The objective of this study was to estimate distribution of hazardous air pollutants and volatile organic compounds at diverse indoor areas in school. The indoor air samples were collected at 19 school in three different areas of southern Korea region from September to October 2009. The concentrations of PM-10 and formaldehyde in all sampling sites were below indoor air quality guideline of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology. The CO₂ level and TBC (total bacteria count) were higher than the guideline for 4 sites and 12 sites, respectively. The concentration of TVOC for 23 sites exceeded the guideline. Also, TVOC level of metropolitan sampling sites were somewhat higher than small and medium-size city sampling sites. The concentration of indoor air pollutants affected by various conditions such as season, region, and indoor/outdoor environment. This study result shows that concentration of several pollutants such as CO₂, TBC, and TVOC were higher than the guideline for some sampling sites. Therefore, it is necessary to manage indoor air quality and establish effective emission reduction strategies regard for characteristics of each school.

The information about time spent in microenvironments plays a critical role for an exposure assessment of the person concerned, considering the personal exposure relies on the characterization of activity patterns of the population at risk and human activities impact the timing, location, and level of personal pollutant exposure. The purposes of this paper were to present indoor time activity patterns of Korean from a population-based study and to determine individual factors of time spent in microenvironments. The population based study collected time activity pattern of about 32,000 Korean for two consecutive days. The mean times spent at home, other indoors, outdoors, and transportation in related to the whole sample of 19.025 people are 14.23hrs(59.3%), 6.80hrs(28.3%), 1.26hrs(5.2%), and 1.75hrs(7.3%) in weekday, respectively. Database provides information on how the proportion of persons in different locations changes by time of day in weekday. Here, we see that over 90% of respondents were in a residence from about 11 PM to 5 AM, and the largest proportions of respondents in offices, factories, schools and public buildings occur between 8 AM and 5 PM.

The aim of this study was to investigate the legally-designated malodorous compounds at the plant boundary areas of 5 plants expected to emit high odor intensities, as well as! complaint area at the Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex in Korea. The sampling was carried out during spring and summer of 2003 and 2006. The concentrations of ammonia, sulfur compounds (hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide) and aldehydes (acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde) emitted during 2006 were higher than those emitted during 2003, and the concentrations emitted during summer were higher than those emitted during spring at the plant boundary areas. It was thought that the concentrations of odorants in the complaint area had been directly influenced by the concentrations of odorants in the plant boundary areas as they showed similar patterns of concentration variations. While the concentration of TMA during 2006 was lower than during 2003 at the all sampling sites, the concentration of styrene during 2006 was higher than during 2003 at the all sampling sites. The sites showed high concentrationsof odorous compounds at the plant boundary area of the related chemical and petrochemical refinery plants.

This study was undertaken to investigate the concentration of VOCs from newly built apartments in three cities (Suncheon, Yeosu, and Gwangyang) of Honam province in Korea. VOCs were sampled using canister and analyzed by GC/MSD. The result of the canister blank test showed that, most VOCs were not detected when 5 ppb was cleaned once and 10 ppb was cleaned with two times. In case of the replicate alalysis to check for the precision of GC/MSD, RSD values were found to be excellent at 6%. The upper floor of C apartment (25 pyong) showed the highest concentration of TVOCs at 3,235 ㎍/㎥. The average concentration of TVOCs was the highest in C apartment (25 pyong) as 1,833±1,217 ㎍/㎥. The average concentration of TVOCs in K (52 pyong) and S apartment (16 pyong) were 1,820±1,035 ㎍/㎥ and 498±71 ㎍/㎥, respectively. The I/O ratio of TVOCs were 8.99∼35.90 (mean : 25.99), 11.51∼35.43 (mean : 20.07) and 6.03∼7.90 (mean : 6.92) in K, C and S apartment, respectively. From these results, it is believed that the concentration of TVOCs was comparatively high in new apartment. Therefore, it is important to use low VOC emission materials to reduce the emission concentration of VOCs from in new apartment. It is hence necessary that a scientific study is performed to secure clean indoor air quality.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentration of aldehydes from new apartments in three cities(Suncheon, Yeosu, and Gwangyang) of Chonnam region. The target apartments were within 3 months after the completion of construction. Aldehydes were sampled using 2,4-DNPH cartridge and analyzed by HPLC. Temperature and relative humidity were monitored continuously every one minute by digital temperature and hygrometer. As the concentration ratio of formaldehyde between back-up and front cartridge was 3.94 6.97%, the 2,4-DNPH cartridge method satisfied a breakthrough problem for the sample collection. The repeatability of retention time and peak area for HPLC were excellent as 0.5 and 1.5%, respectively. The upper floor of S apartment (16 pyong) showed the highest concentration of formaldehyde as 1,093㎍/㎥. The average concentration of formaldehyde was the highest in K apartment(52 pyong) as 1,045㎍/㎥. The average concentration of formaldehyde in S apartment(16 pyong) and C apartment(25 pyong) were 872.6㎍/㎥ and 737.5㎍/㎥, respectively. The I/O ratios of formaldehyde were 56.9 60.0(mean : 59.1), 37.9 43.3(mean : 39.8) and 18.3 29.3(mean : 23.3) in K, C and S apartment, respectively. Therefore, it is believed that the indoor concentration of formaldehyde was very serious in new apartment. From these results, it is important that building material which emit low indoor pollutant should be selected for new apartments. In addition, management program for indoor air, such as using an adequate amount of adhesives, should be considered and indoor optimum condition should be maintained in new apartments.

This study estimated the emission characteristics of odorous volatiles organic compounds (VOCs) from major 7 emission facilities by industrial classification in Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex. This study investigated terminal emission facilities (Inlet and outlet) in the industrial plant area, the plant boundary area and Samil-dong which has many civil appeal for an offensive odor to grasp VOCs concentration in ambient air of the plant boundary area and civil appeal area from May, 2002 to December, 2004, besides. VOCs were sampled 6 L using silicocan canisters and toluene, xylene and styrene which are known as odorous VOCs were analyzed by cryogenic preconcentration system and GC/MS. The removal efficiency of emission facilities in the industrial plant area for odor showed 96.5% of wet scrubber, 89.5% of RTO and 86.0% of RCO. The concentration of odorous VOCs at the plant limits area in 2003 were higher than 2002. The reason was guessed that toluene of high concentration emitted from terminal emission facilities in the industrial plant area influenced on ambient air at the plant boundary area. The concentration of odorous VOCs in ambient air at Samil-dong were decreasing from 1995 to 2001, but the concentration of toluene sharply increased from 2002. The reason was presumed that VOCs emission increased due to expansion of Yeosu petrochemical industrial complex and removal efficiency of terminal emission facilities dropped due to outworn equipments for VOCs prevent.

현대 사회는 산업사회의 발달과 도시화 현상에 의해 인구분포의 불균형을 초래하였고 이러한 도시인구의 집중으로 도시 외곽에 속해있던 부도심 지역이 도시의 중심부로 편입되었고 매립지 인근 지역까지 도시화가 확장되었다. 그 결과 도시폐기물의 발생량은 급격히 증가하였고 이러한 도시 폐기물처리에 대한 관심과 대책이 필요하게 되었다. 매립지에서 발생되는 매립가스(LFG : Landfill Gas)는 악취 등 주변지역 대기환경 오염의 원인이 되고 안정화 및 사후관리에 지장을 주고 있다. 매립가스는 메탄가스와 이산화탄소, 악취유발가스, 기타 유해가스들로 구성되어 있으며, 이러한 매립가스의 적정처리방안이 강구되어야 한다. 최근 이러한 매립가스의 악취물질의 방출을 근본적으로 저감시킬 수 있는 포집 시스템이 매우 중요하게 거론되고 있으며 그 중 매립가스 자원화 시설은 매립가스 활용화 및 매립가스로 인한 악취문제를 해결하기 위한 수단으로 매립가스를 강제 수집 및 포집하여 연소시킴으로서 악취로 인한 대기오염 문제를 줄일 수 있는 시스템으로 활용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 매립지의 악취(가스)수집 및 포집을 위하여 수집/포집관로 규모 및 형태에 따른 추가설치기능방안에 대한 매립지 모형챔버 실험을 실시하고 이를 바탕으로 모형 및 현장에 대한 유체역학적 연구를 실시하고자 하였다. 또한 전산유체역학 해석을 통하여 적용 평가에 대한 정상적인 기류해석을 통해 기능성을 파악하고 이에대한 해석을 위해 시뮬레이션을 도입하였다. 연구결과 모형챔버를 통한 기존의 수직포집정에서의 매립가스 포집효율은 36.3%로 나타났고 기존의 수직포집정에 추가 포집정을 설치한 후 포집효율은 46.2%로 증가하였다. 모형챔버 실험에서 강제로 매립가스를 추출하지 않은점을 감안할 때 강제 수집 및 포집을 실시 할 경우 포집효율 약65%의 수준을 보일것으로 사료된다.

