In this study, partially dry transfer is investigated to solve the problem of fully dry transfer. Partially dry transfer is a method in which multiple layers of graphene are dry-transferred over a wet-transferred graphene layer. At a wavelength of 550 nm, the transmittance of the partially dry-transferred graphene is seen to be about 3% higher for each layer than that of the fully dry-transferred graphene. Furthermore, the sheet resistance of the partially drytransferred graphene is relatively lower than that of the fully dry-transferred graphene, with the minimum sheet resistance being 179 Ω/sq. In addition, the fully dry-transferred graphene is easily damaged during the solution process, so that the performance of the organic photovoltaics (OPV) does not occur. In contrast, the best efficiency achievable for OPV using the partially dry-transferred graphene is 2.37% for 4 layers.

In this study, a method to remove residual powder on a multi-layered graphene and a new approach to transfer multi-layered graphene at once are studied. A graphene one-step transfer (GOST) method is conducted to minimize the residual powder comparison with a layer-by-layer transfer. Furthermore, a residual powder removing process is investigated to remove residual powder at the top of a multi-layered graphene. After residual powder is removed, the sheet resistance of graphene is decreased from 393 to 340 Ohm/sq in a four-layered graphene. In addition, transmittance slightly increases after residual powder is removed from the top of the multi-layered graphene. Optical and atomic-force microscopy images are used to analyze the graphene surface, and the Ra value is reduced from 5.2 to 3.7 nm following residual powder removal. Therefore, GOST and residual powder removal resolve the limited application of graphene electrodes due to residual powder.

Characteristics of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are consistent with those of embryonic stem (ES) cells. However, exogenous genes integrated by using retrovirus delivery systems cannot be completely removed from the cells. In a recent report, activation-induced cytosine deaminase (AID) and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG) can induce pluripotency state in mouse differentiated cells through the process of DNA demethylation. Thus, we hypothesized that the two reprogramming factors may convert efficiently bovine differentiated cells into pluripotency state. So, genes of AID and TDG were integrated into pCMV6-AC-IRES-GFP-Puro expression vector, which was transfected into bovine differentiated cells. As results, the colonies derived from AID+TDG-induced bovine cells were formed on day 7 after culture. The number of AP positively colonies in AID+TDG-induced bovine cells was significantly higher than in AID-induced bovine cells (p<0.05). Additionally, expression of pluripotent genes (OCT-3/4, NANOG, SOX2) was slightly increased in AID+TDG-induced bovine cells, as compared to AID-induced bovine cells. Protein expressions of OCT-3/4, NANOG and SOX2 in AID+TDG-induced bovine cells were slightly increased rather than AID-induced bovine cells. Finally, DNA demethylation in the promoter regions of pluripotent markers in AID+TDG-induced bovine cells was increased than that of AID-induced bovine cells. In conclusion, pluripotent stem cells could be efficiently produced from bovine differentiated cells by using non-integrating delivery system with the reprogramming factors (AID and TDG).

This study was performed to improve the foaming generated in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant from March 2015 to July 2016. The main cause of foaming was air entrainment by an impinging jet and the internal accumulation by the diffusion barrier. Particularly, the foam growth was most active when there is low tide and larger discharge. To solve this problem, we experimented after installing fine mesh screen and the artificial channel device with underwater discharging outlet in the treated wastewater discharge channel and the outlet, respectively. As a result, the effects of foam reduction by devices ranged 85.0~92.0% and 70.7~85.6%, respectively. In addition, the foam and the noise were easily solved, first of all look to contribute to the prevention of complaints. Our device studies were applied to a single wastewater treatment plant. However, it is considered to be able to apply in other similar cases of domestic sewage treatment plants.

This study was conducted to suggest the cause analysis and mitigation measures of foaming generated in the effluent of wastewater treatment plant. The foam generated in the outlet connected with the tidal river system was identified as structural problems. And the main cause of foaming was air entrainment by an impinging jet and the internal accumulation by the diffusion barrier. In consideration of these conditions, it present the effective ways such as micro-screen and submerged outlet, to mitigate the foaming generated in the water channel and outlet end.

