The present study was conducted for the purpose of analyzing the growth response of Dracaena braunii treated with chloride ions and to evaluate its salt tolerance. Distilled water (CON) was spiked with 1 (C1), 2 (C2), 5 (C5), 10 (C10) and 15 g/L (C15) CaCl2, respectively. Acidity (pH) and electrical conductivity of hydroponic solution, and leaf width, leaf length, root length, number of leaves, fresh weight, dry weight and the water content of Dracaena braunii were measured. Acidity and electrical conductivity remarkably increased commensurate with increasing concentrations of CaCl2. Growth in the C1 treatment was better than that in CON, whereas the C10 or C15 treatments caused either slow growth or withering of the plants. Fresh weight, dry weight and water content were significantly decreased in response to CaCl2 concentration, compared with those in the control. These results showed that CaCl2 concentration less than 1 g/L may be used as a hydroponic solution for D. braunii, as long as the water quality is not too saline. The chlorine ion has a negative effect on the growth.

De-icing salts applied to roads during winter enable safe driving conditions. However, these salts are eventually displaced to roadside areas at which they can negatively impact soil, vegetation, and water resources. This purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between foliar damage ratio (NY = 0-25%, SY = 26-50%, CY = 51-75%) on roadside trees (Ginko biloba) and seasonal impact of de-icing salts on soil and vegetation. Thirty roadside trees were selected at 8 m intervals between the Konkuk and Judeok intersections in Chung-ju city. The results reveal that seasonal soil acidity is relatively alkaline for foliar damage ratio of Ginko biloba was CY compared to NY. Also, electronic conductivity of each seasonal sampling was recorded as high in winter and spring, whereas the opposite trend is observed in summer. Various plants species were identified in abundance under roadside trees within NY roadside sections. These same species were observed in reduced numbers within CY sections. Strong negative correlations were identified between foliar damage ratio on roadside trees and vegetation. This relationship may be a method to use in predicting the accumulation of de-icing salt and visible injuries on roadside trees.

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of hydrophilic polymer (HP) mixture ratio (Control, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) on growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena) for lower maintenance urban agriculture via green roofs. Although it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), substrate temperature was decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio were increased. High substrate water content (95%) was found consistently in growing media under elevated hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio at over 5% during the entire growing period. Substrate electronic conductivity was increased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio were increased. Growth index was decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio was increased. It was reduced about 1/3 and 1/5 compared to that of Control in HP5.0 and HP10.0 treatment plants, respectively. Number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width were decreased in following order: Control> HP1.0> HP2.5> HP5.0> HP10.0 treatments. There numbers were significantly lower in HP5.0 and HP10.0 treatment plants. Dry weight of shoot and root were decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio was increased. They were reduced by 1/4 compared to those of Control treatment plants. In addition, visual value was decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio was increased. Plants grown in HP1.0, HP2.5, and HP5.0 treatments all survived. However, plants grown in the HP10.0 treatment had the lowest survival rate (56%) after 3 months of growing. These results indicate that the advantage of adding hydrophilic polymer to green roof growing media may greater during dry periods. However, the proper mixture proportion of hydrophilic polymer should be determined according to different characteristics of growing media and plant species.

The aim of this study was to examine the morphological responses of Hosta longipes, an ornamental plants for heavy metal contaminated soils in urban landscaping, to heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Zn. Plants were grown in artificial soil amended with Cd, Pb, and Zn at concentation of 0, 100, 250, and 500 mg/kg. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, total leaf number, deaf leaf number, new leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental value were monitored from May to August. At 4 months after planting, the survival and morphological responses of H. longipes grown in soil amended with Cd at concentrations ≥ 100 mg/kg were severely affected compared to those grown in the control soil. Relative leaf length rate and relative leaf width rate were significantly decreased when the concentration of Pb was increased. Total leaf number, chlorophyll contents, and ornamental value were the lowest value in plants grown in soil amended with Pb at level of 500 mg/kg. Relative leaf length rate and relative leaf width rate, total leaf number, dead leaf number, new leaf number, and ornamental values had a tendency of decrease when plants were grown in soils amended with Zn. However, no significant difference was found among treatments except for plants were grown in soils amended with 500 mg/kg Zn. Therefore, Hosta longipes might be useful for phytoremediation of Zn contaminated sites as herbaceous ornamental plants.

