Background : Indigenous plant in Jeju island, Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai, belongs to the Bambusoideae and inhabit around Mt. Halla. According to the ancient book such as Dongui Bogam, Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai have been known to possess the antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diuresis effect. However, because of gradual upturning temperature, Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai was spread out to wider area and intrude the habitat that other plant species are growing. Recently, although the study to seek effective use of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai, the investigation about functional properties has not been taken place enough. Methods and Results : To assess the inhibitory activity of melanin synthesis, we employ the tyrosine as substrate and measure the formation of dopaquione at 490 nm. Firstly, 0.1 mM potassium phosphate buffer and tyrosinase were mixed and incubated at 37℃. After incubating at 37℃, the absorbance rate was measured at 490 nm. The value was compared with positive control, arbutin, and calculated with the rate between sample and control value. Previously, formononetin, glabrene, glabridin, glabrol, artocarbene, dihydromoriin are known as effective substances for whitening. Moreover, the arbutin, which was separated from Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Sprengel, are widely used in cosmetic field. Arbutin inhibits tyrosinase and tyrosine synthesis, which induce blackish pigmentation. Practically, the Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai leaf ethanol extract depend on different solvent condition, whole extracts showed stronger inhibition than arbutin. Especially, 60% ethanol extract exhibited twice higher tyrosinase inhibitory activity than arbutin, whereas least inhibitory activity was seen in 20% ethanol extract. Conclusion : In this study, a attempt was made to investigate the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai leaves extracted by different solvent condition. In the results, each extracts was prior to arbutin. Yet, 20% ethanol extract was lowest, but on the one hand, 60% ethanol extract demonstrated the highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Backgrounds : Pomelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck) is the kind of citrus fruit which is Dicotyledoneae belongs to Rutaceae and special product in Jeju island. According to the previous researches, coumarin, eliocitrin, naringin are identified and these kinds of constituents revealed to be effective as anticancer, antioxidant, and antidiabetic. Until recently, there are many investigations about its functional properties were reported, but investigation about biological activities depend on extraction conditions are not sufficient. Methods and Results : 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was performed by the method of Blois with minor modification. After adding DPPH radical to each sample solutions, the mixtures were incubated in 30 minutes at aphotic place. Then, the degree of scavenging activity was recorded by microplate reader at 490 nm. The scavenging activity was expressed by RC50, which is the concentration of sample solution necessitated to scavenge 50% DPPH radical against negative control. For α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, the method using p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside (pNPG) was applied. To each samples, α-glucosidase and pNPG were mixed and incubated, consequently, Na2CO3 was added to terminate the reaction. Finally, absorbance was read at 450 nm. The same as DPPH radical scavenging activity, the inhibition was explicitly expressed by the amount of sample solution to inhibit 50% α-glucosidase, IC50. The 80% MeOH extract demonstrated the highest radical scavenging activity with 74.32±8.45 μg/ml. α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was carried out to evaluate the inhibitory activity of sugar digestion and absorption and 60, 80% MeOH extract exhibited 416.35±11.07 μg/ml and 336.57±2.03 μg/ml, respectively. Conclusion : The DPPH radical scavenging and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were evaluated in this study. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was seen in 80% Citrus grandis Osbeck MeOH extract, following 60% MeOH extract exhibited the second highest scavenging activity. Also, 80% MeOH extract showed 336.57±2.03 μg/ml, which was the highest α-glucosidase inhibition among all extracts.

