A field experiment was conducted to investigate effects of application time and rate of biofertilizer alone and in combination with chemical NPK fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of rice. The biofertilizer used composted food waste as substrate and added with effective microorganism. The treatments included recommended NPK fertilizer(RF, 11-5.5-4.8kg~;10a-1 ), half recommended NPK fertilizer(HRF, 5.5-2.8-2.4kg~;10a-1 ), half recommended NPK fertilizer plus 250kg~;10a-1 biofertilizer(HRF+Bio 250) and 500kg~;10a-1 biofertilizer(HRF+Bio 500). The biofertilizer treatments were applied at 0, 5 and 10 days before transplanting(DBT). Grain yield of HRF+Bio 250 at 5 DBT(648.4kg~;10a-1 ) was statistically similar to the highest obtained in the RF(654.1kg~;10a-1 ). Tiller numbers at HRF plus biofertilizer treatments were already high during the maximum tillering stage, and were similar with that of the RF and higher than that of the HRF during heading stage. Likewise, ripening ratio at HRF plus biofertilizer treatments was similar with that of the RF and higher than that of the HRF. Furthermore, all the biofertilizer treatments improved protein content but reduced the amylose content and palatability compared to treatments with chemical NPK fertilizer alone. Thus, HRF+Bio 250 at 5 DBT can be used to save 50% chemical NPK fertilizer and at the same time obtain an improved rice grain yield and quality.

The effect of mixed treatments of wood vinegar and sulfonylurea-based herbicides on weed control, yield and yield components, and quality of rice was investigated. Two herbicides were tested namely: imazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb[ethyl-1-(2-chloroimidazo[1,2-α ]pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-3-(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl) urea+S-4-chlorobenzyl diethyl(thiocarbamate)], and bensulfuronmethyl+butachlor [methyl α -[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-ylcarbamoyl)sulfamoyl]-o-toluate+N-butoxymethyl-2-chloro-2',6'-diethylacetanilide]. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 5 treatments. Treatments used were recommended(RH: 100%) and half-recommended(HRH: 50%) application rates of each herbicide. Half-recommended application rates were combined with 1 mL wood vinegar 500mL~;water-1 (500) and 1 mL wood vinegar 1000mL~;water-1 (1000) wood vinegar. Plots for no herbicide treatments were also prepared and used as control. Results showed that wood vinegar significantly increased efficacy of HRH in bensulfuron-methyl+butachlor while high efficacy was already obtained in HRH treatment of imazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb. Wood vinegar did not improve the efficacy of imazosulfuron-ethyl+thiobencarb but improved rice yield. Significantly similar rice yields were obtained in the HRH+1000 WV and RH treatments of both herbicides. There were no significant variations in the yield components among the treatments; however, differences in yield can be attributed to the variations in the spikelet number and ripening ratio. Data on rice quality analysis did not show clear trend on the effects of the treatments on grain appearance and nutritional quality.

A new standard rose cultivar 'White Christmas' was bred from the cross between red standard cultivar 'Red Queen' and pink standard cultivar 'Vivaldi' at the National Horticulture Research Institute. The cross was made in 2001 and `White Christmas' was finally selected in 2006 after investigating characteristics for three years from 2003 to 2006. 'White Christmas', a white standard cultivar grows vigorously and has good flower shape. The major characteristics of this cultivar are 123.8 stems/m2/year in yield, 82.3 cm in length of cut flower, 11.0 cm in flower diameter, 60.1 in petal number, and 12.2 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference of this cultivar is relatively higher than that of control cultivar, 'Tineke'.

A new standard rose cultivar 'Magic Pink' was bred from the cross between light yellow standard cultivar 'Medeo' and pink standard cultivar 'Veronica' at the National Horticulture Research Institute. The cross was made in 2001 and 'Magic Pink' was finally selected in 2006 after investigating characteristics for three years from 2003 to 2006. 'Magic Pink', a pink standard cultivar grows vigorously and has fashionable flower color. The major characteristics of this cultivar are 184.8 stems/m2/year in yield, 63.0cm in length of cut flower, 7.2 cm in flower diameter, 28.5 in petal number, and 10.4 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference of this cultivar is relatively higher than that of control cultivar, 'Noblesse'.

The effect of biofertilizer in enhancing nutrient quality and antioxidant property of rice grain was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 7 treatments namely : RF = N-P2O5-K2O(11-5.5-4.8kg~;10a-1); half of the recommended fertilizer rate, HRF=N-P2O5-K2O(5.5-2.75-2.4kg~;10a-1): HRF+Bio 250=HRF combined with 250 kg Biofertilizer 10 a-1 ; HRF+Bio 500=HRF combined with 500 kg Biofertilizer 10 a-1; Bio 250=250 kg Biofertilizer 10 a-1; Bio 500=500 kg Biofertilizer 10 a-1; and NF=No Fertilizer. Results showed that HRF+Bio 500 obtained a significantly higher protein content but a significantly lower amylose content compared with RF and NF treatments. Highest phytic acid content was recorded in NF treatment while the lowest was observed in HRF+500 treatment. The highest values in both electron donating ability and reducing power were obtained in HRF+Bio 500 treatment. All treatments obtained higher reducing power than that of the RF treatment and that NF treatment showed comparable values in both electron donating ability and reducing power with those of the treated plots. Highest antimutagenicity property was also observed in HRF+Bio 500 treatment followed by Bio 500 treatment. This study showed the possibility of using biofertilizer to enhance nutritional quality and antioxidant property of rice.

