수수(Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench) 잡종의 미량(微量) 광물질(鑛物質) 함량에 미치는 정수장(淨水場) 슬러지의 영향에 관해 조사를 했는데, 이번 보고는 니켈 성분의 분석에 관한 것이다. 대조구(對照區), 부숙(腐熟)시킨 정수장 슬러지, 정수장 슬러지+질소－인산－칼륨 비료, 부숙시킨 슬러지+질소, 인산, 칼륨 비료의 4가지를 처리로 하였고, 1, 3, 5시간 예열(豫熱) 시간이 실험 조건이었다. 5시간 이후의 조건에서 백그라운드의 값이

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of periodontal disease to self-reported history of stroke in the elderly(60 years of age and older) with a special emphasis on elderly women. Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES III), a large population-based cross-sectional survey of the United States, were utilized for this study. Since we have 1,563 edentulous subjects from a total of 5,123 subjects and periodontal disease is a major cause of tooth loss, it was necessary to account for this in our statistical analysis. Hence, we developed a new index called the Periodontal Health Status(PHS) index. In the logistic regression models with stratification by gender, males did not show statistically significant relationship between Periodontal Health Status(PHS) and stroke history. In contrast, females showed some marginal association between Periodontal Health Status(PHS) and stroke history. Further longitudinal intervention studies need to be conducted to determine the temporal relationship between periodontal disease and stroke

Large scale production of cloned embryos requires the technology of multiple generational nuclear transfer(NT) by using NT embryos itself as the subsequent donor nuclei. In this work we investigated comparatively the effects of enucleated oocytes treated with ionomycin and 6-DMAP on the electrofusion rate and in vitro developmental potential in the first and second NT embryos. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does by flushing oviducts with Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline(D-PBS) containing 10% fetal calf serum(FCS) at 47 hours after hCG injection. The recipient cytoplasms were obtained by removing the nucleus and the first polar body from the oocytes collected at 15 hours after hCG injection. The enucleated oocytes were pre-activated by 5 min incubation in 5M ionomycin and 2 hours incubation in 2 mM 6-DMAP at 19~20 hours post-hCG before microinjection. In the first and second generation NT, the unsynchronized 16-cell stage embryos were used as nuclear donor. The separated donor blastomeres were injected into the enucleated activated recipient oocytes by micromanipulation and were electrofused by electrical stimulation of single pulse for 60 sec at 1.25kV/cm in +, + - free 0.28 M mannitol solution. In the non-preactivation group, the electrofusion and electrical stimulation was given 3 pulses for 60 sec at 1.25 kV/cm in 100M +, + 0.28 M mannitol solution. The fused oocytes were co-cultured with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in TCM-199 solution containing 10% FCS for 120 hours at 39 in a 5% incubator. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In the first generational NT embryos, the electrofusion rate of preactivated and non-activated oocytes(80.4 and 87.8%) was not significantly different, but in the second generational NT embryos, the electrofusion rate was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the non-activated oocytes(85.7%) than in the preactivated oocytes(70.1%). 2) In the first and second generational NT embryos, the developmental potential to biastocyst stage was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the preactivated oocytes(39.3 and35.7%) than in the non-preactivated oocytes(16.0 and 13.3%). No significant difference in the developmental potential was shown between the first and second generational NT embryos derived from the preactivated oocytes. In conclusion, it may be efficient to use the oocytes preactivated with ionomycin and 6-DMAP for the multiple production of cloned embryos by recycling nuclear transfer.

This experiment was carried out to produce cloned aniraals by nuclear transplantation in rabbits. The ovulated oocytes were collected from the oviducts between 14 and 15 hours after hGG injection. The denuded oocytes were used as nuclear recipient cytoplasm following enucleation by micromanipulation. The blastomeres separated from the 8-cell embryos were used as nuclear donor. The nucleated oocytes receiving a blastomere in the perivitelline space were electrically fused in the 0.28 M mannitol solution at 1.5 kV /cm, 60sec for three times. The nuclear transplant embryos which were used and developed to 2- to 4-cell stage in vitro were transferred into the oviducts of synchronized recipient does. A total of 64 nuclear transplant embryos were transferred to 7 recipient does and produced three offspring(4.7%) from a foster mother 31 days after embryo transfer.

