The SnSe single crystal shows an outstanding figure of merit (ZT) of 2.6 at 973 K; thus, it is considered to be a promising thermoelectric material. However, the mass production of SnSe single crystals is difficult, and their mechanical properties are poor. Alternatively, we can use polycrystalline SnSe powder, which has better mechanical properties. In this study, surface modification by atomic layer deposition (ALD) is chosen to increase the ZT value of SnSe polycrystalline powder. SnSe powder is ground by a ball mill. An ALD coating process using a rotary-type reactor is adopted. ZnO thin films are grown by 100 ALD cycles using diethylzinc and H2O as precursors at 100oC. ALD is performed at rotation speeds of 30, 40, 50, and 60 rpm to examine the effects of rotation speed on the thin film characteristics. The physical and chemical properties of ALD-coated SnSe powders are characterized by scanning and tunneling electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results reveal that a smooth oxygenrich ZnO layer is grown on SnSe at a rotation speed of 30 rpm. This result can be applied for the uniform coating of a ZnO layer on various powder materials.

In this study, (GaN)1-x(ZnO)x solid solution nanoparticles with a high zinc content are prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and subsequent nitridation. The structure and morphology of the samples are investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The characterization results show a phase transition from the Zn and Ga-based oxides (ZnO or ZnGa2O4) to a (GaN)1-x (ZnO)x solid solution under an NH3 atmosphere. The effect of the precursor solution concentration and nitridation temperature on the final products are systematically investigated to obtain (GaN)1-x(ZnO)x nanoparticles with a high Zn concentration. It is confirmed that the powder synthesized from the solution in which the ratio of Zn and Ga was set to 0.8:0.2, as the initial precursor composition was composed of about 0.8-mole fraction of Zn, similar to the initially set one, through nitriding treatment at 700oC. Besides, the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited the typical XRD pattern of (GaN)1-x(ZnO)x, and a strong absorption of visible light with a bandgap energy of approximately 2.78 eV, confirming their potential use as a hydrogen production photocatalyst.

In this paper, we conducted a survey to reveal the general perception of parents toward outdoor air quality, particulate matter (PM), and indoor air quality (IAQ) at schools where their children attend. A total of 1,030 parents participated in this survey, where the age of their children ranged between 7 years to over 19 years of age. Each participant was either a member of a non-governmental organization (NGO) with a keen interest in air quality or an ordinary public panel member with less interest. The result of the survey indicated that the participants had a negative perception of air quality, and parents believed that the outdoor and indoor air is extremely polluted. The participants pointed out that they believe that the main reason for the pollution is due to particulate matter (PM) and school classrooms are the location where their children are exposed to PM the most. Based on our study, the majority of the participants prefer a mechanical ventilation system to reduce indoor air pollutants in schools. Our study should be referred to by school officials in order to maintain IAQ and as a way of addressing the concerns of parents who want to protect their children’s health.

방오도료는 수중에서 사용 되는 시설물의 원치 않은 해양 생물 부착으로 인해 생기는 다양한 문제점을 해결 하기위해 사용되어 왔다. 하지만 최근, 방오도료에 사용되는 방오제가 해양생태계에 악영향을 미치는 것이 밝혀지면서 사용을 줄이거나 대체되고 있는 상황이다. 주로 사용되는 대체제로써 방오제를 사용하지 않거나 방출하지 않는 파울 릴리즈 방오 도료가 주목 받고 있다. 이 연구에서는, 파울 릴리즈 도료로 하이드 록실 말단 폴리 디메틸 실록산과 산화철 안료를 포함하는 접착 필름을 제작하였다. 방오 시험을 위해 박테리아로는 Escherichia coli와 미세조류 종으로 Navicula annexa 와 Nitzschia 종을 사용하여 수행하였다. 이 연구 결과로, 표면이 조금 더 거칠 때 물리적인 미생물 부착 방지를 통해 더 나은 방오 성능을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다.

우리나라에서 톱밥재배 방식으로 생산하는 표고의 경우 톱밥배지에 종균이 접종된 후 배양 및 갈변까지 완료된 완성형 배지의 형태 를 구입하여 버섯을 생산하는 농가가 대다수이며 , 중국으로부터 수입되는 표고 완성형 배지를 이용하는 재배 농가가 50% 이상을 차지하고 있다 . 표고버섯의 수출량은 105.5 105.5 톤(2019) 으로 팽이 , 새송이 , 느타리 다음으로 수출되었으며 수출 금액은 1,626 1,626천$(2019) 이다 . 수출 형태는 주로 건조버섯으로 수출되고 있으며 , 이외에 조제저장 , 생버섯의 형태로 수출되고 있다 . 신선버섯은 해외 수출을 위한 운송 수단에 따 라 유통기간이 크게 좌우되므로 완성형 배지로 수출 형태 전환의 필요성이 대두되고 있으며 , 수출 맞춤형 완성형 배지의 가장 적합한 배지조성을 설정하기 위해 본 연구를 수행하였다 . 시험품종은 ‘농진고 ’ 품종과 ‘참아람 ‘ 품종을 사용하였다 . 배지 재료의 주재료로는 참나무톱밥과 미송톱밥을 사용하였으며 , 영양원으 로는 미강 , 밀기울 , 대두박 , 파옥쇄를 사용하여 혼합비율을 달리한 20 처리를 하였다 .

Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) is considered a potentially attractive candidate for the visible-light-driven photodegradation of organic pollutants. In an effort to enhance their photocatalytic activities, BiVO4 nanofibers with controlled microstructures, grain sizes, and crystallinities are successfully prepared by electrospinning followed by a precisely controlled heat treatment. The structural features, morphologies, and photo-absorption performances of the asprepared samples are systematically investigated and can be readily controlled by varying the calcination temperature. From the physicochemical analysis results of the synthesized nanofiber, it is found that the nanofiber calcines at a lower temperature, shows a smaller crystallite size, and lower crystallinity. The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine-B (RhB) reveals that the photocatalytic activity of the BiVO4 nanofibers can be improved by a thermal treatment at a relatively low temperature because of the optimization of the conflicting characteristics, crystallinity, crystallite size, and microstructure. The photocatalytic activity of the nanofiber calcined at 350oC for the degradation of RhB under visible-light irradiation exhibits a greater photocatalytic activity than the nanofibers synthesized at 400oC and 450oC.

BW를 이용하여 느타리를 재배함에 있어 면실박을 대체 할 수 있는 재료를 찾기 위해 시험이 진행되었다. 일반성분 분석에서 BW가 면실박에 비해 단백질 함량은 다소 떨어졌으나 자실체의 생육특성에서 BW 혼합 시 대조구와 수량 등의 생육특성이 유사함을 확인할 수 있었고, 자실 체의 구성아미노산 조성 확인결과 처리구 간 아미노산의 함량은 큰 차이를 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 BW가 느타리 배지제작에 있어 면실박을 대체하여 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In this study, we determined the effect of different concentrations of Cd on the growth of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelia, which was confirmed using PDA, PDB, and a column test. The efficacy of treatment was evaluated using Cd at two concentrations, 10 ppm and 100 ppm. The extent of mycelial growth on PDA and PDB was similar to that observed in the untreated groups and those treated with 10 ppm Cd. However, it was found that the mycelial growth was suppressed in a system treated with Cd at concentrations of 100 ppm. Moreover, the extent of mycelial growth observed upon conducting a column test was similar to that obtained using PDA and PDB. When the composition of free amino acids in PDB was determined, their levels in the group treated with 100 ppm Cd were found to be similar to those of the control. However, the amounts of 15 amino acids in the group treated with 10 ppm of Cd had increased compared to those detected in the control.

This study aims to investigate the food preservation methods adopted by the Joseon Dynasty, which existed before the 17th century. A total of 232 food preservation methods were discovered in 25 books, and could be classified by their targeted food types: vegetables (84), sea foods (60), meats (41), fruits (37), and others (10). Depending on the preservation method applied, they are classified as food drying, soaking, mud cellar preservation, and other preservation. Food drying is further classified into 8 sub-types: drying, sun-drying, shadow-drying, wind-drying, dry heat, combined drying, smoking, and others. Soaking could be sub-divided into using salt, ash, dry sand, bran, fermented paste, wet distillers grains, oil, and others. Mud cellar preservation is sub-classified into installing shelf inside the mud cellar, making the mud cellar for food preservation, and making hole or underground tunnel for food preservation. Other food preservation methods include minimizing moisture loss by applying beeswax on a section of the vegetable stem, and cutting the vegetables or fruits with their branches and leaves for food preservation.

본 연구는 병재배 팽이버섯 ‘치쿠마쉬 T-011’의 정밀재배를 위한 최적 생육모델 개발하기 위하여 팽이버섯 병재배 농가를 대상으로 스마트팜 기술을 적용하여 생육환경을 분석한 결과를 보고하고자 한다. 실험농가의 균상면적은 60 m 2 , 균상형태는 4열 13단, 냉동기는 20마력, 단열은 샌드위치 판넬 100 T, 가습dms 초음파 가습기 6대, 난방은 12 kW를 사용하였고, 20,000병을 입병하여 재배하고 있었다. 팽이버섯 재배농가에서 생육환경 데이터를 수집하기 위하여 설치한 환경센서부로부터 버섯의 생육에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 온도, 습도, CO2농도를 수집 분석하였다. 온도는 발이단계에서 배양이 완료된 병을 균 긁기한 후 입상 시 14.5oC에서 시작하여 10일차까지 14~15oC를 유지하였고, 억제단계에서는 4oC에서 시작하여 15일차까지 2~3oC를 유지하였다. 생육단계에서는 7.5~9.5oC를 유지하면서 버섯을 수확하였다. 습도는 균긁 기한 후 입상 시 거의 100%에 가까웠고, 팽이버섯 발생 단계에서 습도는 88∼98%의 범위를 유지하였고, 억제단 계에서는 77~96%, 생육단계에서는 75~83% 범위를 유지 하였다. CO2농도는 발생단계에서 입상 시 3,500 ppm에서 시작하여 10일차까지는 3,500~6,000 ppm을 유지하였고, 억제단계에서는 6,000 ppm 수준이었으며 생육단계에서는 6,000 ppm 이상을 유지하였다. 농가에 재배하고 있는 ‘치쿠마쉬티-011’의 자실체 특성은 갓 직경 7.5 mm, 갓 두께 4.1 mm이며, 대 굵기 3.3 mm, 대 길이 154.2 mm 였다. 병 당 유효경수는 1,048개, 개체중은 0.71 g/unit이었으며 수량은 402.8 g/1,400 ml로 나타났다.

In this study, ultrasonic spray pyrolysis combined with salt-assisted decomposition, a process that adds sodium nitrate (NaNO3) into a titanium precursor solution, is used to synthesize nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles. The added NaNO3 prevents the agglomeration of the primary nanoparticles in the pyrolysis process. The nanoparticles are obtained after a washing process, removing NaNO3 and NaF from the secondary particles, which consist of the salts and TiO2 nanoparticles. The effects of pyrolysis temperature on the size, crystallographic characteristics, and bandgap energy of the synthesized nanoparticles are systematically investigated. The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles have a size of approximately 2–10 nm a bandgap energy of 3.1–3.25 eV, depending on the synthetic temperature. These differences in properties affect the photocatalytic activities of the synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles.