This research examined a task to foster into the export industry, through analyzing the competitiveness of the ornamental fish industry and identifying the position of Korea’s ornamental industry in the world. Ornamental fish in Korea holds the world’s leading aquaculture technology, but products are limited to a few species, lacking competitive products. In the case of aquarium supplies, the Korean technology level is receiving relatively positive marks in the global market, but ornamental fish products are lagging behind the global trend. In other words, Korea’s ornamental fish industry has the overall technical foundation, but lacks differentiation in the global market. Meanwhile, Korea’s market share of world trade market in fishery products is minimal. Growth was also analyzed not high compared to other countries. Various trade competitiveness index results rated very low in competitiveness, but it is hard to compare Korea with other countries which have already built a strong foundation in the ornamental fish industry. Therefore, for the mid to long term Korea should adapt a“Choice and concentration”strategy and focus on the production of ornamental fish and aquarium supplies, which will enable Korea to become differentiated in the global market and capture the world exports.

This study is to focus on the status of implementation of bilateral-fishery order based on the Korea-China fisheries agreement and aims to improve fisheries relationship between two countries. Korea-China Fisheries Agreement entered into force in 2001, and serves as a basic framework of the bilateral fisheries order. However, the fishing order between Korea and China has the following limitations. First, it is standstill of joint response for a practical resource management. Second, there are still gaps between the quotas of mutual accord fishing and fishing operation work performance. Third, China’s illegal fishing is taking place consistently. Fourth, the effective cooperation between two countries in fisheries is not carried out. Finally, the Korea has faced difficult situations to adhere to a balanced position in the fishery negotiations due to conflicting positions on China and Japan. In order to solve these problems, the fishing order between Korea and China will be able to maintain the competitiveness of Korean fishery sector by reinforcing Korea’s fishing sovereignty, Korea and China, based on trust and cooperation, will make efforts to improve bilateral fisheries relations to maximize mutual benefit in fishery sector. Specifically, first, the two countries should strengthen the resources management based on the scientific research and the improvement of imbalance of the mutual agreed fishing in EEZ. Second, Korea has to achieve our targeted performance of fishing operation and establish a joint resources management system between two countries in the provisional measure zone. Third, Korea should implement to collect fisheries information about China fishing vessels which are operating in the EEZ of Korea. Finally, Korea and China should be building up effective governance framework for the establishment of fishing order.

A 7-year-old, spayed female, domestic short hair cat showed signs of a 2-week history of chronic anorexia, depression, and severe weight loss. Upon physical examination, pyrexia, mild gingivitis, and pale mucus membranes were noted. Laboratory analysis revealed normocytic normochromic non-regenerative anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia. Serum protein electrophoresis revealed the presence of elevated alpha-2 fraction within the globulin concentration. Based on history, clinical signs, and laboratory results, systemic viral infection was strongly suspected. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction identified the presence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in the serum. Furthermore, gene sequencing revealed the virus as FIV subtype A. Treatment with anti-retroviral agents, including azidothymidine (AZT) and recombinant human interferon-alpha, was continued for 4 weeks. However, the patient’s clinical condition deteriorated, resulting in death 1 month after initiation of treatment due to progressive renal failure. Necropsy and histopathology revealed hepatic and renal necrosis with hyper-cellular bone marrow mainly comprised of myeloid precursor cells. This case report is the first to describe phylogenetic subtyping, anti-retroviral combination treatment, and clinical outcomes in an FIV-infected cat in Korea. In addition, this report suggests that treatment should be initiated during the early phase of infection that could be effective for the virus.