Background : From 2000 years ago, Panax ginseng is identified as precious pharmaceutical plant. Depend on growing environment, the name would be vary. For instance, it is called "mountain cultured ginseng (jangnoesam)" which is artificially grown ginseng, "Cultured ginseng (jaebaesam)" which refer to the ginseng grown in the forest, and lastly "Wild ginseng (sansam)" which inhabits in deep mountain. The main active compounds in the Panax ginseng is called ginsenoside and many researches have been performing in biological field. However, most studies focus on functional ability of ginseng. In this study, to seek the suitable extraction condition and antioxidant activity, cell cultured Panax ginseng was extracted according to different ethanol concentration and extraction time. Methods and Results : To establish the optimal extraction condition, the sample was pulverized into 500 μm and added 10% (v/v), 30% (v/v), 50% (v/v), 70% (v/v) and, 90% (v/v) EtOH. After that, the samples are extracted in different time by ultrasonic bath (Power sonic 520, Hwashin Co., Korea). The extracts was filtered by Whatman No. 2 filtering paper. Eventually, the saponin was separated by n-butanol as the ginsenoside, the combination of terpenoid and sugar. The extraction yield of 90% cell cultured panax ginseng EtOH extract was 7.36±0.33%, which was the lowest extraction yield and simultaneously, 10% EtOH extract showed 1.8 times more yield that of 90% EtOH extract. The saponin extraction yield revealed 10% and 70% EtOH extract showed 1.64±0.06% and 3.13±0.08%, respectively. Conclusion : The suitable extraction yield in cell cultured panax ginseng and saponin were evaluated by different extraction condition such as ethanol concentration and extraction time. As a result, when 10% EtOH was applied as solvent, the yield was doubles of 90% EtOH extract. As ethanol became high concentrations, the extraction yield was gradually increased. Among them, crude saponin, the main active compounds in Panax ginseng was extracted the most by 70% EtOH and that value was 3.13±0.08%.

This study had been conducted to investigate the effect of some plant growth regulators inducing fruit enlargement and optimal harvest time in Sageretia thea. Two hundred fifty ㎎/ℓ mepiquat chloride treatment, 1㎎/ℓ thidiazuron treatment on full bloom, and 200㎎/ℓ gibberellic acid treatment on 7 days before full bloom resulted in the increase of 21.7% in weight, and 200㎎/ℓ gibberellic acid treatment 7 days before full bloom, 10㎎/ℓ forchlorfenuron treatment 14 days after full bloom, and 1㎎/ℓ thidiazuron treatment on full bloom also brought about positive effects on the enlargement of the fruit, increasing 6.3%, 6.3% and 8.1% in its transverse diameter, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of the plant growth regulator treatments on the harvest time of Sageretia thea were determined as follows: the increase in the optimal harvest time of 57.2 - 75.4%, shorter maturation period, by the treatments with 500㎎/ℓ mepiquat chloride 7 days after full bloom, 100㎎/ℓ gibberellic acid treatment on full bloom, 2.5㎎/ℓ forchlorofenuron 7 days after full bloom and 2㎎/ℓ thidiazuron treatment 7 days before full bloom; and the greater effects of plant growth regulator treatments on the fruit maturation in the following order, gibberellic acid > thidiazuron > forchlorofenuron > mepiquat chloride. The results of this study are expected to be used as a reference data to develop Sageretia thea as a new local specific crop for Jeju island.

In this study, we determined the ingredient analysis of harvested garlic bulb and soil analysis of four garliccultivated regions in Jeju, being one of the major areas of Namdo garlic production. Soil pH and electric conductivity were 7.02 and 1.03 dS/m, respectively. Soil organic matter was 4.31%. The mineral elements (potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, copper and zinc) of Namdo garlic cultivated soil were analyzed by ICP, and calcium was the most highly contained mineral with 14.67 cmol+/kg and in the decreasing order of magnesium (2.25 cmol+/㎏), potassium (1.51 cmol+/㎏). Soluble solid and total acidity were 7.60 oBrix and 0.49%, respectively. The mineral contents of garlic bulb were in order of potassium (12,728 ppm) > sulfur (7,778 ppm) > phosphorus (4,916 ppm) > magnesium (691 ppm) > calcium (359 ppm). The content of total phenolic, total flavonoid and reducing sugar were 71.14 ㎎ GAE/100 g, 17.64 ㎎ QE/100 g and 26.53 ㎎ GE/g, respectively. Alliin and allicin were 8.78 ㎎/g and 2.10 ㎎/g, respectively. The Pearson’s correlation coefficients between mineral contents of soil and garlic bulb are analyzed. Macronutrients of soil is correlated with macronutrients of garlic (positive) and micronutrients of garlic (negative) contents.