산업사회의 발달로 인한 도심으로의 인구증가는 주변 지역까지 도심으로 편중되게 하여 매립지 인근 지역까지 주거지역이 생겨나는 현상을 초래하였다. 매립지에서 발생하는 매립 가스는 악취를 동반한 대기환경에 악영향을 주고 있으며, 주거 지역에서 지속적으로 악취 민원이 발생하고 있다. 매립지에서 발생하는 매립가스(LFG:Landfill Gas)의 경우 안정화 및 사후관리에 대한 문제가 대두되면서, 적절한 매립가스 포집 시스템의 도출이 이슈화 되고 있다. 매립가스의 포집설비는 수동형과 능동형이 있으며, 수동형은 매립지내 LFG의 농도구배 및 압력구배에 의해 자연적으로 포집을 유도하는 시스템으로, 능동적 시스템과 같이 LFG를 포집하기 위한 추출정을 사용하며 그 구조는 능동적 시스템의 추출정과 유사하다. 능동형 포집시스템은 기계적인 송풍으로 압력을 높여 매립가스를 강제적으로 추출하는 방법으로 매립가스 재활용시설을 갖춘 매립장에 사용되는 방법으로, 포집관의 설계형태에 따라 수평포집방식(Horizontal Collection System), 수직포집방식(Vertical Collection System), 혼합형포집방식(Hybrid Collection System) 등으로 구분한다. 본 연구는 매립지 발생 악취 최적관리 방안을 모색하기로 하였으며, 적절한 포집시스템 선정하기 위해 자원화 사업시행여부와 포집방식 선정에 따른 매립심도 및 경제성, 시공성 등을 고려한 최적 시공방안을 도출해야 하며, 포집정의 배치기준은 미포집구간이 발생하지 않으면서 설치 개수를 최소화 할 수 있어야 하며, 사면부의 이격구간에서 발생하는 매립가스의 포집을 감안해야 한다. 대형 위생매립지의 경우에는 개별 포집정 제어가 가능하고 유지관리 면에서 뛰어난 수직가스 포집방식이 유리할 것으로 추측되며, 설치과정이 복잡하거나 매립작업의 지장이 있는 경우 이송관로가 개별배관으로 각 관로별 기능유지를 위한 적정 시공방안이 요구될 것으로 사료된다.

The results of particulate matters level and heavy metal concentration, which surveyed in Gwang-Yang, Dang-Jin steel industry area, are as follows; The PM2.5, PM10 of exposure area are 22.3μg/m3, 40.4μg/m3 each in Kum-Ho dong, and 28.1μg/m3, 51.5 each in Jung dong. The PM2.5, PM10 of control area are 16.4μg/m3, 29.5μg/m3 each in Bonggang-myeon. The level is higher in exposure area than control area. In case of Dang Jin, the concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 is higher in exposure area than control area (PM2.5-20.4μg/m3, PM10-39.2μg/m3). The Pb level of Dang Jin area is higher in exposure area(0.13μg/m3) than control area(0.1μg/m3), and both Gwang-Yang and Dang-Jin area lower level than the Guideline level of Korea EPA.