국내에서 육성된 딸기 품종인 ‘설향’을 대상으로 비가 림 포트 육묘 시 양분 공급 중단 시기에 따른 자묘의 생육과 정식 후 수량을 검토하였다. 자묘 받기를 완료한 후 양분을 EC 0.8dS · m−1 수준으로 공급하다가 7월 25 일부터 9월 5일에 걸쳐 약 10일 간격으로 양분 공급을 각각 중단하고 이후 수분만 공급하였다. 그 결과 육묘기 양분 공급 중단 시기가 7월 25일로 빠른 경우에 엽면적 등 지상부 생육은 억제되었으나 근중은 증가하여 T/R율이 크게 감소하였고 엽록소 함량이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 또한 화아 분화가 촉진되어 정식 후의 출뢰, 개화 및 수확기가 앞당겨졌으나 8월 중순 이후까지 양분 공급이 지속될 경우에 수확 시기가 2주 이상 지연되었다. 이에 따라 7월 25일에 양분 공급을 중단한 처리구에서 1월 하순 및 2월 하순까지의 1주당 누적 상품과 수량은 각각 169 및 266g으로 나타났으며 9월 5일 처리구와 비교하여 각각 71 및 12% 수준의 유의한 수량 증가를 보였다. 따라서 육묘 후기 자묘의 적절한 양분 공급 중단으로 체내 질소 수준을 효과적으로 감소시킴으로써 딸기의 화아 분화를 촉진하고 수확 시기를 앞당겨 딸기 가격이 높게 형성되는 동절기 수량 및 소득을 증대시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

This study is aimed to present measures for stable supply of fishmeal and to develop fish farming into a food industry and an export industry. The study analyzed current domestic and international supply and demand for fishmeal and suggested future prospects. The results of the study suggested the basic directions for the stable supply of fishmeal in Korea as follows: first, stable securing of fishmeal importers and establishment of the supply and demand monitoring system; second, policies to boost using of compound feeds and expansion of relevant fishmeal use; third, higher competitiveness of fishmeal and compound feeds through selective and intensive R&D investments. Based on the basic directions, the paper suggested implementation measures such as strengthening of cooperations with fishmeal suppliers abroad, expansion of overseas local market entrance, diversification of fishmeal trading countries, revision of relevant laws and polices on the fishmeal and feeds, organization of domestic fishmeal, promotion of group purchase, improvement of domestic fish meal quality, development of fish meal alternatives, etc.

Cryopreservation and in vitro fertilization (IVF) protocols are important in genetic studies and applications to transgenic animals. Various studies about boar sperm cryopreservation have been studied for a long time. Those were about the use of extenders, the choice of sugars, the cooling and warming rates. The factors that influence the boar sperm are the dramatic changes in temperatures, osmotic and toxic stresses, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Among these factors, ROS generation is the main damage to DNA which is a principal genetic material and the most important for the practical applications. So we wondered whether ROS generation could be reduced. In previous study, monothioglycerol (MTG) was essential for the culture of embryo stem cells. Therefore we added MTG in the freezing extender based on lactose-egg yolk (LEY) with trehalose. For the assessment of the frozen-thawed sperm, we focused onmotility, membrane integrity and DNA damage. First, we used a computer-aided sperm analysis system for overall conditions of sperm such as motility and viability. Then we performed the sperm chromatin structure assay for DNA integrity and hypo-osmotic swelling test for membrane integrity. And our result showed the existence of MTG in the freezing extender caused less damage to DNA and higher motility in frozen-thawed boar sperm. Also we checked a relative antioxidant activity of MTG in modified Modena B extender. We concluded that this reagent can activate sperm mitochondria at MTG 0.2 μM, contribute to sperm motility and DNA integrity but there was no significant difference on membrane integrity. Also antioxidant activity of MTG in modified Modena B extender was proved.

