철도안전법 상의 사고 분류 이외에도 철도운영기관의 실무 차원에서 인적 오류를 유발한 당사자에게 책임이 있다고 판정할 경우 처벌과 불이익을 부과하는 책임사고 판정제도가 있다. 책임사고경험이 있는 당사자는 심리적, 신체적 피로와 긴장감을 경험하는 한편, 사고 및 장애발생의 가능성을 늘 염려하면서 주어진 과업을 수행하게 된다. 본 연구는 그 동안 철도분야 인적오류 연구의 공식적 대상에서 제외되어 왔던 철도차량 검수직 종사자를 대상으로 책임사고경험이 이례상황 스트레스 및 건강의 한가지 척도인 신체적 우울감에 미치는 인과관계를 AMOS 통해 밝혀보았다. 연구 결과, 검수직 종사자의 책임사고 경험은 이례상황 스트레스를 부분 매개로 하여 신체적 우울감에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

This study highlights the theme of safety leadership in railway organization, conducting empirical analysis on the relationship between safety climates, safety leadership, safety behavior, and accident. The empirical test results based on questionnaires received from 223 train drivers working at A subway firm indicated that relationship between CEO's safety philosophy, and safety communication showed a significant positive effect on boss's safety leadership. And boss's safety leadership showed a positive influence on observation belonging to safety behavior, which in turn showed a significant negative relationship with mistake. However, mistake, observation and violation were shown that there are no relationship with accidents.

This study highlights the main effect of job demand, work shift, work environment and stressors on the railway traffic controller's health, and the moderating effect of work0life balance. The result of empirical analysis based on questionnaires received from 328 traffic controllers working at 10 railway operating companies indicates that job demand, work shift, work environment and stressors have significant effect on their health, among which stressors is a major factor. In the respect of moderating effect, WLB showed no significance except for job demand. This result implies that controller's health can not be enhanced through their individual family or leisure life. Therefore, effective countermeasures and policy to mitigate their health problems and heal their symptoms are urgent.

This study intended to exploratively depict both the influence of Environmental Turbulence, Market Orientation, and Learning Orientation of IT companies on Marketing Capability which is one of the organizational performance, and the moderating effects of Learning Orientation and Environmental Turbulence of IT companies on the relationship between Market Orientation and Marketing Capability as well as the relationship between Learning Orientation and Marketing Capability based on respective interactions among related variables. Through this study, several factors contributing to the enhancement of organizational performance such as competitor orientation, shared vision, and open-mindedness were highlighted as major ones, with the fact that competitive intensity, market and technological turbulence of environmental turbulence dimension make effects on organizational performance through interaction effect.

도시철도 기관사는 일상적 교번근무의 제도적 틀에 따른 심리적, 신체적 피로와 긴 장감을 경험하는 한편, 사고 및 장애발생의 가능성을 늘 염려하면서 주어진 과업을 수 행해나가고 있다. 즉, 이들은 항상 이례상황의 발생가능성을 염려하면서 과도한 스트 레스를 느끼게 되는데, 이는 공포불안과 분노혐오라는 부정적 정서를 유발시키는 원인 이 된다. 이 같은 부정적 정서는 기관사의 일과 삶의 균형에 상당한 손상을 주는 요인 이 된다. 본 연구는 도시철도 기관사의 이례상황 스트레스가 기관사의 정서와 일과 삶의 균 형에 미치는 부정적 영향을 살펴보고 이 같은 일련의 관계에서 기관사의 이례상황 스 트레스를 완화하고 일과 삶의 균형을 제고할 수 있는 제도적 방안이 무엇인지를 살펴 보는데 주된 목적을 두었다.

This study highlights empirically the relationship among major constructs such as accident, fear and anxiety emotion, self-efficacy, and negative spillover of work, focused on the railway drivers. The differentiated factor of this study is in that the experience of accident was posed as exogenous variable. The main statistical tool was Regression. Hypothesis tests based on 201 samples verified that the experience of accidents showed a significant effect on negative spillover of work mediated by fear and anxiety, with moderating effect of self-efficacy between fear and anxiety and negative spillover of work. However, the moderating effect was shown as increasing the degree of negative spillover of work, since the drivers recognized their fear and anxiety accrued by accident experience as uncontrollable. This findings suggest the need for mitigating driver's negative emotion - fear and anxiety - through an introduction of practice such as exemption of settlement obligation in accident site and lowering of the penalty for accident responsibility.

This study highlights the theme of human error of train drivers, conducting empirical analysis on the relationship between organizational culture, safety climates, safety behavior, and accident. The empirical test results based on questionnaires received from 223 train drivers working at A subway firm indicated that relationship conflict and psychological reward as the elements of organizational culture variables showed a significant positive effect on CEO philosophy, communication, and boss's leadership. And only boss's leadership showed a positive influence on safety behavior, which in turn showed a significant negative relationship with accidents.

