동치미액은 전통적으로 냉면국물로 이용되어왔다. 냉면국물의 미생물 오염문제를 해결하기 위하여 항균활성이 높은 김치 젖산균 Lactobacillus homohiochii B21과 Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides C16을 스타터로 혼합사용하여 동치미액을 제조하고, 이를 냉면국물에 100%, 50%, 10% 및 0% 첨가하여 20℃ 및 10℃에서 보관할 때에 동치미액의 항균력으로 인하여 의도적으로 첨가한 Listeria monocytogenes와 Escherichia coli O157:H7의 증식이 억제되는 정도를 조사하였다. 동치미액 100%인 냉면국물은 20℃에서 보관할 때에 Listeria monocytogenes는 8시간만에, Escherichia coli O157:H7는 40시간만이 10^6CFU/ml에서 10^0CFU/ml로 각각 급격히 사멸하였고, 10℃에서 보관할 때에도 시간경과에 따라 생균수가 급격히 감소하였으나 감소속도는 20℃에서 보관할 때보다 느렸다. 동치미액을 50% 첨가한 육수에서도 Listeria monocytogenes와 Escherichia coli O157:H7는 시간경과에 따라 급격히 감소하였으며, 감소속도는 동치미액 100%일 경우보다 느렸다. 동치미액을 10% 첨가한 육수는 20℃에서 보관할 때는 초기에 Listeria monocytogenes 및 Escherichia coli O157:H7의 균수증가가 약간 있었으나 동치미액 무첨가에 비하여 현저히 억제되었으며, 16시간 이후부터는 균수가 서서히 감소하였다. 동치미액을 첨가하지 않은 육수는 20℃에서 보관할 때는 초기부터 Listeria monocytogenes 및 Escherichia coli O157:H7의 균수증가가 급격히 이루어졌으며, 10℃에서 보관할 때는 24시간 이후부터 서서히 증가하였다. Listeria monocytogenes 및 Escherichia coli O157:H7에 대한 본 동치미액의 항균활성은 후자의 미생물보다 전자에 대하여 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구의 동치미액을 육수에 50% 첨가하여 냉면국물을 제조한다면 보관중의 미생물 오염문제 해결에 큰 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

Solid phase micro extraction(SPME)법의 최적조건 실험 및 SPME로 추출된 산초(Zanthoxylum schinifolium)의 휘발성 성분을 GC/MSD로 확인하였다. 휘발성 성분 추출에 자주 이용되는 동시증류추출(SDE)법으로 산초의 휘발성분을 분석하여 SP-ME 법에서 확인된 휘발성 성분과 조성비를 비교하였다. SPME 최적조건 시험에서 분자량이 적고 비점이 낮은 성분은 온도가 증가할수록 화이버에 흡착되는 양은 적게 나타났으며, 분자량이 크고 비점이 높은 성분은 추출시간이 증가할수록 흡착되는 양은 증가하였다. SPME 최적조건인 추출시간 30분과 50℃에서 분리된 휘발성 성분에서는 limonene(14.65%), geranyl acetate(11.07%), β-phellandrene(7.42%), 및 phellandral(3.08%) 등의 monoterpenoids 화합물과 caproic acid(11.99%), caprylic acid(8.01%), heptanoic acid(3.49%) 등의 지방산 화합물이 주요 성분으로 확인되었고, SDE법으로 추출된 휘발성 성분에서는 geranyl acetate(13.31%), limonene(12.81%) β-phellandrene(8.86%), trans-geraniol(5.22%) 및 caprylic acid(3.03%) 등의 화합물이 주요 성분으로 확인되었다. 지방산 성분들은 SPME법에서 높게 나타난 반면에 알코올 성분들은 SDE법보다 낮았다. SPME법은 적은 양의 시료로도 매우 신속하고 간단하게 전처리 할 수 있기 때문에 기존의 휘발성분 분석시 주로 사용한 SDE법에 비해 편리하며 경제적인 것으로 생각된다.