경제적이고 우수한 핵확산저항성을 갖는 파이로공정의 핵심 단위공정인 전해제련 공정에서 U와 TRU를 동시에 회수하기 위해 환원전극으로써 LCC가 사용된다. 한가지 원소만을 회수하는 금속음극과는 달리 LCC는 전기화학적으로 U와 TRU의 선택적 분리가 어려워 핵확산저항성을 높이는 기술의 핵심이라고 할 수 있다. LCC를 담아놓는 LCC 도가니는 U나 TRU로만 전착되어야하기 때문에 도가니는 전기적으로 절연되어야 한다. LCC와의 안정성과 회수된 TRU 및 용융염과의 화학적 안전성은 물론 공정 중 전착될 수 있는 금속 Li과의 반응성도 고려되어야하므로 LCC 도가니의 소재 특성은 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 Al2O3, MgO, Y2O3, BeO 네 가지 대체 세라믹 소재의 화학적 안정성을 500℃에서 모의 LCC로 열역학적 및 실험적으로 평가하였다. 세라믹 기판 위의 LCC 접촉각은 화학적 반응성을 예측하기 위해 시간에 따라 측정하였다. Al2O3는 가장 낮은 화학적 안정성 갖고 BeO는 재료 내에 존재하는 기공은 접촉각감소에 영향을 주었다. MgO, Y2O3는 우수한 화학적 안정성을 나타내었다.

목적: 누진가입도렌즈(Progressive Addition Lens; PAL)의 근시억제효과를 평가하기 위하여 한국 근시아동을 대상으로 단초점렌즈(Single Vision Lens; SVL)와 누진가입도렌즈(Progressive Addition Lens; PAL) 착용 후 임상적 효과를 비교하였다. 방법: 근시아동(-0.50~-4.50D, 6~12세) 106명을 모집하여 무작위 이중맹검법(randomized double- masked)으로 나누어 SVL와 PAL 안경을 착용하도록 하였으며 PAL 안경의 가입도는+1.00D와 +1.50D를 사용하였다. 안경 착용 전에 조절마비(1% tropicamide) 자동굴절검사를 시행하고 IOL master를 이용하여 안축장을 측정한 후, 대상자에게 처방한 안경을 활동하는 동안 착용하도록 하고 12개월 전·후에 다시 조절 마비자동굴절검사와 안축장을 측정한 후 비교하였다. 결과: 107명의 대상자 중 100명의 대상자(94%)가 12개월 동안 성공적으로 참여하였으며 PAL 착용군 70명(+1.00D 가입도 34명, +1.50D 가입도 36명)과 SVL 착용군 30명으로 구성되었다. 12개월 동안 굴절력 의 변화는 PAL 착용군에서는 -0.43±0.39D, SVL 착용군에서는 -0.78±0.32D로 두 그룹의 차이값은 0.35D로 유의한 차이가 있었고(p < 0.001), 가입도에 따라서는 차이가 없었다(p=0.94). 안축장의 길이는 PAL 착용군에서 0.11±0.02mm 증가하고 SVL 착용군에서 0.24±0.01mm 증가하여 두 그룹의 차이값은 0.13mm로 유의하게 차이가 있었고(p < 0.001) 가입도에 따라서는 차이가 없었다(p=0.617). PAL 착용군과 SVL 착용군에서 굴절력의 변화량은 안축장의변화량과 높은상관을 나타내었다 (PAL: r=-0.76, p < 0.001, SVL: r = -0.56, p < 0.001). 결론: 근시가 진행 중인 아동에서 PAL 안경의 사용은 비록 그 양은 작지만, 안축장의 길이증가와 굴절 력의 변화를 일정부분 지연시키는 것으로 사료된다.