This study was aimed to determine effects of soil organic amendment as plant growing media component on restoration of planting ground. The changes of soil physical and chemical properties and germination and growth of kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) were investigated. For treatments, soil was excavated at depth of 0-50 cm (referred as S1) and at depth of 50-100 cm (referred as S2). Then the half amount of S1 soil was mixed with the soil organic amendment (coir dust 40% (v/v), bottom ash 25%, leaf mold 25%, vermiculite 5%, carbonized rice hull 5%) at a rate of 6% (v/v) (referred as S1CC) and also the half amount of S2 soil was mixed with the soil organic amendment at a rate of 6% (v/v) (referred as S2CC) on pot in a 16 cm diameter and 14 cm height. The experiment was replicated 3 times with 3 pots per replication in randomized block design, and 100 seeds were planted per pot. In results, there was no significant difference in soil pH among the treatments with a slight decrease in soil hydraulic conductivity. However, in the S1CC treatment, positive increases in soil chemical properties, including electrical conductivity, organic matter, phosphoric acid, total nitrogen, exchangeable cation, and cation exchange capacity. Also, the germination rate, plant height, and number of leaves were higher in the S1CC treatment than those in other treatments. These results suggest that the addition of organic amendment to the soil at depth of 0-50 cm might be proper for restoring planting ground.

The objectives of this study were to assess plant growth of the flowering shrub species for adapting to growing on hanging baskets in the vertical greenery system with different cover materials and substrates for low maintenance effectively utilizing rainfall. Water amount taken up by the fabric cover was higher than that by the plastic film cover. Evaporated water amount from the fabric cover was much slower than that from the plastic cover. A higher ratio of hydrophilic polymer to the substrate resulted in higher substrate water content within the same cover material. The relative growth rates of plant height, leaf width and stem diameter were higher when the Cotoneaster horizontal was grown in the vertical greenery system with the fabric cover, whereas the leaf number and survival rate were higher with the plastic film cover. The relative growth rates of plant height, leaf width and leaf number and the survival rate was higher when the Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald n Gold’ was grown in the vertical greenery system with plastic film cover than those with both fabric cover and hydrophilic polymer treatment. In contrast, the stem diameter of Euonymus fortunei ‘Emerald n Gold’ was higher in the plants grown in the vertical greenery system with the fabric cover at a 1.0% ratio of hydrophilic polymer to substrate than that with plastic film cover. The highest stem diameter of Spiraea × bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ was observed in the plant grown in the vertical greenery system with fabric cover and at a 1.0% ratio of hydrophilic polymer to substrate, while there was no significant difference in the plant height. The leaf number was decreased with increase in the ratio of hydrophilic polymer to substrate, while the leaf width was decreased. The survival rate of Spiraea × bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ was higher than 80% regardless of treatments. In particular, the highest survival rate was observed in the plastic film cover treatment after overwintering.

본 연구는 옥상녹화에서 무기질계 인공토와 유기질계 인공토가 초본인 돌나물과 목본인 순비기나무의 생육에 미치는 영향을 살펴 봄으로써 유기질계 인공토의 효용성을 제시하고자 한다. 연구기간 은 2013년 5월에서 10월로 약 5개월이며, 식물종은 초본류에 돌나 물을, 목본류에 순비기나무를 대상으로 무기질계 인공토(Inorganic substrate=perlite, IOS), 자연토(natural soil, NS), 유기질계 인공 토Ⅰ(organic substrate=artificial compost Ⅰ, OS1), 유기질계 인공토 Ⅱ(organic substrate=artificial compost Ⅱ, OS2)로 구 성하였다. 돌나물의 초장, 줄기수, 엽수, 상대엽록소함량비는 유기 질계 인공토 Ⅰ처리구(OS1)> 자연토 처리구(NS)> 무기질계 인 공토(IOS) 순으로 높았으며, 통계적인 차이가 뚜렷하였다. 생체중 과 건물중 또한 OS1, NS, IOS 처리구 순으로 생육결과와 비교적 유사한 경향을 보였다. 순비기나무는 수고, 경경, 엽장, 엽폭은 유기 질계 인공토 Ⅱ(OS2)> 자연토 처리구(NS)> 무기질계 인공토 (IOS) 순으로 유의적으로 높았으며, 특히 유기질계 인공토 Ⅱ 처리 구에서 단기간의 실험임에도 불구하고 그 차이가 뚜렷했다. 이에 옥상녹화의 식재지반에서 무기질계 인공토의 단용처리는 식물생 육에 부정적인 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 식물생육을 위한 적정비율 의 유기질계 인공토의 활용이 요구된다.