냉동 검은밀복어 10개체를 반 해동상태에서 근육, 껍질, 간장 및 내장으로 분리하여 독성검사와 총지질량을 구하였고 TLC로 조성을 조사하였다. Silicic column chromatography에 의하여 간유로부터 중성지질, 인지질 및 당지질을 분리하였으며 중성지질중의 DHA 및 EPA함량을 gas chromatography로 분석하였다. 검은밀복어의 총지질 함량은 간장 29.34∼36.54, 내장 4.95∼6.11, 껍질 1.12∼1.60 및 근육 0.23∼0.38%로 나타났고, TLC 분석 결과 다양한 지질성분으로 구성되었다. 그 중에서 triglyceride가 가장 많았다. 지질 함량이 가장 높은 간장 부위의 총지질의 지방산은 주로 palmitic acid(16:0), palmitoleic acid(16:1), stearic acid(18:0), oleic acid(18:1), EPA(20:6) 및 DHA(22:1)이었다. 포화지방산에 대한 고도 불포화 지방산의 비율(0.84)은 높았고, DHA와 EPA의 함량은 각각 15.99와 3.04%였다. 간유 중의 중성지질 95.46, 당지질 1.45 및 인지질 3.09%의 함량인데, 이 중 가장 함량이 높은 것으로 나타난 중성지질을 분리하여 분석한 결과 주요 지방산은 palmitic acid(16:0), stearic acid(18:0), oleic acid(18:1), EPA(20:5) 및 DHA(22:6)로 나타났다. 그 중의 DHA와 EPA함량 비율은 각각 16.62와 2.41%로 나타났다. 한편, 간장내의 지질 추출 전과 후에 대한 독성치는 모두 무독한 것으로 판명되었다.

Photochemotherapy(UVA with 8-methoxypsoralen) was given to 30 patients with systemic psoriasis. The results of clearing and long-term(6-month) interval maintenance were reported. Clearing requirements were in general similar to these reported by Melski and Burger. The skin of the 14 patients (46.6%) recovered good skin condition by a once weekly maintenance dose. This result was better than that reported by other authors. 1. During initial treatment period, average number of treatment was 27.3 and average duration treatment was 24.8 weeks. 2. The factors to quit treatment were motion decrease, moving to the remote area, complications, etc. 3. Number of patient who received maintenance treatment was 14. 4. The complications reported from the patients were hyperpigmentation, nausea, headache, pruritis, vomiting, gastritis.

Meteorological factors and air pollutants are associated with respiratory diseases, and appropriate use of weather and air quality information is helpful in the management of patients with such diseases. This study was performed to investigate both the utilization of weather and air quality information by, and the needs of, patients with respiratory diseases. Questionnaires were administered to 112 patients with respiratory diseases, 60.7% of whom were female. The rates of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among patients were 67.0% and 10.7%, respectively. The majority of subjects (90%) responded that prevention was important for respiratory disease management and indicated that they used weather and air quality information either every day or occasionally. However, respondents underestimated the importance of weather and air quality information for disease management and were unaware of some types of weather information. The subjects agreed that respiratory diseases were sensitive to weather and air quality. The most important weather-related factors were diurnal temperature range, minimum temperature, relative humidity, and wind, while those for air quality were particulate matter and Asian dust. Information was gleaned mainly from television programs in patients aged 60 years and older and from smartphone applications for those below 60 years of age. The subjects desired additional information on the management and prevention of respiratory diseases. This study identified problems regarding the utility of weather and air quality information currently available for patients with respiratory diseases, who indicated that they desired disease-related information, including information in the form of action plans, rather than simple health- and air quality-related information. This study highlights the necessity for notification services that can be used to easily obtain information, specifically regarding disease management.

본 연구에서는 홍국쌀에서 분리한 M. purpureus KCCM 60570을 찐 쌀에 1.0% (w/w) 접종 후 25℃에서 배양하면서 홍국쌀 제조 조건 확립 및 품질 특성을 확인하였다. 또한 기존의 두부 셰이크에 홍국쌀을 첨가한 두부 셰이크의 기호도 조사를 통해 적정한 혼합비율을 결정하고, 품질 특성을 확인하였다. M. purpureus KCCM 60570으로 제조한 홍국 쌀의 monacolin K와 곰팡이수를 확인한 결과 배양 8일차까지 급격히 증가하다가 이후 완만히 증가하여 홍국쌀의 적정 제조온도 및 시간은 25℃에서 8일로 나타났다. 기존의 두부 셰이크에 M. purpureus KCCM 6057으로 25℃에서 8일간 제조한 홍국쌀을 서로 다른 농도로 첨가한 두부 셰이크의 관능검사 결과 맛, 향, 조직감 및 전체적인 기호도에서 0.5% (w/w) 홍국쌀을 첨가한 두부 셰이크의 기호도가 가장 높은 것으로 나타나 두부 셰이크의 적정 홍국쌀 혼합 비율은 0.5% (w/w)인 것으로 나타났다. 홍국쌀을 0.5% (w/w) 첨가 한 두부 셰이크와 기존 시판 두부 셰이크의 품질 특성을 비교한 결과 홍국쌀 첨가 두부 셰이크의 환원당과 총당 함량, 붉은 색소인 monacolin K와 색도 a 값이 월등히 높은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 기존 두부 셰이크와 0.5% (w/w) 홍국쌀을 첨가한 두부 셰이크와의 관능검사를 비교한 결과 색과 조직감이 좋은 것으로 나타나 두부 셰이크 제조에 홍국쌀을 첨가할 경우 두부 셰이크의 품질을 개선할 수 있는 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