Characteristic of seed for Sageretia thea fruits collected from the habitat of harvest season in Jeju and theirgermination ratio in different temperatures were considered. The average weight was 0.2g, average diameter was 7.2㎜,average length was 6.5㎜, and size distribution range was 5.1~10.0mm. The number of seeds per fruit was 1.8, and 1000grain weight was 7.77g with diameter of 3.7㎜ and thickness of 1.7㎜ in size. The fruit maturation was investigated to befrom April 27 to June 1, when the best maturation period was about a week, May 11 to May 18. Also, the fruits grown onMay 4 to May 11 were seen to have the bigger in transverse size and weight with a tendency of the earlier maturation datehas the greater the number of seeds. S. thea seeds pretreated for 24 hours at 50℃ were not germinated, while most of thosepretreated for 24 hours at 4℃ were successfully germinated at any degree of temperature (except at a temperature of 10℃).Particularly, the highest germination rate of 55% was made at 15℃, and plumule and radicle were best grown within thetemperature range of 25℃.

건축물들의 화재와 안전사고 등의 철저한 관리와 불특정 다수인들의 피해를 예방하기 위하여 주요 시설물에 대한 점검, 유지, 관리교육 등 기존 건축시설물의 관리현황들을 조사ㆍ분석하였다. 그 결과는 1. 조직적인 측면에서 시설관리자들의 자발적인 재난예방과 재난수습의 원활한 추진을 위해서는 높은 통솔력과 지휘감독권이 절실히 요구된다. 그것은 시설관리자에게 실질적인 예산의 편성 및 운용을 할 수 있는 권한을 주고 또한 실무자에게도 맡은 부분에 관하여 책임과 권한을 주는 제도적 장치도 필요하다. 2. 인력적 측면에서 시설물의 관리자 대부분은 30대와 40대가 대다수를 차지하고 있고, 실무자는 30대(48％)에서 40대(24％)로 가면서 절반으로 줄어들었다. 관리자 및 실무자의 경력에 있어서도 7～10년 미만과 15～20년 미만의 분포가 낮은 것은 건축물의 시설관리의 전문 인력이 부족한 현상으로 실무자들이 현장에 남아서 정년을 맞을 수 있는 대책이 필요하다. 3. 시설관리자 및 실무자들의 근무 조건에서 시설관리자나 실무자 대다수는 근무형태가 불규칙한 근로 조건(71%)에서 근무하고, 급여의 조건도 미비하며 근무환경 역시 열악하였다. 따라서 이의 개선이 필요하며 현실적인 급여 등의 개선도 중요할 것이다. 4. 시설관리의 측면에서 시설물 관리자의 74%가 두 가지 이상의 시설관리업무를 수행하고 있고, 또한 넓은 관리면적을 담당하고 있었다. 이렇듯 시설물의 안전이나 충실한 관리 점검을 위해서도 관리자나 실무자들의 잡무 등은 줄여야 할 것으로 사료된다. 5. 교육의 측면에서 시설관리자들은 법정교육에 대해 89%가 상당한 도움이 된다고 하였다. 그러나 교육의 내용을 살펴보면 이론위주의 교육이 83％로 대부분을 차지하며, 시설관리현장에 바로 적용할 수 있는 실무위주의 교육은 17％밖에 되지 않아 아쉽다고 하였다. 이렇듯 실무교육시간의 확대가 필요하다.

This study was carried out to investigate the vegetation and habitat environment of Sageretia thea which isdistributed in Jeju island, Korea. Sageretia thea were mainly distributed to the west area in Jeju island. Soil pH andEC of Sageretia thea habitat were 5.8 and 0.34dS•m−1. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate, exchangeablepotassium, exchangeable sodium, exchangeable magnesium and exchangeable calcium were 15.27%, 13.6㎎㎏−1,0.27cmol+㎏−1, 1.3cmol+㎏−1, 1.7cmol+㎏−1, 4.9cmol+㎏−1, respectively. Thirty one taxa including 25 families, 31 genus, 27species and 4 varieties were identified surrounding Sageretia thea habitat. Specific plant species were 1 taxon in III grade, 1taxon in I grade and 3 taxa in I grade.