The suitable electric stimulation is essential for activation and fusion of oocytes before or after nuclear transplantation The present study was undertaken to determine the optirnal condition for the parthenogenetic activation of in vitro rnatured(IVM) bovine oocytes by electric stimulation. Different direct current(DC) electric voltage of 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kV/cm and pulse duration of 30, 60 and 120 sec were applied to the JVM nocytes in 0.3 M mannitol solution containing each 100 M CaCl and MgCl. IVM occytes at 24, 28 and 32 hours Post-maturation(hpm) were also electrically stimulated at 1.5 kV /cm, for 60 sec. The stimulated nocytes were then co-cultured in TCM-199 solution containing 10% fetal calf serum with bovine oviductal epithelial cells for 7~9 days in a 5% incubator at 39 ~ Their activation and in vitro development to morula and blastocyst were assessed under an inverted microscope. The higher activation rates 62.8 and 63.4% and in vitro de- velopment rates to morula and blastocyst 5.1 and 10.9% were shown in the oocytes stimulated at the voltage of 1.0 and 1.5 kV/cm than 2.0 kV/cm, respectively. No signifi- cantly(P<0.05) different activation rate was shown in JVM oocytes stimulated for 30, 60 and 120 sec, but developmental rates to morula and blastocyst was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the oocytes stimulated for 30 sec(6~3%) and 60 sec(10~0%) than 120 sec(0~ 0%). The aged oocytes at 28 and 30 hpm showed significantly(P<0.05) higher activation rates(72~7 and 79.7%) than the oocytes at 24 hpm(50~9%)~ Also, their developmental rates to morula and blastocyst were significantly(P<0.05) higher in the nocytes at 28(14.3%) and 32 hpm(15.9%) than 24 hpm(3.6%). From these results, it can be suggested that the optimal electric stimulation for IVM bovine occytes is a DC voltage between 1.0 and 1.5 kV/cm, pulse duration of 30 or 60 sec, and the optimal age of IVM oocytes for electric activation is at 32 hpm.

This study analyzed characteristics of ozone (O3) formation regimes in Busan over a period of recent five years (2015~2019) and compared the findings with those obtained in Seoul. We employed four observed variations: early morning commuting-hour (i.e., 06:00-09:00 LST) nitrogen dioxide (NO2), peak-hour (i.e., 12:00-16:00 LST) O3, 8-hour average O3 (MDA8 O3), and △O3 (=O3_max- O3_min) in Busan and Seoul. In addition, the NO2-O3 relation was assessed to interpret which of NOx-limited or volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited was dominant. In Busan, the annual mean O3 concentration was relatively higher than in Seoul, whereas there were fewer high-concentration days. The Pearson correlation coefficients (R) between Early morning-hour NO2 and the Peak-hour O3 was positive (but close to zero) in Busan and negative in Seoul. Likewise, the R between the Early morning-hour NO2 and the △O3 showed a relatively considerable positive correlation (R=+0.4~0.5) in Busan, while a weak positive correlation (R=+0.1~0.2) in Seoul. From this result, it can be inferred that the O3 formation regime in Busan was intrepreted to be nearly neutral or relatively closer to the NOx-limited regime than Seoul, while Seoul to the VOC-limited regime. The study findings imply that O3 control strategies should be applied differently in Busan and Seoul. The results here were inferred from surface NO2 and O3 observations, and the varification studies based on in-situ VOCs measurements would be needed.

이 연구는 교장공모제 시행 여부에 따른 학교풍토, 직무만족도, 교사효능감에 대한 교사들의 인식을 비교함으로써 교장공모제가 각 요인에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 전국의 공립 초·중·고등학교에 재직 중인 교사를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 연구 참여자는 교장공모제를 시행 중인 학교의 교사 7,551명, 교장공모제를 시행하지 않는 일반학교의 교사 13,815명으로 총 21,366명이 최종 참여하였다. 연구 결과 교장공모제 여부는 학교풍토 및 교사 직무만족도와 유의한 관계가 있으며, 교사효능감에는 유의한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 교장공모제 시행 학교를 학교급별로 나누어 인식차를 분석한 결과 학교풍토, 직무만족도, 교사효능감 모두에서 초등학교 교사들의 인식이 가장 긍정적인 것으로 나타났고, 유형별로 나누어 인식차를 분석한 결과 학교풍토, 교사효능감에서 개방형 학교 교사들의 인식 평균값이 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 교장공모제가 학교 및 교사에 미치는 긍정적인 영향을 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있으나 일부 양적연구가 갖는 한계를 지니고 있어 제언을 통해 후속 연구의 필요성을 제기하였다.