For evaluating the effect of various artificial planting soil properties on the Euonymus fortunei ‘Emelad’n Gold’ growth, a container green wall system experiment was conducted in a wall of greenhouse at Konkuk University, Glocal campus. The experimental artificial planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios (Control, A4O1, A2O1 and A1O1) and with drought tolerance and an ornamental value Euonymus fortunei ‘Emelad’n Gold’ was planted. The soil and plant characteristics were investigated from April to Jun 2010. The volumetric soil moisture contents were significantly increasing order as the amount of organic soil conditioner level increased in order to A1O1> A2O1> A4O1> Control. At 4 treatment, soil chemical properties were inversely related to organic soil container ratios increase. The differences of root collar caliper, number of branch, and survival rate between the organic soil conditioner ratio were not significantly affected by organic soil conditioner. But, plant height, internode length, leaf length and leaf width were significantly shorter on plants planted A1O1 than plants planted other treatments. Therefore, Euonymus fortunei ‘Emelad’n Gold’ had good growth response regardless of organic soil conditioner ratio and the plant is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for the green wall system if it should be considered in integration with stormwater retention or as a soil conditioner for increasing soil water contents in artificial planting soil.

This study investigated the effects of soil depths and soil organic fertilizer application on the growth characteristics of Spiraea bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ in a extensive green roof system. The treatments were 3 soil depths (10, 15 and 25 cm) and 5 soil types in mixture of artificial soil and organic fertilizer. We measured plant height, leaf width, leaf length, number of flowers, visual quality and survival rate from March to October in 2011. The growing medium of 10 cm soil depth showed the highest plant growth in A1 (amended soil 100%), and the lowest plant growth in O1A4 (organic fertilizer 20% + amended soil 80%) treatment. In case of 15 cm soil depth, Spiraea bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ showed a high leaf length and visual quality in O1A2(organic fertilizer 33% + amended soil 67%) treatment and high leaf width and number of flowers in O1 (organic fertilizer 100%) treatment. A1 treatment without organic fertilizer showed the lowest leaf length and poorest visual quality, and O1A4 treatment showed the lowest plant height and lowest number of flowers. At soil depth 25 cm, O1A1 (organic fertilizer 50% + amended soil 50%) treatment showed greater plant height, visual quality and number of flowers than other treatments. The leaf length and leaf width were more effective in O1 treatment. A1 treatment showed a relatively low leaf length, leaf width and visual quality. The higher the organic conditioner, the better the plant growth. And, survival rates of Spiraea bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ showed 92%, 88% and 76% at soil depths of 25 cm, 15 cm and 10 cm, respectively, in this a extensive green roof system. Therefore, the results showed that the growth of Spiraea bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ was affected by both soil quality and soil depth. Different optimal mixtures of organic fertilizer and amended soil were determined, depending upon soil depth.

This study attempted to utilize various groundcover plants in phytoremediation, using shade plants, which often have a high shade tolerance for shade urban space. Liriope platyphylla was grown in soil containing three of heavy metals, Zn, Cd, and Pb under four different concentrations (0, 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg) to determine the heavy metal accumulation characteristics and removing from soil. Total amounts of accumulated Zn in L. platyphylla were increased in accordance with increasing elevated Zn concentrations in soil, but the difference was not significant between Zn250 and Zn500. Cd accumulation, sharply increased in Cd100 and Cd250, but was reduced in Cd500. Increased Pb concentration in soil resulted a continuous increase in the total amounts of Pb accumulated in L. platyphylla. The total content of Zn in soil decreased by almost 50% in Zn100, almost 33% in Zn250 and 20% in Zn500 through growth of L. platyphylla over a period of 7 months. In the case of Cd, the concentration in soil, was decreased with 10% in Cd100, 10% in Cd250 and 33% in Cd500 through growth of L. platyphylla over a period of 7 months. This results indicate that more Cd was removed by planting L. platyphylla, compared to Zn or Pb.

