Unlike accidents on land, marine accidents can not be supported rapidly from the outside. For this reason, The initial response and damage control system are critical. Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA) reported the necessity of the damage control system to IMO in the early 2000s. Even though the installation of these systems is not compulsory, the damage control system is installed and operated in about 60 cruises. The key component of damage control system is supporting the decision-making using 'KILL Card'. The purpose of study is to develop the shipboard training scenario for the foundation of 'KILL Card'. We made scenarios for fire and flooding through the analysis on existing scenarios, marine accident case and relative regulation. The suggested shipboard training scenario based on damage control system enables the crew to response with rapid decision-making to damage in emergency situations.

We investigated moth communities in Samcheok, Korea, to elucidate the influence of the East Coast Fire in 2000. Moths were collected with UV light traps 4 times a year from 2006 to 2009 at 3 sites: Unburned area (Site 1), Surface fire area (Site 2), and Crown fire area (Site 3) sites, respectively. A total of 3,804 individuals belonging to 727 species from 30 families were captured at the 3 study 1,727 individuals of 505 species (27 families) at Site 1, 1,193 individuals of 353 species (24 families) at Site 2, and 885 individuals of 340 species (25 families) at Site 3. Species richness and individuals of Noctuidae, Pyralidae, Geometridae, and Tortricidae were the highest at all 3 sites. All of species richness, individuals, and species diversity (H’) were the highest in Site 1 for 4 years. The index of similarity (α-Index) was higher between Site 2 and 3 in 2006, while higher between Site 1 and 2 in 2009. Moths were grouped into 16 categories by hosts of the larval stage. Individuals of moths of herbaceous feeding habit continuously decreased at Site 3, but proportion of individuals of tree feeding habits continuously increased. The present results showed that moth communities was relatively recovered according to vegetation change after forest fire and regeneration of moth communities in surface fire area was more faster than in crown fire area.

본 논문은 영혼치유적 구제론과 구속론적 구제가 요한 크리소스톰에게서 어떠한 관계를 가지고 있었는지를 탐구한다. 영혼치유적 구제는 고대 철학적 치유의 관점에서 가난한 자들에 대한 도움을 통한 영혼의 평화의 회복을 의미한다. 유대-기독교 전통에서 자선은 또한 죄 용서와 하나님의 영원한 심판으로부터의 해방을 위한 중요한 수단으로 간주되었다. 대립적으로 보이는 이 두 전통들이 모두 크리소스톰의 구제설교에서 등장한다. 학자들은 그의 사상에서 철학과 신학이 분리되었다고 주장해왔다. 그러나 본 논문은 크리소스톰의 마태복음과 요한복음 설교를 면밀히 분석하여 이 두 전통들이 그의 구원론과 구속적 구제와 관련된 성경구절 해석을 바탕으로 유기적으로 통합되어 이교 철학자들과 연설가들의 이상을 대체하는 새로운 기독교적 치유론이 되었다는 것을 보여줄 것이다. 크리소스톰에게 있어서 영혼의 병과 결과에 대한 철학적인 개념이 기독 교적인 죄와 심판의 틀 속에서 흡수되어 변화되었다. 죄는 마음의 평화를 깨트리는 욕망의 무질서나 잘못된 생각일 뿐만 아니라 하나님의 말씀에 대한 불순종으로 인한 그의 심판과 지옥의 형벌 아래에 있는 끔찍한 상태이다. 구제는 이러한 영혼의 모든 위기를 해결한다. 즉, 악덕을 제거하고 덕을 증진하여 영혼의 건강을 회복하여 궁극적으로 천국으로 향하게 한다. 크리소스톰은 그리스-로마의 철학적 치유 개념을 거부한 것이 아니라 그의 목양적인 목적에 따라 그것의 목적과 범위와 내용을 변혁하여 기독교적 영혼치유 구제담론을 만들었다.

Landscape structure is important to understand a complex patterns and interaction with adjacent habitat in rural area. The aim of this study is to analyze relationship between landscape structure and insect spatial distribution in rural area to suggest applicable possibility of landscape structure as biological indicator. For this purpose, first, four landscape structure criteria such as distance from the forest; density of farmland-forest ecotone; landscape continuity; and field size are selected. Secondly, these criteria are applied to Gangsang-myeon, Yangpyeong-gun where mosaic feature are conserved at various spatial scale. Thirdly, application of landscape structure criteria is verified using correlation with species number, species diversity, and species richness of insect. As a result, it could be suggested that the landscape structure criteria are useful for explaining insect spatial distribution.