이 연구는 야간기온이 토마토의 생산성, 생육, 과실의 특성에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고 토마토의 적정 야간기온을 설정하기 위해 수행하였다. 토마토(Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Superdoterang and cv. Rapito)는 야간기온 5, 10, 15, 20℃에서 재배되었으며 주간환기점은 27℃으로 설정하였다. 야간기온에 따라 토마토의 초장, 엽면적, 생체중 건물중이 달라졌다. ‘슈퍼도태랑’과 ‘라피토’ 품종 모두에서 야간온도가 높아질수록 토마토의 생체중과 건물중이 증가하였으나 ‘슈퍼도태랑’의 경우 20℃에서는 약간 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 과실 생산성에 있어 ‘라피토’ 품종이 ‘슈퍼도태랑’에 비하여 고온에서 생산성이 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 회귀식을 통해 추정한 결과, ‘슈퍼도태랑’의 경우 13.32℃, ‘라피토’의 경우 14.25℃에서 수량이 가장 높게 나타냈다. 그 이상의 온도에서 총 수량은 감소하였으나 일일생산량은 온도가 높아짐에 따라 증가하여 ‘슈퍼도태랑’은 14.45℃, ‘라피토’는 16.46℃에서 최고 일일생산량을 보였다. 과실 특성은 온도가 올라갈수록 과실 무게가 감소하였고 당도는 야간기온 15℃에서 높게 나타났다. 이 연구 결과 야간 기온은 토마토의 생산성을 좌우하는 중요한 요소이며 토마토의 생육속도 및 생산성을 좌우하는 온도 수준은 품종에 따라 다른 것으로 판단된다.

작물의 묘소질은 정식 후 본포에서의 생육이나 수량, 품질에 영향을 미치기 때문에 작물 재배에서 있 어서 육묘는 매우 중요하다. 본 연구는 야간온도 수준을 10, 15, 20℃로 조절하여 토마토묘와 수박 접목 묘의 생육에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고 야간온도에 따라 변화된 초장, 건물중, 경경 등의 건묘를 나타내는 중요한 생육지표간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 야간온도 10℃로 관리하였을 때 토마토묘에서 엽면적지수와 건물중이 다른 처리에 비하여 유의적으로 감소하였으며, 야간온도를 20℃로 관리하였을 때 수박 접목묘에서 초장이 길어지고 경경이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 재배기간 동안의 누적온도에 대한 반응은 토마토의 경우 야간온도가 낮을 경우 누적온도가 같더라도 엽면적이 감소되어 결과적으로는 건물중을 감소시켰으며, 수박 접목묘의 경우 초장이 유의적으로 길어졌다. 주요 생육지표간의 상관관계를 살펴보면 토마토묘의 경우 초장과 경경의 경우 온도처리와 상관없이 선형적인 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타나 묘소질을 판단하기에는 부적절한 것으로 판단되며, 수박 접목묘의 초장과 경경은 야간기온 처리 에 따라 달라지며 상관성을 보이지 않았으므로 묘소질을 판단하는데 이용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

The objective of this study was to evaluated the efficiency on sperm cryosurvival and ability of in vitro fertilization using Triladyl and Lactose Egg-Yolk(LEY) as extenders for cryopreservation of separated sperm by 65% percoll in miniature pig. Sperm viability was measured with SYBR-14/PI double stained sperm by flow cytometry. Ability on embryo cleavage rate and blastocyst development were observed by in vitro fertilization after frozen-thawing of sperm separated by 65% percoll. The experimental groups were designed that separated sperm by 65% percoll with Triladyl (ST) or LEY(SL) and unseparated sperm with Triladyl(UT) or LEY(UL) for cryopreservation. As a results, the viability was significantly(p<0.05) higher in ST(55.1%), SL(63.1%), UL(58.8%) than UT(38.2%) group. Sperm viability in SL(63.1%) group was significantly(p<0.05) higher than other experimental groups. On the other hand, embryo cleavage rate was significantly(p<0.05) higher in ST(79.1%), SL(83.2) than UT(74.1%) and UL(75.7%) groups at 96h after in vitro fertilization. Blastocyst development was also significantly(p<0.05) higher in ST(21.5%), SL(20.9%) than UT(17.0%) and UL (18.8%) groups. In conclusion, cryopreservation of miniature boar sperm separated by 65% percoll were beneficial to viability and capacity on in vitro fertilization.