본 연구는 관상용 수경재배에서 수질의 악화를 막고, 식물생육을 촉진할 수 있는 활성탄에 대한 적정량과 효용성을 알아보기 위해 실내식물인 스킨답서스(Epipremnum aureum)를 재료로 배지특성와 생육반응을 살펴보았다. 물과 활성탄의 비율은 물 100%(Control), 물 80% + 활성탄 20%(W4C1), 물 60% + 활성탄 40%(W3C2), 물 40% + 활성탄 60%(W2C3)로 총 4가지 처리한 후 약 6개월간 실험을 수행하였다. 배지측정항목은 수위변동, 산도, 전기전도도 등이며, 생육측정항목은 초장, 근장, 엽수, 낙엽수, 지상부와 지하부 생체중, 지상부와 지하부의 건조중 등이다. 수위변동은 Control> W4C1> W3C2> W2C3순으로 변동폭이 증가해, Control과 W2C3처리구간의 차이가 확연하게 나타났다. 산도는 대조구가 3.75로 가장 낮았으며, W4C1처리구 6.06, W3C2처리구 6.79, W2C3처리구 8.17 순이었다. 전기전도도는 W4C1> Control> W3C2> W2C3순으로 각각 35.25, 166.96, 215.68, 661.03(dS·m-1)로 W4C1처리를 제외하고, 활성탄의 비율이 높을수록 증가되었다. 초장은 W3C2처리에서 25.74cm 로 수치적으로 가장 길었고, W4C1 24.98cm , Control 22.10cm, W2C3 21.53cm 순으로 짧았다. 반면, 근장은 Control, W4C1, W3C2, W2C3처리에서 각각 37.82, 28.89, 26.21, 18.77cm 순으로 활성탄의 배지비율이 높아질수록 뚜렷하게 짧아졌다. 지상부와 지하부 생체중은 활성탄 40% 비율인 W3C2처리구에서 가장 무거웠으며, 지상부와 지하부 건조중은 20%비율인 W4C1처리에서 가장 무거웠다. 광합성율은 활성탄 처리비율에 따른 통계적 유의차는 없었다. 엽수는 활성탄 배지비율이 20%인 W4C1처리에서 가장 높았고, 대조구에서 가장 낮은 반면, 낙엽수는 대조구를 제외하고 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서, 전반적으로 수경배지에 활성탄의 비율이 높아질수록 대조구에 비해 지상부보다는 지하부의 생육에 더 영향을 주는 것이 분명하나, 활성탄의 비율이 60% 이상일 경우 오히려, 전반적인 생육이 저조한 현상을 보여, 관상용 수경재배에 있어서 수질정화와 스킨답서스의 생육을 위해서는 20%이내의 활성탄을 첨가하는 것이 바람직하다고 본다.

In order to evaluate the effect of various organic soil conditioner ratios on the soil moisture content and growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis, a container type for wall-planting experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Konkuk University under non-irrigation. The experimental planting grounds were prepared with different organic soil conditioner ratios (A1L0, A8L1, A4L1 A2L1 and A1L1), and a drought-tolerant ornamental variety of Cotoneaster horizontalis was planted. The change in soil moisture content, plant height, number of branches, number of dead leaves, number of leaves, number of shoots, length of node, length of leaf, width of leaf, root-collar caliper, chlorophyll content, and survival rate were investigated, from April to Jun 2010. The results of soil moisture content measurements were analyzed with weight units in the container type for wall-planting during the dry summer season. The soil moisture contents were significantly enhanced in the container type for wall-planting in increasing order as the amount of soil conditioner level was increased (A1L1> A2L1> A4L1> A8L1> A1L0). Compared to the control treatment application (amended soil with 100% + organic soil conditioner 0%), the highest plant growth was observed in the treatment of A1L1 application (amended soil with 50% + organic soil conditioner 50%). However, the differences between the organic soil conditioner ratio treatments of A1L1, A4L1, and A8L1 organic soil conditioner application were mostly not significant. The survival rate increased with the increasing application of organic soil conditioner, but in the control treatment application all the plants died. The experimental results from clearly demonstrated that the organic soil conditioner improved the survival rate more than the growth of Cotoneaster horizontalis. Therefore, Cotoneaster horizontalis is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for green wall systems, when considered for us in integration system or for increasing soil water contents in planting grounds.

