We conducted the experiment in order to evaluate the control effect of whitefly using the sticky trap. Both Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes vaporariorum were more attracted to yellow sticky trap than white or blue colored traps. When yellow sticky traps were installed in different height around tomato, catches of B. tabaci were not significantly different among the traps and catches of T. vaporariorum on the traps in the upper position were more than lower position. T. vaporariorum was more attracted to trap when host plant is smaller. The attracted number to yellow sticky traps were not significantly different between whiteflies (B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum) and their parasitoids (Encarsia formosa and Eretmocerus mundus). Yellow sticky trap reduced population density of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum by more than 80% on tomato nursery in a screen cage. Population density of whiteflies in greenhouse installed yellow sticky traps was less than one third of that in untreated greenhouse.

We conducted a survey of actual using conditions of farm-made liquid fertilizers by investigating their formulation types, materials, making processes, using methods and various beneficial effects on 29 farms certified by National Agricultural Products Quality Management Service to produce environment-friendly agricultural products in 2009. Most of the materials used to make liquid fertilizers are those that can be easily obtained around the farms. Molasses or black sugar are added as an energy source of microorganism. And leaf mold, bacterial cultures supplied by agricultural extension centers of local governments, and cultures of native microorganisms were used as microbial sources for fermenting effective microorganisms. Types of the farm-made liquid fertilizers were fermented liquid fertilizers, fermented plant juices, amino acid liquid fertilizers, calcium-liquid fertilizers, and phosphoric acid liquid fertilizers. Effects of liquid fertilizers used by the farms were found to promote plant growth by supplying nutrition, to accelerate blooming and flower bud formation, to enhance the quality of agricultural products such as increase of sugar contents and improvement of storing conditions, to induce resistance against diseases and insect pests, and to cause endurance to high temperature stress. Chemical properties of the liquid fertilizers collected were analyzed. As a result, pH and EC range showed differences according to kinds of the liquid fertilizers. Amount of macro-nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphoric acid, in most of the collected liquid fertilizers, was found to be low. Even though the liquid fertilizers were made from same materials, their contents was found to be different depending on the making process.

본 연구에서는 전호추출물의 주름개선에 대한 효능을 측정하기 위하여 인간의 섬유아세포에 전호추출물을 처리하여 총콜라겐과 type I procollagen, MMP-1의 생합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 전호추출물을 인간 섬유아세포에 처리 시 콜라겐의 생합성은 증가시켰지만, MMP-1의 발현에 대해서는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 이는 전호추출물이 자외선에 의해 영향을 받는 광노화보다는, 노화에 의해 콜라겐 생합성율이 감소되는 내인성노화에 훨씬 유효함을 시사한다. 전호추출물을 처리시 95% EtOH 추출물의 경우 25%까지 총콜라겐의 생합성을 증가시켰고, EtOAc층은 28%, EtOAc의 E6 소분획의 경우 50% 증가시켰으므로, 콜라겐 생합성에 영향을 미치는 유효성분은 EtOAc층에 대부분 함유되어 있을 것으로 사료되고, 이는 확인되지 않은 미지의 효능 성분이 존재하거나, 다양한 활성 성분들의 상호 작용에 의한 것으로 판단된다. 결론적으로 전호추출물은 콜라겐 생합성을 촉진함으로 내인성노화에 의한 주름생성 및 탄력저하를 개선할 수 있는 천연 유용자원으로 이용할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in physicochemical and microbiological properties during fermenting process of farm-made organic liquid fertilizer made of the mixture of organic materials such as blood meal and molasse during fermenting process. The pH level of organic liquid fertilizer during the fermentation decreased from 7.2 to 4.3. The EC of organic liquid fertilizer was increased from 13.9 dS/m to 99.3 dS/m during the fermentation. The total population of aerobic bacteria decreased from 8.2×105 cfu/ml to 3×104 cfu/ml, but Bacillus spp. increased from 2.1×102 cfu/ml to 4.2×103 cfu/ml during the fermenta-tion. Bacterial isolates were obtained from organic liquid fertilizers and identified by fatty acid-base typing. The Genus Bacillus was dominant as fermenting proceeded. The denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile showed changes of bacterial communities in organic liquid fertilizers.

본 논문에서는 손상선박의 안전대책에 관한 연구의 일환으로서, 황천항행중인 선박이 충돌, 좌초 등 원인에 의해 조종불능이 되었을 때를 가상하고, 예선ㆍ피예선계의 침로안정성에 미치는 풍향, 풍속, 예항삭의 길이의 영향을 이론적으로 검토하고, 풍압하에서 피예선을 다른 안전한 장소로의 예항에 대하여 하나의 지침을 주는 것을 목적으로 한다. 여기에서 실선은 Hulk carrier와 Passenger liner를 모델로 삼았고 외력으로서는 파도가 충분히 발달되지 않은 바람이 부는 초기상태 혹은 저속으로 항행하는 상태를 고려하여 바람의 영향만을 취급하며 피예선은 조타를 하지 아니한다.