The first full-scale u-City operation has started in Dongtan u-City. As local cities take over and operate the u-City, unexpected issues arise such as securing the budget of operating costs and self-providing the costs with business models utilizing the u

The objective of this study was to evaluated the efficiency of sperm cryosurvival using each extenders Triladyl and LEY containing egg yolk to the cryopreservation of separated sperm by percoll in miniature pig. The ejaculated semen from miniature pig was separated by 65% percoll and un-separated sperm as a control before freezing. The freezing of diluted semen added with Triladyl containing egg yolk and LEY solution (solution Ⅰ: 11% Lactose or Triladyl + egg yolk; solution Ⅱ: solutionⅠ + glycerol + OEP). Analysis of sperm ability was estimated by viability, capacitation acrosome reaction using chlortetracycline (CTC) the morphologic abnormality and hypoosmotic swelling test(HOST). The groups were designed that as separated sperm by Percoll with Triladyl(ST) or LEY(SL) for cryopreservation. And unseparated sperm with Triladyl(UT) or LEY(UL). As a results, the viability was higher significantly(p<0.05) in ST, SL, UT than UL extender. The morphologic abnormality was measured significantly (p< 0.05) lower in ST than other extenders. The AR-patterned in CTC analysis was measured significantly(p<0.05) lower in SL and UL than other extenders. In conclusion, using Triladyl extender resulted in viability and morphology of separated sperm by percoll that were effective than using LEY extender, but it resulted in capacitation acrosome reaction was lower than using LEY extender.

The present study was performed to identify changes of plasminogen activator (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) in porcine oviduct epithelial cells (POECs) during the estrous cycle. POECs obtained from ovary in pre‐ovulatory (Pre‐Ov), early to mid‐luteal stage (Early‐mid L) and post‐ovulatory stage (Post‐Ov). For the examine of PA activity, 1×105 fresh cells of POECs were cultured in DMEM/Ham F‐12 containing 10% FBS and 0.2% amphotericin under humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air and 38℃. The urokinase‐type PA (uPA) was observed at 7 days of POECs culture. PA activity was measured with culture prolonged of 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hafter culture of 7 days. The PA activity were high significantly (p<0.05) at 12 h of culture, but PA activity were decreased with culture periods increased. The PA activity in POECs of Post‐Ov stage were higher significantly (p<0.05) than that of Early‐mid L and Pre‐Ov stage. When PAI‐1 and PAI‐2 were added during the POECs culture, the PA were observed significant low activity (p<0.05). The PA activity and protein expression were decreased by PA inhibitor. This results suggest that PAI‐1 and PAI‐2 have a suppressive action on change of PA activity uring the estrous cycle of pigs. Specifically, this study using PA inhibitor was effect the PA activity and PAI expression in oviduct epithelial cells in pigs.

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the bacteria eliminated sperm by percoll gradient method on sperm quality and embryo cleavage in vitro in pig. The semen of miniature pig collected by gloved-hand method pre-warmed (37℃) in thermos bottle, and separated by 65% percoll. Analysis of sperm ability was estimated by examining viability, capacitation and acrosome reaction using chlortetracycline (CTC) and the abnormality. Also, fertility of sperm was monitored with cleavage rate of embryo after IVF using separated and un-separated sperm by percoll. The result, viability of separated sperm was significantly(p<0.05) higher(83.6±2.0 vs 59.0±4.4%) than un- separated sperm. The results of CTC analysis showed the percentage of F- and B-patterned separated sperm was higher in separated that than un-separated sperm. On the contrary, the percentage of AR-patterned form un-separaed sperm was significantly(p<0.05) higher(13.6±0.8 vs 8.1±0.6%) than separated sperm. Also, abnormality of un-separated sperm was significantly(p<0.05) higher(20.2±0.4 vs 16.8±2.8%) than separated sperm. However, the cleavage rates of embryo using separated sperm by percoll and un-separated sperm had not significantly difference on 2 cell stage(9.25 vs 11.88%), 4 cell stage(26.76 vs 24.51%) and >4 cell stage(63.99 vs 63.61%) at 48h of IVF. Therefore, the sperm separated by percoll method showed improvement in sperm quality than un-separated sperm in miniature pig.