Hydrophilic polymer is suitable as soil conditioners for green roofs that use rainwater, due to promotion of water retention capacity as well as enhancement of the water absorbing capacity. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of different levels of hydrophilic polymer concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8% w/w) on the water holding capacity and growth response of 6 species in soils amended with hydrophilic polymer in 5 cm of soil thickness on green roofs. The results showed that the water holding capacity of the amended soil improved with increasing amount of applied polymer. The application of 0.8% w/w of the polymer increased the soil moisture by 87% compared to the control, and decreased slowly in green roofs during an arid period. The growth of Sedum spurium 'Dragon's blood' and Lampranthus spectabilis increased significantly and had greater than 60% relative coverage with higher hydrophilic polymer concentrations. However, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii and Euonymus fortunei var. radicans had no significant differences upon change of hydrophilic polymer concentrations. In Carex kujuzana and Carex morrowii 'Aurea variegata', growth decreased with increase of hydrophilic polymer concentrations. 30 days after planting, Juniperus chinensis var. sargentii, Euonymus fortunei var. radicans, Carex kujuzana, and Carex morrowii 'Aurea variegata' died back due to lowest soil thickness (5 cm), but Sedum spurium 'Dragon's blood' and Lampranthus spectabilis had greater than 90% survival.

The effects were investigated of different lengths and numbers of slitwalls in drainless containers on growth and change in soil moisture volumes on the growth of Diffenbachia amoena 'Marianne' and Begonia rex. Drainless containers filled with amended soil, with square shape (240 mm×240 mm) were used, as well as three different sets of slitwalls (2, 4 or 8, respectively) in addition to non-slitwall containers. Two indoor foliage plants were grown in slitwall containers in randomized blocks with 3 replications in greenhouse conditions, from March to September, 2009. Soil moisture volumes per container were measured by weighing containers every 2 hours during the day. The change in soil moisture volumes showed considerable differences among slitwalls tested in comparison to control containers before and after twice-weekly irrigation. Particularly, the differences in the S2 (195mm, slitwall 2) containers were significantly greater than other containers tested. For Diffenbachia amoena 'Marianne', plant height, length of leaf, dry weight and fresh weight were higher with S2 containers than with those grown in other containers tested. The Begonia rex with the best quality in terms of plant height, length of leaf and width of leaf was grown in S8 (360mm, slitwall 8) containers. Particularly, statistical analysis has indicated that shoot fresh weights of Begonia rex grown in S8 were 3-fold higher than those grown in CS8 containers. The different results obtained within the two species led us to hypothesize a species-specific influence on indoor foliage plant performance. However, plants of both species grown in slitwall containers showed good results compared with plants grown in non-slitwall containers.