Korean societal concern for the train accidents is fast and widely increasing with an ever-increasing demand and use for KTX. Most of these train accidents are inclined to be caused by human error. Experts used to attribute the causes of human error to the defects in various aspects such as technology, organizational system, practices, corporate culture, and/or human resource itself. Among the diverse causes of human error, an important one, even though it was rarely focused, may be the issue of impact of rule or procedure change on human error. Giving attention to the implicit importance of this issue, this study intends to highlight the theme of frequent procedure change in railway driving manual as a critical factor of human error. To attain this purpose mentioned above, dual methodologies were adopted. One is to qualitatively analyze the real cases of procedure change in relevant manuals followed by the incident case(passing the station scheduled to stop) happened lately. Another is to quantitatively perform statistical analysis based on questionnaires received from 224 train drivers. Results show that frequent changes in internal affairs procedure is or may be an important factor causing stress and human error from train drivers.

본 연구는 영등포역을 통과한 고속열차가 ‘왜 통과를 했을까?’ 에 의문을 갖고 연구 를 하게 되었다. 승객의 증대에 따라 열차의 운행횟수가 증가할수록 장애나 사고에의 노출 또한 증대된다는 것은 어쩌면 당연한 것이라 하겠다. 열차가 차량기지에서 정비를 마치고 KTX기장(기관사)에게 인계되면 운행이 개시되 는데 열차가 운행하기 위해서는 약 9~10개의 사규를 적용받게 된다. 특히 운전과 관계 된 사규는 열차안전운행에 매우 중요한 필수적인 내용을 포함하고 있기 때문에 KTX 기장(기관사)은 이를 장기간에 걸쳐 암기하게 되는데, 응급을 요하는 상황이 발생할 경우 몇 년간 숙달된 예전의 사규와 새로이 변경된 사규의 혼동으로 인해 기장(기관 사)은 상당한 부담감을 느끼게 되며 적절한 사고조치를 취해야 하는 상황에서 많은 기 장(기관사)들이 심적 스트레스 상황에 노출되어 있다. 그 동안 장애나 사고가 발생하 면 그에 대한 대처는 제도나 시스템 개선보다는 인적보완으로 이루어지는 경향이 있 었다. 그렇기에 사규의 개정이 휴먼에러의 유발에 기여하는 측면은 없는지, 또한 휴먼 에러를 유발시킨다면 어떤 인과관계가 있는지를 발견해 사전에 휴먼에러를 저감시킨 다는 것은 매우 중요한 국면이다. 제357열차의 영등포역 통과사례를 토대로 제도적, 인간적, 시스템적 및 규정개정의 문제 등을 분석하여 각 측면의 문제점을 보완하고 개선함으로써 휴먼에러의 발생을 최소화하고 열차의 안전운행을 제고에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

This study highlights the theme of human error of train drivers, conducting empirical analysis on the relationship between emergency stress, psychological fatigue, safety behavior, and accident. The hypothetical test results based on questionnaires received from 223 train drivers working at A subway firm indicate that emergency stress shows a significant positive effect on psychological fatigue, which in turn shows a significant negative influence on safety behavior. And safety behavior is shown having a significant negative relationship with accident. These results suggest the necessity of corporate-level approaches to depict the drastic causes of drivers’ emergency stress, and to effectively manage this stress, as well as the necessity of making effort to enhance safety behavior, and to prevent or reduce accidents.

Abstract In Korean society, the theme of human errors in railway has been emerging as a critical issue. As far as human error studies are concerned, main trend has been inclined to be led by industrial engineering and systems science. Apart from those trends, this study empirically highlighted the relationship between depression, which has been a frequent research subject in the medical science and psychology, and accidents, with setting depression as an exogenous variable and cognitive failure and mistake as endogenous variables, respectively. Results of hypotheses test for the 204 respondents showed that driver's depression has a significant effect on accidents mediated by cognitive failure and mistake. This findings suggest the need for exploring the diverse latent factors causing human errors and for understanding the complex cognitive process as well as for establishing integrative countermeasures to mitigate human errors.

Because the damages of corrosion resulting from the chloride ion are very serious, many research studies have been performed to measure the penetration depth of the chloride ion. However, there is a problem with data selection obtained from collection during experiments. In this study, it appears that the collected data are not conformed to a normal distribution. The result of this study will play a very important role, as a first step for the development and construction of a forecasting system to help determine a reliable service lifetime of marine structures.

기관사와 관제사는 일상적 교번근무의 제도적 틀과 사고 및 장애발생의 가능성을 늘 염려하면서 주어진 과업을 수행해나가고 있다. 최근 철도분야의 휴먼에러에 대한 사회적 관심이 높아지면서 휴먼에러 유발의 원인과 해소방안에 대한 연구관심도 더불어 증대되고 있다. 그 동안 기관사를 대상으로 한 연구가 주류를 이루고 있는 가운데 관제사에 대한 접근은 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 그러나 관제사 또한 안전업무종사자의 일원으로 이들의 과업수행은 휴먼에러와 깊은 관련성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 안전업무종사자인 기관사와 관제사의 휴먼에러 및 그 선행요인과 후행요인을 탐색적으로 밝히되 사회심리변인들의 상관관계분석 결과를 토대로 두 직종을 비교관점에서 접근함으로써 좀 더 의미있는 결과를 도출하는데 주력했다.

Since 1990, BSC system has been adopted all over the world as an important tool for organizational performance management. However, despite its merits and contribution for/to the organizational performance management, it is often reported that this system has some problems and limitations in several aspects. The purpose of this article is to depict the usefulness of BSC as well as its limitations, and suggest some direction for enhancing its effectiveness. To attain this purpose, several aspects of current BSC system are analyzed through case study and questionnaire when necessary, focusing on the public organizations.