This study was carried out to compare the survival and mutation rates and mutation spectrum by gamma-irradiation on rooted and unrooted cuttings of three spray type (‘Lovelydia’, ‘Yellowbabe’, and ‘Haetsal’) and two standard type (‘Vital’ and ‘Aqua’) cultivars in roses. Two groups, rooted and unrooted cuttings were gamma-irradiated at 70Gy for 24 hours. The irradiated rooted and unrooted cuttings were planted in a greenhouse, and survival, mutation rates and mutation spectrum were investigated 30 weeks after planting, respectively. As a result, survival and mutation rates ofgamma-ray irradiated plants were 16.4%~50.8% and 0~5.1% for unrooted cuttings, and 39.4%~55.1% and 0.7%~7.4% for rooted cuttings, respectively. In conclusion, both survival and mutation rates were a little higher on rooted cuttings than on unrooted cuttings. However, when only survived plants after gamma-ray irradiation were considered, mutation rates were 0~10% and 1.8%~14.1% for unrooted cuttings and rooted cuttings, respectively, showing no significant difference. In addition, diverse variations on color and number of petals or shape of flowers were detected both in plants from rooted and unrooted cuttings, which indicated that there was no significant difference in mutation spectrum between two groups.

본 연구는 지난 8년간의 수석교사제에 학계의 논의와 이슈 동향 등을 파악하여 향후 건설적 인 수석교사제의 추진을 위한 시사점을 도출해 보고자 하는 의도를 가지고 수행되었다. 이를 위해 수석교사제 시범운영을 시작한 2008년도부터 2014년도까지 국내 학술지에 게재된 연구 논문들을 내용분석법을 통하여 분석하였다. 논문의 전문성과 질적 수준을 고려하여 논문 검색 기준을 한국학술지인용색인(KCI) 등재 및 등재후보지로 한정하였으며, 총 42편을 연구대상으 로 선정 하였다. 시기별 분석결과 수석교사제 법제화 후인 2012년 이후 수석교사제와 관련된 연구가 급증하였다. 또한 수석교사제와 관련된 연구들은 다양한 연구 방법들을 활용하였으며, 그 중 양적연구방법(조사연구)이 가장 많은 비중을 차지하였다. 수석교사제에 대한 연구주제는 크게 개인차원, 학교차원, 그리고 정책차원으로 구분 가능하였다. 전반적으로 개인차원의 연구 주제가 수적으로 우세하였으며, 학교차원, 정책차원 순으로 뒤를 이었다. 또한 법제화 이전에 는 주로 개인차원과 학교차원의 연구가 많이 수행되었으나 법제화 이후에는 정책차원의 연구 가 많이 발표되었다. 연구대상으로는 수석교사들에 대한 연구가 과반이었으며, 수석교사와 일 반교원 모두에 대하여 시행한 연구가 그 뒤를 따랐다. 또한 학교급에 따른 연구동향을 분석한 결과 중등학교 단위의 수석교사제와 관련된 연구가 미비하였다.

농촌진흥청 농업유전자원센터에서 보유하고 있는 재래밀 유전자원 303점을 대상으로 2011년 10월 16일 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부 익산 전작포장에서 파종재배하여 이삭형태, 수밀도, 망의 형태 및 장단 등의 작물학적 특성을 조사하였고, 출수기에 식물체, 성숙기에 이삭, 수확기에 종실특성의 영상자료를 제작하여 재래밀 유전자원 특성을 조사하였다. 한국 재래종 밀 303점은 이삭의 형태에 따라 추형(52%), 봉형(31%), 방추형(12%), 곤봉형(5%)의 4개 그룹, 이삭의 소밀에 따라 소수형(26%), 중간형(44%), 밀수형(33%)의 3그룹, 망의 유무장단에 따라 장망종(64%), 단망종(26%), 무망종(10%)의 3그룹으로 나눌 수 있었다. 지역별로는 영남지방의 자원이 기호, 중원 및 호남지방의 것보다 수집빈도가 높았다. 유망한 재래밀 유전자원으로는 간장이 60cm 미만으로 단간인 자원은 『김제4(IT112968)』, 『김제6(IT018723)』, 『임실1(IT159750)』, 『장수10(IT159763)』, 『영일4(IT159778)』등 이었다. 한편 성숙기가 5월 하순으로 조숙인 자원은 『고창1(IT1010531)』, 『고성1(IT104873)』, 『경산1(IT118995)』, 『경산2(IT118996)』, 『상주1(IT119904)』등 이었고, 특히 내한성이 강하면서 단간이고 도복에 강한 자원은 『군포1(IT166455)』, 『밀양1(IT166468)』,『거제27(IT166469)』,무망이며 단간인 자원은 『KLW8631(IT140792)』, 무망이며 장간인 자원은 『거제17(IT15048)』이였다. 본 연구에 활용된 다양한 한국재래종 밀 유전자원은 자원주권 확보 및 육종소재로서의 활용도가 높을 것으로 생각된다.