Purpose: This study was to create and practically apply psychological skills training program(PSTP) for rhythmic gymnasts. Methods: Four rhythmic gymnasts aged ten to fifteen who are members of Korea Gymnastics Association and Office of Education in ‘G’ city were selected as research participants in 2014. They participated in PSTP for six months. Program effectiveness was examined through the questionnaire of CSAI-2, psychological skills, and self-management, list of competition result, and psychological counseling. The selected program was applied to each rhythmic gymnasts through supplementation sequence after practical skill training that reflected personal psychological skills level and characteristics. Results: Based on the data collected, nine specific psychological skills methods consisted of goal setting, breathing and relaxation, positive imagery, self-management, cognitive restructuring, self-confidence, performance routine, psychological counselling, and integrated performance routine were applied to the research participations. As they participated in PSTP, the following positive psychological effects were found to the research participant. First, participants’ competitive state anxiety was reduced. Second, participants’ psychological skills was improved. Third, participants’ self-management was enhanced. Fourth, participants’ performance was improved. Conclusion: PSTP was evaluated as an effective training program that helps rhythmic gymnasts’ psychological steadiness. Based on the result of the study, it is expected that more rhythmic gymnasts are trained using PSTP to improve their mental strongness, so that they perform their best athletic skills and talents in their competition.

The purpose of this study is to draw implications and critical success factors by surveying and analysing practice cases of green care in south Korea. To achieve the object of this study, many valuable cases were checked through preceding researches and internet informations. Case study targets were divided into side-work farmer type, professional farmer type, and Institution directed type, and then case study surveys were performed by each type. Every case has the natural environment in common, and tries to satisfy users’s demands and to give the opportunity to communicate. Especially, the strong motivation, mind, and entrepreneurship of operators are very important factors for green care. If the development of government supporting policies and related education programs are accompanied with lots of potential such as Korean oriental medicine, rural tourism village, and sixth industry project, it will be possible to introduce and manage green care successfully.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the hollowization in rural villages which causes marginal villages appears in Korean rural villages and whether the hollowization has relation with decrease and aging of population or not. For achieving the research objective, survey was carried out focused on Geumsan-gun. As a result, it confirmed that rural out-migration and rural decline especially in 'people', 'land(economic situation)' and 'community' have being progressed. Also variance analysis and regression analysis were executed with using the number of population and the ratio of people over 65 as dependent variables and using each survey contents(variables) as independent variables. The results of analysis showed that the ratio of people over 65(+), the income level per household(-), the rate of fallow lands(+), the number of empty houses(+), programs for urban-rural interchange(+), and the implementing public projects(+), etc. have a relation with the number of population(-) and the number of population(-), the income level per household(-), the rate of fallow lands(+), the number of empty houses(+), activities of communities(+), and the implementing public projects(+), etc. have a relation with the ratio of people over 65(+) (+: increase, -: decrease). So the hollowization in people', 'land(economic situation)' and 'community' has direct relation with decrease and aging of population in rural areas.

This study classifies the types of spatio-functional differentiation in Korean island areas and analyses typical characters and suggests the development directions by each type. Eup/Myeon-level island areas are classified as six types by the factor analysis and the cluster analysis. First type is the traditional rural center. This type puts emphasis on maintaining phase as the central space and has to maximize development potential of the whole of settlement zone. Second type is the specialized region in manufacturing industry and the qualitative mutual growth of regional industries is able to be suggested. Third type is the specialized region in the neighborhood service provision. This type needs to devise the plan for utilizing potential customers actively and developing into the region specialized in tourism industry. Fourth type is the specialized region in tourism-support service functions. This type has to promote differentiated policies for maintaining amenity infra or value of countryside capital and preservation and utilization of resources by regional features. Fifth type is the fishing industry-dominated region. This type has to promote sustainable fishery development through the policy reflecting regional features and condition. Finally, sixth type is the sluggish region dominated with the traditional agriculture and fishery. This type is needed to aim at developing into the new food production base having the advantage of clean environment by strengthening support in specialized agro-fishery products. The existing researches on spatio-functional differentiation were mostly discussed with respect to land development, but this study highlights the difference in deal with the island areas distinguished from the condition of industry.