Our Natural environment is being destroyed and green area is being reduced by industrialization and urbanization and those cause environmental problems. In result, increased play hour with TV, computer games, video games rather then spend a time in nature and plants in children’s. This problems cause children’s emotional impoverishment and passive-dependence inclination. And made children scruple thinking and judging by themselves and it makes children exposure to social problems. Therefore loss of humanity and crisis are rapidly increase educational standardization and this is the cause to decrease children’s pure sensitivity and feelings and decrease cultivate desirable humanity for advancement of physical, emotional, social, intellectual things. For solution, this paper propose Kid Garden for equally cultivate interests, concern, imagination, internal emotion and feelings and increase children’s curiosity about nature for get back into good relationship between children and nature. On this study, make a model reflects children’s suggestions includes plays what they want to do, materials, safety, color, preferences those are analyzed results through survey analysis bases on Preference-Analysis of Kid Garden, the most preferred Kid Garden is a unreal Garden showed in fairy tale "The Wizard of OZ". We propose a Kid Garden model, it based on preference-analysis to get each details of preference, for experience plays what they want to do, horticulture activities for feel five senses, harmonize with nature in limited interior space and help children to expand their dream and an ideal. Children are growing constantly. During growing process children raise their dream and hope and made healthy ego. Experience various culture and experience of nature will help to cultivate children’s, most of children who live in desolate buildings, humanity. Thus, this paper proposes a Kid Garden which is necessary to children, has various forms and contents for children’s demands. Furthermore, we need to make custom gardens consider of age, area, characteristic of space. And we need well organized and designed educational environment for help to understand about plant and increase horticulture activity time in children education curriculums.

The effect of osmotic condition on β-glucuronidase (GUS) transient expression was evaluated in microspore-derived embryos of wheat. Microspore explants were treated on medium containing various mannitol concentrations prior to and post bombardment with plasmid DNA pAHC25 containing uidA gene controlled by maize ubiquitin 1 (UBI1) promoter. GUS expression in the bombarded explants was examined by histochemical and fluorometric assays. Increased GUS expression was observed with mannitol treatment when compared to untreated explants. The histochemical study showed that the number of blue (GUS) foci were the highest in the bombarded explants treated with 0.6 M mannitol medium. The fluorometric assay of bombarded explants also proved 3.5-fold increase in GUS activity with 0.6 M mannitol treatment when compared to without mannitol treatment. These results indicate that 0.6 M mannitol is beneficial for improving transformation efficiency of wheat microspore-derived embryos or embryogenic calli through biolistic transformation.

Indoor space is not just functional mean, it is watched with deep more concern as ecological and emotional design. Designed and executed indoor theme garden in Yawoori department store, 20 ages were major customer, with objective on differentiation of it's image. The inner side of department store is not suitable for plants growth, but establishment period is relatively short with 3 months. Its results of establishing indoor garden, all customer, clients, and employee were satisfied, and its accompanied effectiveness on event of department store. Therefore, indoor garden has potential for generation of images , and visitor or customers's amenity. And it also makes possibility of coexistence human with plans.

This study were conducted to investigate the effect of horticultural activities on the sociability and eating habit for children seven years old in kindergarten. The two groups of preschool children 7 years, in 'M' kindergarten and in 'N' kindergarten, were objects of this research. The number of children were 22 and 7, respectively. The horticultural activities program were applied for 12 sessions in one time a week to 'M' kindergarten and for 15 sessions in one time a week to 'N' kindergarten. The results showed horticultural activities significantly improved sociability and eating habit. Especially the inclination for violence, injuring or beating, was reduced remarkably. Horticultural activities seem to be effective for understanding on natural phenomenon, involve the characteristics of a plant and an animal, and also for recognizing signification of nature life while children did horticultural activities. It was seem those positive effects lead improve sociability in their group. Horticultural activities had an effect on eating habit for children. Especially, It was seem that this effect, improving an unbalanced diet habit, arise from getting familar with vegetables while children cultured and cared themselves.

The effect of biofertilizer (compound of microbial inoculants or groups of micro-organisms) on growth and yield of rice was investigated. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications and 7 treatments namely: RF=N-P2O5-K2O (11-5.5-4.8 kg 10a-1 ); half of the recommended fertilizer rate, HRF=N-P2O5-K2O (5.5-2.75-2.4 kg 10a-1 ); HRF+Bio 250=HRF combined with 250 kg biofertilizer 10a-1 ; HRF+Bio 500=HRF combined with 500 kg biofertilizer 10a-1 ; Bio 250=250 kg biofertilizer 10a-1 ; Bio 500=500 kg biofertilizer 10a-1 ; and NF = No Fertilizer. Results showed that the recorded values of plant height, tiller number and chlorophyll content at 40 to 60 days after transplanting (DAT) in HRF+Bio 500 were significantly higher than those recorded in the RF treatment. Similar observations between these two treatments were only recorded from 60 DAT onwards. Yield components were also superior in HRF+Bio 500 treatment and comparable to that of RF. The highest grain yield obtained in HRF+Bio 500 treatment (785.8 kg 10a-1 ) was statistically similar to that of RF (739.8 kg 10a-1 ) but significantly higher than that of NF (506.7 kg 10a-1 ). Finally, head grain recovery (90.9) was low while chalkiness (0.03) was high at HRF+Bio 500 treatment as compared with RF, which were (96.1) and (0.3), respectively. Results showed that combined treatment of HRF and 500 kg biofertilizer 10a-1 has similar effects on the growth and yield of rice with that of RF.