The purpose of this study was to identify the irrigation intervals and the amount of suitable growing substrate needed to achieve the desired shallow-extensive green roof system during a dry summer in Korea. In terms of treatment, three types (SL, P6P2L2, P4P4L2) with varying soil mixture ratios and two types (15 cm, 25 cm) with varying soil depths were created. The results have been analyzed after measuring growth and soil water contents. The difference of growth by treatment was significant in terms of green coverage, height, leaf width and photosynthesis. In measurement of chlorophyll content, no difference was detected when measured against soil depth. According to the growth measurement of Zoysia japonica with respect to differing soil mixture ratios in the 15 cm-deep treatment, a statistical difference was detected at the 0.05 significance level in photosynthesis. In case of green coverage, height, chlorophyll content and leaf width, no statistical significance was observed. In case of the 25 cm-deep treatment, a statistical significance was observed in height and photosynthesis. In terms of green coverage, chlorophyll content and leaf width, no statistical significance was detected. In comparisons of soil moisture tension and soil water contents, the irrigation interval and amount were 8 days and 14.9 L in the SL (15 cm) treatment, respectively. The irrigation interval showed for 10 days a 1.3-fold increase, and the irrigation amount was 27.4 L 1.8-fold more than SL (25 cm), respectively. For P6P2L2 (15 cm) treatment, the irrigation interval and amount were 12 days and 20.7 L, respectively. However, an irrigation interval under P6P2L2 (25 cm) was for 15 days 1.3 times longer than P6P2L2 (15 cm), and an irrigation amount of 40 L was 1.9 times more than that under P6P2L2 (15 cm). In P4P4L2 (15 cm) treatment, it was indicated that the irrigation interval was 15 days, and the irrigation amount was 19.2 L. It was not needed to irrigate for 16 days under P4P4L2 (25 cm) treatment during the dry summer and the longest no-rain periods. The irrigation interval and amount under P4P4L2 were 1.8-fold and 1.3-fold, respectively, more than SL treatment as affected by soil mixture ratio. Comparatively P4P4L2 had more 1.3-fold and 0.9-fold in irrigation interval and amount more than P6P2L2. Therefore, it can be noted that different soil depth and soil mixture ratios had a significant effect on the irrigation interval and amount.

For evaluating the effect of various organic fertilizer ratios on the Spiraea×bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ growth, a container green wall system experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at Konkuk university. The experimental planting grounds were prepared with different organic fertilizer ratios (A1L0, A8L1, A4L1 A2L1 and A1L1) and with drought tolerance and an ornamental value Spiraea×bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ was planted. The change in soil moisture contents, plant height, number of branches, number of dead leafs, number of leaf, number of shoots, length of node, length of leaf, width of leaf, root-collar caliper, chlorophyll contents and survival rate were investigated from April to Jun 2010. 1. The result of soil moisture contents was analyzed with weight unit in the container green wall system during the dry summer season. The soil moisture contents were significantly enhanced in the container green wall system in increasing order as the amount of fertilizer level increased A1L1> A2L1> A4L1> A8L1> A1L0 . 2. Compared to the control treatment (amended soil with 100% + organic fertilizer 0%) application, the highest plant growth was observed in the treatment of A2L1(amended soil with 67% + organic fertilizer 13%) application. However, the differences between the organic fertilizer ratio treatments of A1L1, A4L1, A8L1, and the A1L0 organic fertilizer application were mostly not significant. 3. The survival rate increased with the increasing application of organic fertilizer, but in the control treatment (amended soil with 100% + organic fertilizer 0%) application all the plants died. Experimental results from the presented study clearly demonstrated that the organic fertilizer improved the survival rate more than the Spiraea×bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ growth at different levels of organic fertilizers. This strain can be utilized as a plant growth application in living wall systems during the dry summer season. Therefore, Spiraea×bumalda ‘Gold Mound’ is expected to be a highly valuable shrub for the green wall system if it should be considered in integration with stormwater retention or as a soil conditioner for increasing soil water contents in planting ground.

In recently, building greening to improve the urban environment is a very important areas. Thus, in order to promote the building greening is needed for the arrangement of its related system. In this study, analyzed the related system in Japan and the results obtained are as follows. Related system in Japan are to promote the spread of compulsory and dissemination of guidance. And to promote the spread of dissemination of guidance are to allowed a system to be included in green area of the site required, plans to loan the costs of greening, plans to subsidize the cost of greening, tax reduction and exemption, incentive on floor area ratio, plant supply and other technical guidance system. In conclusion, in order to promote the building greening note the related system of Japan and our related system should be arranged.