최근 들어 WMS와 ArcHydro 및 HyGIS와 같이 수문학적 지형인자를 생성할 수 있는 GIS 프로그램이 널리 보급되고 있다. 이러한 프로그램에서는 격자형 고도자료인 DEM (Digital Elevation Model)을 이용하여 수자원에서 필요로 하는 다양한 지형인자를 계산할 수 있는 기능을 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 HyGIS로부터 산정된 수문학적 지형인자의 적용성을 평가하기 위해서 국내에서 주로 사용되고 있는 WMS와 ArcHydro를 이

In this study, a river basin with a lot of measured data such as water level, flow rate, current speed, and sediment rate from the past to now was selected and geometrical shape of a pier was re-analyzed, in order to study the effects of the flow around the pier area as well as the riverbed alternation characteristics. A finite element mesh of the entire river was prepared, and via parameter revision, the section that the pier has influence on was decided, to analyze the shape of the pier using RMA-2 and SED2D-WES models. With regards to the section that the pier has influence on, analysis was done on the four pier shapes, namely circle, square, rectangle, and octagon. The results showed that the shape with the least influence around the pier around is the octagon, followed by circle, rectangle, and square, showing the different geometrical effects that the shapes have on the pier. Furthermore, it was shown that the distribution of sediment concentration had effect from about (+)110 m of the upstream to about (-)130 m of the downstream, from the pier installation point. Also, it was shown after analyzing drag forces for different sediment particle distributions that the shape with the greatest drag is the octagon, followed by circle, square, and rectangle.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the sensitivity of the RMA2 model parameters reflecting the flow characteristics of stream junction and thus understand the hydraulic characteristics of the channel confluence flow. This study dealt with the input parameters of the RMA-2 model, a two-dimensional numerical analysis model widely used for researches both at home and abroad. The parameters of the RMA-2 model are roughness coefficient, turbulent diffusion coefficient, Coriolis forces latitude, Density, and mesh size. This study those parameters estimated from actual heavy rainfall, and varied the parameter size by (-)30%～+30% to review the characteristics of the flow characteristics of the channel section. Weobserved that when the ratio of the channel width was relatively small, the smaller the approaching angle was, the farther from the junctions became the generating place of the maximum flow velocity, however, when the ratio of the channel width was relatively large, the larger the approaching angle was, the farther the generating place of the maximum flow velocity from the junctions became. In particular, the distance between junctions and the place where the maximum flow velocity generated showed an absolute correlationover 90% of the relative channel width, but an inverse relationwas found when the distance to the place where the flow velocity generated was shortened as relative the channel width between the main channel and tributary increased.

The purpose of this study is to examine appropriate sub-basin division numbers that best reflect the hydrological characteristics of the basin so as to propose the criterion for dividing the sub-basin in analyzing flood runoff in the future. The characteristics of flood runoff variations were based on the WMS HEC-1 model, and the area in the upstream of the Dongbyeon water level observatory and the Geum-ho water level observatory was chosen for analysis, and examined the characteristics of the changes in flood runoff. First of all, in the targeted basin, if the sub-basin division number was 4 (that is, the area of the divided sub-basin was about 25% of the total area). Next, as the sub-basin division number gradually increased, the peak rate of runoff increased as well, and in case the sub-basin was not divided, the peak rate of runoff occurred at the earliest time. Given these results, the spatial change characteristics will be best reflected when the sub-basin is divided for analysis of flood runoff in such a way that the area of the divided sub-basin is about 25% of the total area of the basin. However, as these results are based on a limited number (4) of storms, more storm events and other basins need to be included in the review of the sub-basin division methodology.

The objective of this study is to propose a critical storm duration forecasting model on storm runoff in small river basin. The critical storm duration data of 582 sub-basin which introduced disaster impact assessment report on the National Emergency Management Agency during the period from 2004 to 2007 were collected, analyzed and studied. The stepwise multiple regression method are used to establish critical storm duration forecasting models(Linear and exponential type). The results of multiple regression analysis discriminated the linear type more than exponential type. The results of multiple linear regression analysis between the critical storm duration and 5 basin characteristics parameters such as basin area, main stream length, average slope of main stream, shape factor and CN showed more than 0.75 of correlation in terms of the multi correlation coefficient.