With the basic research logic stating that the systematic improvement of rural housing plot's boundary barriers should call for the integrated consideration of their on-and-around installing settings, this study tries to analyse characteristics of installing environment of boundary barriers for improvement works of them. Through literature review and then screening process, 3 influencing and appraisal factors were determined: main house-boundary barrier shortest distance as on-site factor, building coverage as inside one, and attached road width as outside one. 21 study villages were subgrouped into structurally improved(9) and not(12). Site investigation and analysis results showed that the relationship between factors has varied very much, i.e. in some cases it is positive or complementary, but in other cases, negative or crossed. Therefore this study would propose that differentiated and flexible strategies with integrated consideration of on-and-around site installing settings be applied in their improvement projects rather than village-wide unified or straight forwarded ones.

This study aimed at setting up the grading indicator standards on development stages for phasing the continuous development process. To achieve the objective of this study, after referring to the proposed cases derived from the reference analysis, the development stages were classified. Also grading criteria of indicators according to development stages were established through the statistical analysis and expert group checking. Development stages of rural village were stepped into 4-stages through the reviews and analysis of reference literature ; preparation-entry-development-advanced stage. Reasonable achievement level of each development stage was established by considering the necessary development period and benchmarking reference target together. On the basis of these clear stepwise development phases, the grading criteria were proposed for determination of the incumbent development stages.

This study aimed at setting up the evaluation indicators system by rural village types to identify systematically the multi-valuedness embedded in rural villages. AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) was used for evaluating the relative importance weight evaluation of each indicator and quantitative analysis of rural village through computer works. The importance weight of evaluation indicators was converted into the score on the basis of maximum 1,000 point to increase the practicality. As a result, characteristics of 5 rural village types(Basic life-supporting, Agricultural promotion, Marketing/processing oriented, Urban-rural communication, Life-style choice types) differed in score of classified indicators. Also, These results are expected to be possible to quantitatively evaluate characteristics by rural village types.

This study classifies the types of visitors to experiential fishing villages and analyses the features and target marketing strategies by categorical groups. Seven factors are extracted by Factor Analysis and the results of Cluster Analysis indicate the classification of five groups. The first group puts emphasis on the family connection, so family centered facilities and programs are necessary. The second group is composed of surrounding area residents whose purpose of visit is unclear. So environmentally friendly village development programs to encourage local patriotism are necessary. The third group puts emphasis on the necessary facilities and programs for experiencing the fishing village and traditional play, etc. The fourth group emphasizes programs related with the region and the means to satisfy visitor's aesthetic desires. Finally, the fifth group aims at various desires that are generally felt in experiential fishing villages. So this group requires marketing strategies from the public point of view. The existing research mostly surveys rural tourism villages, but this study highlights the difference in dealing with fishing villages as opposed to rural villages, from the perspective of industry and settlement.

The value and functionality of boundary barriers in rural villages have been neglected in the aspects as the buffer zone(boundary barrier) that links between the inside space(housing site) and the outside space(road). On this understanding, this study evaluated conservation value, economical efficiency and durability by the types and materials of the boundary barriers in rural village through Multi-attribute Decision Making. By applying to the current situations of boundary barriers on total 21 case study villages, each factor value was measured. And using Matrix Analysis Technique, the boundary barriers are classified into 4 types and the improvement ways for each type were proposed. As a result, the durability of boundary barriers in rural villages showed similarity value(more than 0.85 out of 1). But economical efficiency of those was low(less than 0.5 out of 1) and those functionalities were very lacking(about 0.3 out of 1). In the conclusion, the maintenance of boundary barriers in rural villages requires the policy that is able to complement conservation value and economical efficiency and is proper to the characteristic of each village. These renewable policies would contribute to the increase of the value of rural amenity as well as creation of economical and social value.