본 연구는 무관수 옥상녹화시스템 식재기반 차이에 따른 돌나물의 생육 변화를 살펴보고, 적합한 토심과 토양배합비를 제시함으로써 무관수 옥상녹화 식물소재로 활용성을 높이고자 수행하였다. 토심(15㎝, 25cm)과 토양배합비(SL, P7P1L2, P6P2L2, P5P3L2, P4P4L2)를 각각 다르게 실험구를 조성하였으며, 내건성이 뛰어난 돌나물을 식재한 후 초장, 녹피율, 엽록소 함량, 생체중과 건조중 등 생육변화를 측정하였다. 토심 15㎝처리구에서 토양배합비에 따른 돌나물의 초장은 인공배합토가 자연토보다 높았으며, 인공배합토 중 P5P3L2에서 초장이 가장 길었다. 토심 25㎝처리구도 같은 경향을 나타내었다. 녹피율과 엽록소함량은 경우 자연토보다 인공배합토에서 대체로 높았으나, 토심에 따른 차이는 뚜렷하지 않았다. 생체중과 건물중은 토심 25cm가 토심 15cm보다 높았으며, 인공배합토가 자연토에 비해 높았다. 이상의 결과에서 무관수 옥상녹화시스템에 돌나물을 적용함에 있어, 토양배합비는 피트모스함량을 높인 인공배합토가 자연토보다는 바람하고 토심은 15cm가 토심 25cm보다 초장, 녹피율, 엽록소 함량 등 외형적인 생육상태가 양호하였다. 하지만, 토심 25cm에서는 생체중 및 건조중 등과 같이 현존량(Biomass)을 향상시킬 수 있어 조성목적에 따라 구분적용하는 것이 바람직하다. 이는 무관수 옥상녹화시스템에서 단기적인 녹피율을 높이고자 할 때 토심 15cm가 25cm보다 바람직하나, 장기적인 생육을 고려해볼 때, 토심 25cm가 15cm보다 유리함을 보여준다고 하겠다. 추후, 토양수분변화 및 각 옥상녹화시스템의 요소들과 생육요소들 간에 상관성 및 요인분석에 대한 분석이 좀 더 조사되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

This study proposes a guideline of a green roof system suitable for the local environment by verifying the growth of Zoysia japonica in a shallow, extensive, green roof system under rainfed condition. The experimental soil substrates into which excellent drought tolerance and creeping Z. japonica was planted were made with different soil thicknesses(15cm, 25cm) and soil mixing ratios(SL, P7P1L2, P6P2L2, P5P3L2, P4P4L2). The plant height, green coverage ratio, fresh weight, dry weight and chlorophyll contents of Z. japonica were investigated. For the soil thickness of 15cm, the plant height of Z. japonica was significantly as affected by the soil mixing ratio and it was shown in the order SL= P4P4L2 < P7P1L2 = P5P3L2 < P6P2L2. For the soil thickness of 25cm, the plant height was increased in order to SL < P7P1L2, P6P2L2, P5P3L2 < P4P4L2. The green coverage ratio was not observed by soil the mixing ratio or soil thickness. However, the green coverage ratio was 86∼90% with a good coverage rate overall. The chlorophyll contents of Z. japonica were not significantly affected by the soil mixing ratio in the soil thickness of 15cm, but were higher in the natural soil than in the artificial soil at 25cm soil thickness. The fresh weight and dry weight of Zoysia japonica were heavier in the 25cm thickness than in the 15cm thickness and in the artificial soil mixture than in the natural soil. The result indicated that the growth of Zoysia japonica was more effective in the 25cm soil thickness with artificial soil than in the 15cm soil thickness with natural soil in the green roof system under rainfed condition.

This study investigated the status of planting status of school’s flower of 11 elementary schools located in Chung-ju and its results were as follows. Totally 3,502 trees were planted in the 11 schools and the number of species of the trees was 103. For tall tree Thuja orientalis was planted most frequently and for shrub Buxus microphylla was done in the largest number of the schools. In addition, the number of trees planted in a school was averagely two times more in the model schools than in the other ones, and the average number of species of trees was also over three times more in the model schools. When the number of species of trees was examined according to their types, decidous broad leaved tree was found most frequently overall and the model schools had more various species of decidous tree compared to the other ones. Investigation on designation of school’s flower and tree with the 11 elementary school, revealed similar results with those of previous studies performed with the schools in other areas and the tendency meant that the designation was uniform to some degree. Moreover, as only a few school’s flower and tree were planted or no one was done in some schools, the species of school’s flower and tree needed to be determined by considering characteristics and school percepts of a school as well as local features and circumstances of a region. In addition, more efforts should be made to infuse love for school and to improve quality of education by increasing the planting rate of school’s flower and tree and by focusing them.