색적 요 인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 통하여 척도의 요인 구조를 파악하였고 개념신뢰도, 크론바흐 알파, 평균분산추출 분 석, 차이 검증, 상관분석을 통해서 타당도와 신뢰도를 검증하였다. 결과: 개방형 설문조사 원자료를 분석한 결과 9개의 범주로 나타났다. 탐색적 요인분석을 통해서 목표설정, 경기분석, 수행준비, 협동, 팀 정체성, 대인관계 요 인을 포함한 6개의 요인이 추출되었다. 확인적 요인분석 결과 모형 적합도 기준을 충족하였고 구성타당도와 공인 타당도, 신뢰도 검사 결과 적합한 타당도와 신뢰도를 나타냈다. 집단차이 분석에서 실업팀은 대학팀보다 목표설 정, 경기분석, 수행준비, 팀 정체성에서 높은 팀워크 수준을 보고하였다. 결론: 본 연구에서 개발된 스포츠 팀워크 측정 도구는 스포츠 현장에서 팀워크를 평가하기 위한 실용적인 도구로 활용되기를 기대한다.

This study examined the safety of nuclear spent-fuel (NSF) transport casks against accidental puncture events. Finite element analyses were conducted according to the accident conditions in NUREG-1536 and RG 7.8, which specify 1-m parallel and vertical drops on a rigid rod that has 15-cm diameter and 20-cm height. We focused on the safety evaluation of the cask body, baskets, and canister based on ASME BPVC Section III, and evaluated whether these elements would undergo excessive fracture or puncture.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of 7-day exercise deprivation on physical self-concept of habitual exercisers. Methods: Seven habitual exercisers who regularly exercised 6 to 7 days per week and 7 non-habitual exercisers completed a) Stage of Change Scale for Exercise, b) DSM-V Questionnaire, c) Korean Exercise Addiction Scale, and d) Korean version of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. Participants refrained from their regular physical activity for the next 7 days. The Korean version of the PSDQ were completed at the same time of each deprivation day and in-depth interviews were conducted on the last day. Results: The results indicated that habitual exercisers were significantly higher on the measures of physical self-concept compared to non-habitual participants. For habitual exercisers, perceptions of sports confidence, body fat, physical activity, flexibility, endurance, muscular strength, and physical self-worth decreased sharply and steadily as exercise deprivation continued. The results from interviews revealed that the habitual exercisers had negative reactions to the exercise deprivation and mentioned considerable displeasures about their decreased physical self-concept. Conclusion: The pattern of physical self-concept disturbance followed by unpleasant feelings with exercise deprivation might contribute to understanding why and how individuals became dependent on exercise.

This study was conducted to determine the optimal conditions of growth medium, temperature, and light quality for efficient propagation of Lygodium japonicum spores. The rate of spore germination and prothalium development was high in Knop and 1/8MS and 1/4MS media, which had low mineral content; in particular, the germination rate exceeded 74%, and the germinated spores developed into heart-shaped prothallia. However, in Knop‘s medium with the lowest mineral content, a rapid prothallium senescence was observed; in 1/4MS medium, prothallium development was delayed. Germination rate increased with the increase in temperature and reached its maximum, 86.7%, at 30°C; however, at this temperature, the prothallia were thinner and abnormal development of rhizoids was observed compared to normally developed prothallia and rhizoids at 25°C. Therefore, the results suggested that the optimal temperature for L. japonicum spore germination was 25°C. The rate of germination was also measured under different light conditions, and the highest rate of 90.6% was observed under LED red light compared to fluorescent (77.2%) or LED blue (5.4%) lights. The germinated spores developed into heart-shaped prothallia under LED red light; however, 15 days after seeding, prothallium development decreased and the became elongated. In contrast, a normal and continuous development of heart-shaped prothallia was observed under fluorescent light.

The antioxidative activity of various enzymatic extracts from Sarcodon aspratus (S. aspratus) was evaluated by measuring 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and alkyl radical scavenging activity using an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. For this study, the S. aspratus were enzymatically hydrolyzed by seven carbohydrases (Viscozyme, Celluclast, Dextrozyme, AMG, Promozyme, Maltogenase, and Termamyl) and eight proteases (α-chymotrypsin, Alcalase, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, papain, pepsin, Protamax, and trypsin). The DPPH radical scavenging activities of Viscozyme and pepsin extracts were the highest, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were 0.896 and 0.734mg/mL, respectively. The Celluclast and trypsin extracts showed the highest scavenging activities on alkyl radical, and their IC50 values were 0.278 and 0.575mg/mL, respectively. The Celluclast extracts was decreased cell apoptosis in PC-12 cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. The findings of the present study suggest that enzymatic extracts of S. aspratus exhibit antioxidative activity against oxidative stress on PC-12 cells.