This study aims at providing the basic information required for policies on return to countryside for farming or else, through analysing the actual state of settlement and the community of people returning to rural areas. The comparative analysis of people returning toward general village and sub-urban residential complex in rural has been done to figure out the settlement environment. And the status analysis targeting the people returning to rural areas and original residents who live in general village have been done to figure out the actual state of the community. As a result, people returning toward sub-urban residential complex in rural moved for something else, while people returning toward general village in rural moved with the purpose of farming. Like this, the aims of moving into rural areas show difference. There is little conflict between people returning to rural areas and original residents, but some people have an intention to move the other place due to the conflict with original residents. So the community revitalization is needed for the active responses and suitable adaptation of them. On the basis of this study, policy tasks for return to countryside for farming or else were suggested as follows; 1) It is necessary to formulate each policy on return for farming and something else to rural areas discriminatively. 2) The economic support for a stable settlement of people returning to rural areas and the programs activating community with original residents are required. The discussion about the new community formation is needed to respond to the increase of people returning to rural areas.

The island areas have disadvantageous conditions compared to inland areas due to the characteristics which are separated, surrounded by seas, isolated. However, as the problems with separation that ultimately caused regional underdevelopment in island areas have been eased by the artificial works linking an island to land and the societal perspective on littoral districts has changed from productive view to consumptive view, the population trend in the island areas has been differentiated according to the regional conditions. But it is the reality that the population trend in the island areas has almost never been analyzed. In this regard, this study tried to analyze the overall demographic transition in eup/myon-level island areas and provide the basic data to establish flexibly and accurately regional development policies for island areas in rural As a result, as the regional conditions of island areas become more various, the potential and conditions of development have been differentiated and these trends will be more intensified. In response, the regional development policies for island areas in rural have to be reorganized actively.

By the continued island-mainland bridging works, increased consumer demand for seashore regions and fundamental improvement of accessibility to metropolitan areas, rural service industries in the island areas has been rapidly developed in the past decades, and also, their functions differentiated geographically. In most island areas, catering and accommodation sectors have been expanded, while traditional trading sector decreasing. And the dominant power of public sectors has been increased but private ones decreased. So, the overall development trends of service industries in island areas would be considered as unhealthy for rural economic sustainability. As a tentative solution, it may be proposed that through the functional specialization/differentiation and efficient linking/networking of rural service industries with multifunctionality of countryside capitals, their spatial cohesion would be strengthened.

This study aims to present the policy issues and direction of sub-urban residential complex by analyzing the settlement environment and life satisfaction. For the purpose, 10 sub-urban residential complexes in Chungnam Province were surveyed for general situation, physical environment, social environment, economic environment. The results are as follows; 1) The satisfaction in the physical environment is more higher in case of the complex created by the public organization. 2) The physical environment is an important factor in the determinant of the settlement, while the economic environment have a relatively lower impact. 3) The residents community is the more active, the satisfaction in the social environment is the more improved. 4) The source of income or the activity of consumption doesn't have an effect on the satisfaction in the economic environment. On the basis of this study, three programs for improvement of sub-urban residential complex policy were suggested. First, the various information and counseling service should be provided to attract city dwellers. Second, the policy on the development of sub-urban residential complex has to consider residential preference factors and improve the quality of life. Third, to increase the life satisfaction, the residents community should be activated and especially the activation of community with residents in other village is very important.

Recently, the food industry has evolved into a new and innovative trend according to its globalization and change of food consumption patterns. However, it is hard for the traditional food industry in Korea to meet the changing consumers' needs because of its poorer quality control and lower industrialization technology than other advanced industries. Also the knowledges acquired through a lot of time and efforts would be lost after the human resources with tacit knowledges leave by their too much aging. Especially, the 21st century would be called as knowledge based society which means that knowledge be the important contributing factor in the economic growth. In this regard, this study aimed at proposing the knowledge based system for systematically managing or preserving knowledges of Mosisongpyun industry in Yeonggwang County to seek for the sustainable development of the traditional food industry in Korea. The knowledge based system of Mosisongpyun industry in Yeonggwang County is finally proposed as follows; First, hardware is composed with the necessary unit facilities such as interpretive center, learning and experience room, library, etc. And the integrating facilities such as Mosisongpyun theme park, traditional village, and knowledge industrialization support center are proposed. Second, software is composed with the necessary unit softwares such as the preservation manual of traditional knowledge and skill, web-site administrator, development of graded textbooks, development database software, etc. And the integrating softwares such as development of innovation and management ability in Mosisongpyun industry are proposed. Third, humanware is composed with the necessary unit programs such as exhibition, own training program, incubator support system, etc. And the integrating programs such as the farm association corporation, the testing and research institute, the institution of learning and training are proposed.