본 연구는 청소년의 스트레스가 부모-자녀 간 의사소통을 매개로 행복 감에 미치는 영향을 확인하기 위한 목적에서 수행되었다. 이를 위해 경 기도 A시에 위치한 남녀 고등학생 300명의 자료를 SPSS 26.0 및 PROCESS MACRO 4.1을 활용하여 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 연구결과, 청소년의 스트레스, 부-자녀 의사소통 방식, 모-자녀 의사소통 방식, 그 리고 행복감 간에는 모두 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 또한 부-자녀 의 사소통과 모-자녀 의사소통은 모두 청소년의 스트레스와 행복감의 관계 를 유의하게 매개하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉 청소년의 스트레스가 클수록 부와 모와의 의사소통이 원만하지 않게 되며, 그로 인해 결과적으로 행 복감을 저해 받게 됨을 알 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 청소년의 건강한 발 달에 있어 부모-자녀 간 의사소통의 중요성을 재확인하였으며, 향후 청 소년의 행복감 증진을 위해 학교나 가정에서 실천할 수 있는 대안을 제 언하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구결과를 바탕으로 본 연구의 의의와 시사점 및 후속연구의 필요성을 논의하였다.

We investigated physicochemical properties and isotopic compositions of organic matter (δ13CTOC and δ15NTN) in the old fish farming (OFF) site after the cessation of aquaculture farming. Based on this approach, our objective is to determine the organic matter origin and their relative contributions preserved at sediments of fish farming. Temporal and spatial distribution of particulate and sinking organic matter (OFF sites: 2.0 to 3.3 mg L-1 for particulate matter concentration, 18.8 to 246.6 g m-2 day-1 for sinking organic matter rate, control sites: 2.0 to 3.5 mg L-1 for particulate matter concentration, 25.5 to 129.4 g m-2 day-1 for sinking organic matter rate) between both sites showed significant difference along seasonal precipitations. In contrast to variations of δ13CTOC and δ15NTN values at water columns, these isotopic compositions (OFF sites: -21.5‰ to - 20.4‰ for δ13CTOC, 6.0‰ to 7.6‰ for δ15NTN, control sites: - 21.6‰ to - 21.0‰ for δ13CTOC, 6.6‰ to 8.0‰ for δ15NTN) investigated at sediments have distinctive isotopic patterns (p<0.05) for seawater-derived nitrogen sources, indicating the increased input of aquaculture-derived sources (e.g., fish fecal). With respect to past fish farming activities, representative sources (e.g., fish fecal and algae) between both sites showed significant difference (p<0.05), confirming predominant contribution (55.9±4.6%) of fish fecal within OFF sites. Thus, our results may determine specific controlling factor for sustainable use of fish farming sites by estimating the discriminative contributions of organic matter between both sites.

One of the most demanded competencies of an oral health professional such as an oral pathologist is the ability to make clinical decisions. The purpose of this study was to examine the neurological differences between beginners and experts in the clinical decision-making process which consisting of complex, dynamic and sophisticated cognitive processes, and to identify the characteristics of experts based on the brain by comparing EEG activity. This study conducted experimental design with 10 dentists with more than 10 years of clinical experience and 10 students with short clinical experience as beginners as a fourth year student before graduation. The hypothesis-oriented algorithm proposed in HOAC II was used. As a standard, the clinical decision-making stage of the dentist was divided into three stages, and an event was developed and an experiment was designed for measuring EEG for each stage. The cerebral activity distribution patterns of the two groups were measured with EEG, compared and analyzed with pre-processing process using EEGlab. As a result, the difference in the auditory information was not noticeable between the novice and the expert, but the difference between the group of the novice and the expert appeared in the visual data and the radiographic data. In the case of beginners, the activity was higher in the left hemisphere, and in the case of experts, both brains were activated. The results of this study are intended to present objective information based on brain-based analysis of differences that appear in the clinical decision-making process of experts and beginners. It can be used as basic research data to present the brain-based characteristic analysis of dentist experts.

In this study, we prepare pure WO3 inverse opal(IO) film with a thickness of approximately 3 μm by electrodeposition, and an ultra-thin TiO2 layer having a thickness of 2 nm is deposited on WO3 IO film by atomic layer deposition. Both sets of photoelectrochemical properties are evaluated after developing dye-sensitized solar cells(DSSCs). In addition, morphological, crystalline and optical properties of the developed films are evaluated through field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM), High-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and UV/ visible/infrared spectrophotometry. In particular, pure WO3 IO based DSSCs show low VOC, JSC and fill factor of 0.25 V, 0.89 mA/cm2 and 18.9 %, achieving an efficiency of 0.04 %, whereas the TiO2/WO3 IO based DSSCs exhibit VOC, JSC and fill factor of 0.57 V, 1.18 mA/cm2 and 50.1 %, revealing an overall conversion efficiency of 0.34 %, probably attributable to the high dye adsorption and suppressed charge recombination reaction.