The docking analysis of a global ship structure is requested to evaluate its structural safety against the reaction forces at supports during docking works inside a dry dock. That problem becomes more important recently as the size of ships is getting larger and larger. The docking supports are appropriately arranged in a dock to avoid their excessive reaction forces which primarily cause the structural damages in docking a ship and, up to now, the structural safety has been assessed against the support arrangement by the finite element analysis (FEA) of a global ship structure. However, it is complicated to establish the finite element model of the ship in the current structural design environment of a shipyard and it takes over a month to finish the work. This paper investigates a simple and fast approach to carry out a ship docking analysis by a simplified grillage model and to assign the docking supports position on the model. The grillage analysis was considered from the motivation that only the reaction forces at supports are sufficient to assess their arrangement. Since the simplified grillage model of the ship cannot guarantee its accuracy quantitatively, modeling strategies are proposed to improve the accuracy. In this paper, comparisons between the proposed approach and three-dimensional FEA for typical types of ships show that the results from the present grillage model have reasonably good agreement with the FEA model. Finally, an integrated program developed for docking supports planning and its evaluation by the proposed approach is briefly described.

In this study, the pure iron powder was treated with aqueous phosphoric acid to produce phosphate insulating layer on the surface. After drying the powder, it was compacted in a mold with a diameter of 20mm at 800MPa. The powder compacts were then heat treated at for 1 hour. The results showed that insulated iron powder was obtained with uniform phosphate layer by chemical reaction. With increased amount of phosphate layer, the core loss and density of compacts were decreased. It was also found that the addition of ethyl alcohol during insulating reaction resulted in improved core loss value.

The potential cultivation of buckwheat species in Luang Prabang region, Lao PDR where the species has not been naturally grown and not traditionally utilized was studied to introduce buckwheat as a new agricultural material, especially for food and medicine. The growth of Tartary buckwheat species was higher than common buckwheat showing 2.3 fold of plant height compared to common buckwheat. Number of flower per plant in Tartary buckwheat (731) was three fold higher than common buckwheat (244). Dry weight per plant was respectively 1.7 g in Suwon No. 1, 2.6 g in Suwon No. 2, and 1.4 g in KW45. The rate average of seed setting was similar between common buckwheat (41 to 46 %) and Tartary buckwheat (44%). Total seed yield of Tartary buckwheat (184 kg/10 a) in 10a could be estimated to be higher than that of common buckwheat (108 kg/10 a).

This paper describes the potential use of deep sea water to stimulate seed germination in both common and Tartary buckwheat. Treatment of 10% deep sea water at 25℃ would slightly enhance germination of buckwheat seeds compared to non-DSW treatment and other temperature. In this study, the significant effects of photoperiod and temperature on seedling growth were also found in the HL treatment for the number of leaf, plant height, and plant fresh weight and LL treatment for root length and leaf size. Common buckwheat (Suwon No.1) showed higher rate (93%) of flowering plants in the HS and LL (93% of flowering rates) than those revealed in the HS and LS treatment, while the low percentage(67%) of plant flowering plants was shown in the LS treatment. All plants (100%) of a Korean landrace, Ahndong-jaerae showed flowers in the HS and LS treatment. HL and LL treatment status did not occur in the plant's flowering. Any Tartary buckwheat (KW45) plant did not yet flowered when it was 21 days-old.

Effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P) and potassium (K) on the shoot and bulb growth of wild garlic (Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum) were studied by adopting in vitro culture. These macronutrients influenced the growth of both the shoot and bulb of garlic depending upon their application doses. A minimum of 3% potassium nitrate (KNO3) as a source of nitrogen was found to be critical for shoot elongation while higher concentrations were inhibitory. Garlic bulb growth was profuse on the usual KNO3 strength and sucrose (7%), followed by KNO3 (9.4 mM) supplement. On providing 41.22 mM ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) as nitrogen source highest shoot growth was observed while 82.45 mM NH4NO3 as a source of nitrogen supported high bulb growth. With regard to potassium a good shoot growth was observed in medium that contained 0.31 mM KH2PO4 and 3% sucrose, while bulb growth was high on 2.5 mM KH2PO4 and 7% sucrose. These experiments may thus direct the development of excellent growth conditions for the commercial production of edible wild garlic.

With both common and Tartary buckwheat species, this study was aimed at producing new commercially useful bio-materials with higher nutritional and medicinal value due to higher components for health promotion and diseases care. In common buckwheat sprouts, it was found that root length at 20℃ was longer (5.93 cm) than at 25 and 30℃, whereas the hypocotyls length, fresh weight of each sprout, and whole fresh weight showed the highest value at 30℃. For Tartary buckwheat, the root length, hypocotyl length and fresh weight of each sprout and whole fresh weight were also the highest at 30℃. Common buckwheat (Suwon No.1) and Tartary buckwheat (KW45) sprouts cultured at 20℃ showed that hypocotyl length, fresh weight of each sprout, and whole fresh weight in the control were higher than those sprouts treated with 5% and 10% deep sea water (DSW), while the sprouts cultured at 30℃ showed were significantly longer hypocotyls than the control or 5% DSW treatment.

Many research results have indicated that many kinds of useful ingredients are rich in buckwheat, which have high nutritional values and medicinal properties, so, buckwheat has been cultivated around Asia and Europe. In this paper, genetic diversity of common and tartary buckwheat germplasms were studied based on morphological and molecular markers in order to provide useful information for conservation and utilization of buckwheat genetic resources. The length, width, thick, value and weight of the seed of the common and tartary buckwheat were measured and analyzed by the statistics methods. The result has shown that there are morphological variation both in common buckwheat and tartary buckwheat seeds collected from different regions. It also has shown that the morphological variation of tartary seeds was significantly correlated to geographical regions. The nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the tartary buckwheat collected from different countries were cloned, sequenced and statistically analyzed. The data showed that ITS sequences were informative to analyze the phylogeny of the tartary buckwheat and the data also showed that the genetic distances varied among different tartary buckwheat seeds collected from different countries.