본 연구는 침지형 분리막 모듈에 자체 설계한 회전원판을 적용하여 운전시간 경과에 따른 막오염 감소효과와 최적의 운전조건을 투과실험으로 알아보았다. 원료용액으로는 kaolin과 bentonite를 농도별로 제조하여 사용하였고, 원판의 회전수를 120 rpm까지 변화시키면서 60분 동안 실험하였다. 회전원판에 의한 막오염 감소 효과로 kaolin 수용액을 대상으로 한 실험에서는 흡입압력이 약 28%까지 감소하였다. 또한 kaolin 농도에 따라서 최적 투과유속이 감소하였으며 0.4wt% 일 경우는 60 내지 70 LMH가 적당하였다. Bentonite 수용액에 대하여 투과유속이 30 LMH 일 경우에 원판의 회전속도가 80 rpm 이상이 되면 흡입압력이 대략 0 mmHg에 접근하였다.

기능성 다이어트 식품을 개발을 목적으로, 키토산과 견 피브로인의 복합체를 만들고 성질을 조사하였다. 키토산은 대동새우로부터 추출하였고, 견사 피브로인 섬유는 누에로부터 추출하였다. 견사의 특성을 알아보기 위하여 용해도를 조사한 결과, 용해도는 8M LiBr이상의 농도와 40℃ 이상에서 가장 높았다. 견사 피브로인의 아미노산 조성은 천연견사 및 용해시킨 피브로인과 같았다. 키토산, 견사 피브로인 복합체의 아미노산 조성은 glycine, alanine, serine, tyrosine, threonine 및 glutamic acid 순서를 많았다. 또한 IR 스펙트럼 결과, 키토산·견사 피브로인 복합체는 배합비율에 따른 스텍트럼상의 차이는 거의 없었다.

Tendon driven robot mechanisms have many advantages such as allowing miniaturization and light-weight designs and/or enhancing flexibility in the design of structures. When designing or analyzing tendon driven mechanisms, it is important to determine how the tendons should be connected and whether the designed mechanism is easily controllable. Graph representation is useful to view and analyze such tendon driven mechanisms that are complicatedly interconnected between mechanical elements. In this paper, we propose a method of generalized graph representation that provides us with an intuitive analysis tool not only for tendon driven manipulators, but also various other kinds of mechanical systems which are combined with tendons. This method leads us to easily obtain structure matrix - which is the one of the most important steps in analyzing tendon driven mechanisms.

전통발효식품의 기능성 및 저장성을 증진시킬 목적으로 전통된장으로부터 효소활성 및 항균활성이 우수한 CH-14 균주를 분리하여 그 특성을 검토하였다. 분리한 CH-14 균주는 그람양성, catalase 양성, oxidase 음성, 내생포자 및 편모를 가지는 간균으로 세포의 크기는 이었다. 최종 분리균을 Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology 및 Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bact

전통발효식품인 된장으로부터 높은 활성의 fibrinolytic enzyme를 생산하는 미생물을 수십 종 분리하였다. 산업적으로 우수한 균종을 선별하기 위하여 분리된 미생물중 fibrinolytic enzyme활성과 성장 속도면에서 가장 우수한 균주를 선별하여 하였으며, 형태학적, 생화학적 및 생리학적 특성을 조사한 후 Bacillus sp.로 동정되었다. Fibrinolytic enzyme생산을 위한 최적 배양조건은 초기 pH 일 때 상대활성도가

동치미로부터 분리된 Latobacillus sp. FF-3의 Bacteriocin 생산에 대한 최적 배양조건과 배양 특성을 조사하였다. Bacteriocin 생산을 위한 최적 생산조건은 MRS(proteose peptone 1%, beef extract 1%, yeast extract 0.5%, glucose 2%, polysorbate 80 0.1%, ammonium citrate 0.2%, sodium acetate 0.5%, magnesiu

생균제로서 가능성 있는 유산균의 선별을 위해 발효식품인 동치미로부터 분리된 균주들의 내산성, 내담즙성, 내췌장 액성 및 유해균 억제능을 조사하였다. 특히 분리된 균종 중에서 FF-3가 인공위액과 담즙산에 대한 높은 내성을 나타내었을 뿐만 아니라, Salmonella sp. 과 Escherichia coli에 대하여 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었다. FF-3유래 박테리오신은 그람 양성 및 음성 세균에서 넓은 항균 범위를 나타내었다 본 연구에서 최종선별