2014년 3월부터 4월까지 라오스 볼라벤 고원의 Xe Pian과 Xe Namnoy의 본류 및 지류 하천에서 어류상을 조사한 결과 총 8과 28종의 어류가 확인되었다. 채집된 어류 중 Devario salmonatus, Poropuntius bolovenensis, Annamia sp., Sewellia elongata, Schistura bolavenensis, Schistura sp.1, Schistura sp.2, Schistura sp.3, Schistura sp.4, Macronathus sp. 등 10종은 볼라벤 고원의 고유종으로 본 지역은 35.7%의 높은 고유화 빈도를 나타냈다. 한편 볼라벤 고원 내에 4종의 Poropuntius속 어류가 서식한다고 알려져 있으나(Kottelat, 2000, 2013) 본 조사에서 입 모양을 제외한 주요 계수형질이 4종 모두 중복되는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 미성어(>70㎜)는 일반적인 입 모양(narrow)을 가졌으나, 성어의 입 모양은 2가지 유형(narrow/broad)으로 나타나 성장하면서 입 모양이 변화하는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구를 통해 볼라벤 고원에 서식하는 Poropuntius속 어류는 Poropuntius bolovenensis 1종이며, 본 종은 다양한 입 모양을 가지는 섭식기구의 다형성(Trophic polymorphism)이 존재하는 것을 확인하였다.

With the stabilization of Korea’s industrialization, it has become interested in the efficient use of rare metals, climate change and industrial environment and safety etc. It is thus making efforts to implement economic policies that address such issues. Therefore it is necessary to understand the demand, supply and use of metal materials. Since 2010, the Korean government has developed the integrated material flow methodology and has been trying to examine the demand, supply and use of metal materials. In 2013, the Korean government surveyed the material flow of chromium. Material flow analysis and environment emission of chromium were investigated 8 steps; (1) raw material, (2) first process, (3) Intermediate product, (4) End product, (5) Use/accumulation, (6) Collection, (7) Recycling, (8) Disposal. Chromium was used for stainless steel, alloy steel, coated sheets, refractory material and coating materials. Recycling was done mainly in use of stainless steel scrap. To ensure efficient use of chromium, process improvement is required to reduce the scrap in the intermediate product stage. In the process of producing of the products using chromium, it was confirmed that chromium was exposed to the environment. It requires more attention and protection against environment emission of chromium.

The potential application of ultrafine cerium oxide (ceria, ) as an oxygen gas sensor has been investigated. Ceria was synthesized by a thermochemical process: first, a precursor powder was prepared by spray drying cerium-nitrate solution. Heat treatment in air was then performed to evaporate the volatile components in the precursor, thereby forming nanostructured having a size of approximately 20 nm and specific surface area of 100 . After sintering with loosely compacted samples, hydrogen-reduction heat treatment was performed at 773K to increase the degree of non-stoichiometry, x, in . In this manner, the electrical conductivity and oxygen-response ability could be enhanced by increasing the number of oxygen vacancies. After the hydrogen reduction at 773K, was obtained with nearly the same initial crystalline size and surface. The response time measured at room temperature was extremely short at 4 s as compared to 14 s for normally sintered . We believe that this hydrogen-reduced ceria can perform capably as a high-performance oxygen sensor with good response abilities even at room temperature.

FePt binary-alloy nanopowder has been successfully synthesized by chemical vapor condensation process with two metal organic precursors, i.e., iron pentacarbonyl and platinum acetylacetonate. Average particle size of the powder was less than 50 nm with very narrow size distribution, revealing high dispersion capability. Characteristics of the powder could be controlled by changing process parameters such as reaction temperature, chamber pressure, as well as gas flow rate. Magnetic properties of the synthesized FePt nanopowder were investigated and analyzed in terms of the powder characteristics.

Nanostructured ceria powder was synthesized by a thermochemical process and investigated its applicability for an oxygen gas sensor. An amorphous precursor powders prepared by spray drying a cerium-nitrate solution were transformed successfully into nanostructured ceria by heat-treatment in air atmosphere. The powders were a loose agglomerated structure with extremely fine particles about 15 nm in size, resulting in a very high specific surface area . The oxygen sensitivity and the response time measured at sintered sample at was about -0.25 and very short, i.e., seconds, respectively.

본 연구의 목적은 운동제어/학습 또는 운동역학을 연구하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 근전도의 사용과 근전도와 등척성 수축력과의 관계에 나타나는 문제점과 제안점을 조사하는 것이다. 선행연구를 분석한 결과, 등척성 힘의 증가에 따른 근전도의 증가 관계가 선형적 모양으로 나타나지는 않았다. 또한, 선행연구에서 근전도와 등척성 힘 관계를 연구하는데 몇 가지 문제점들이 발견되었다. 이러한 문제점은 선행 연구실험들의 절차상에 차이가 나타났고, 근육의 생리학적인 또는 해

This paper aims to apply a supply chain modeling and its analysis framework to the supply chain in the port industry. The simulation approach serves two purposes: to model a supply chain network in quantity approach and to evaluate its supply chain performance based on proposed strategies. Through the modeling works to improve the performance, the components of simulation model such as input model, strategy model, operational policy model and performance model in port supply chain were identified. The effects of various strategies can guide the way to administrate the supply chain in the different objectives.