Scopolia parviflora Nakai, a rare and endangered species, is the sole plant producing tropane alkaloids (TA) among the Korean native species. In order to enhance TA productivity the SP72 root line was selected by screening 100 of root line, and the optimal culture media for root growth and TA production were investigated with the SP72 roots. Based on the several media, SH and 2B5 medium were determined as growth medium and White and NN medium as production medium. Among the four combinations of two-stage culture, 2BN (2B5 as growth medium plus NN as production medium) showed more enhanced root growth and TA production as compared with production media of White and NN medium and growth media of SH and 2B5 medium, respectively. However, bubble column bioreactor (BCB) cultures applying two-stage culture did not reveal the effective results despite of the each successful operation of two-stage culture in conical flasks and BCB cultures.

Korean cultivars of buckwheat(Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) was crossed with Canadian cultivars in order to improve seed yield as well as leaf production of buckwheat for using as food and medicine. The agronomic characteristics and rutin contents of F2 hybrids are investigated for further selection of superior lines. Dry weight per plant was the highest in a line 1110(6.71g) and leaf weight per plant was the highest in a line 1110(1.91g). Hybrid seeds were 0.55 - 0.70cm long and 0.37 - 0.47cm wide on average. 100 seeds weight ranged from 2.57g to 3.58g. Line 1076 produced the longest seeds(0.70cm) and line 1186 was the longest in seed width. Line 1196 showed the highest 100 seeds weight(3.58g). The highest frequency of the LWR(length/width rate) was 0.66~0.70, indicating that seed shape of the hybrids was mostly oval. Line 1087 showed the highest contents of rutin(77.26ppm). Lines 1090 and 1181 contained respectively rutin of 54.76ppm and 54.35ppm in the seeds. From the yield and rutin point of view, the most superior lines was line 1087 among the lines used for this study.

Growth and yield of licorice were investigated under the different conditions of photoperiod and shading in order to establish its cultural practice for the domestic production with the aim to substitute the import. The photoperiod was adjusted to 8,10, and 12 h by shielding plants from the light with blackout curtain. Large seedlings(11-20g) appeared to be affected by photoperiod since around 65 days. Most of growth parameters, including plant height, number of leaf, fresh and dry weight of plant and root, were the highest in 12 h photoperiod among all the photoperiod levels, excepting stem diameter which was the highest in 10 h photoperiod(4.5mm). Each photoperiod was similar to each other in root length and diameter. Small seedlings(4-l0g) showed a similar trend to large seedlings. The results from field photoperiod experiment demonstrated that 12 h photoperiod was also the best among three photoperiod treatments in plant height, stem diameter, number of leaf, root length, fresh and dry weight of plant and root. The effect of shading was tested under the three levels of control (0%), half-shading (55%), and full shading (90%). Shading remarkably suppressed the growth and yield, compared to no-shading. Although plant height and root length were little affected by the shading, stem and root diameters were heavily reduced.

Growth and yield of licorice were investigated under the different conditions of ridge height, planting density, and irrigation in order to establish its cultural practices for the domestic production with the aim to substitute the import. Seedlings were grown under low ridge(20cm) and high ridge(40cm) in low density plot(60×30cm) and high density plot(40×30cm), respectively. The low ridge cultivation of large seedlings increased plant height and root length under low density, and stem and root diameter under high density compared to the high ridge cultivation. In the high ridge cultivation, high density plot was 1.1 to 1.3 times in plant height, root length, stem and root diameter as high as low density one. Fresh and dry weight of plant and root in high ridge were 1.3 to 1.5 times as high as those in low one. The growth of small seedlings(4~10g) were generally poor compared to that of large seedlings. High density plot in low ridge showed the good growth characteristics including plant height, root length, stem and root diameter, and number of branch. High density plot was 1.4 to 1.6 times in fresh and dry weight of plant and root as high as low density plot. In the seasonal changes of growth under various irrigation regimes, the twice irrigation a day produced the more number of leaf than the other regimes since around 46 days after transplanting. The former irrigation resulted in 1.2 to 1.4 times in plant height as long as the other irrigations around 26 days after transplanting and then the difference was increased to 1.6 to 2.0 times around 64 days after transplanting. Under the twice irrigation a day, plant height, root length, stem diameter, root diameter, number of leaf, fresh plant weight, dry plant weight, fresh root weight, dry root weight were 1.6 to 2.0, 1.1, 1.2 to 1.6, 1.3 to 1.8, 1.9 to 2.7, 1.7 to 8.0, 1.6 to 2.8,2.0 to 3.0, 1.6 to 2.7 times as high as those under the other irrigation regimes, respectively.

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological characteristics of the plants and seeds of Ainsliaea acerifolia and to determine the optimum condition for producing sprouts from the seeds. Plant height, flower stalk length, and pod number were higher in natural habitat than in campus farm. Average 1.2 seeds per pod was set but only 0 to 2 seeds per plant was set in plants with the enveloped flower stalks, indicating that this is an outcrossing species. Most of seeds were 9-11mm long and 1.1-1.4mm wide. Fresh weight of seeds was ranged from 10mg to 17mg. Seeds germinated well at 15℃ and 20℃. Mean germination period was 11.5 day at 15 to 25℃. Sprouts grown at 15℃ was longest(5.4cm) and heaviest(738mg/10 sprouts). Chlorophyll content was 333mg per fresh weight 110g. Protein, Fe, vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, and vitamin C were respectively 23.7mg, 6.4mg, 1.82mg, 0.49mg, and 10..7mg.