본 연구는 장수풍뎅이(Allomyrina dichotoma) 유충을 가수분해한 후 발생한 가수분해물 시료의 항비만 효능에 관한 결과이다. 먼저 3T3-L1 세포에 대한 시료의 독성을 테스트하였다. 시료 F10, P10, P30은 세포에 62.5ug/ml 처리 시 세포 생존율은 ~87.5% 정도로 나타났으며 F30의 경우 세포가 모두 건강하게 성장하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 다음으로 지질합성 관여 단백질인 SREBP-1과 FAS에 대한 발현 억제 실험을 진행하였다. 시료 F10과 F30을 처리 하였을 때 SREBP-1과 FAS의 발현을 가장 잘 억제한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 3T3-L1 지방세포 분화 과정을 Oil Red O staining 방법으로 염색 후 관찰을 진행하였다. 컨트롤과 비교하여 시료 F10, F30, P10과 P30을 처리한 지방 세포들은 모두 세포 분화 억제가 관찰되었으며 특히, 시료 F10에서 지방세포 분화 억제가 활발히 발생한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 위 결과를 종합해 보면, 시료 F10과 F30을 혼합하여 사용한다면 반려동물에 대하여 효과 있는 항비만 사료를 개발할 수 있으리라 판단된다.

Parasites have co-evolved with their host for a long period of time, resulting in unique parasitic systems tailored to each host species. This makes them suitable for research on physiological function control through cross-species molecules like miRNA. The body louse, a vector of bacterial pathogens, is particularly valuable as a model insect due to their frequent feeding on human blood, which results in the continuous ingestion of human-derived miRNA and injection of salivary gland-derived miRNA into the human body. In this study, we conducted miRNA sequencing on body lice with mixed stages and identified 105 miRNAs, including 50 novel miRNAs. Sequence analysis of human miRNAs remaining in body lice and the functional analysis of these miRNAs are in progress.

This research uses the Balanced Scorecard framework to create comprehensive performance indicators for foodservice programs in senior welfare centers. The study evaluates these programs in South Korean senior welfare centers from financial, customer, learning and growth, and internal business process perspectives. Thirty-five evaluation indicators were developed and validated through the Delphi study used for the survey study nationwide, and 115 were collected. Thirty elderly welfare centers participated in on-site evaluation by the expert. The results of the survey study, 81.4, indicate overall favorable performance, with social workers scoring slightly lower than dietitians and directors. On-site evaluations showed better performance, 84.4, compared to the survey study. The learning and growth perspective showed a significantly higher score on on-site evaluation, and the score was 20.9, which was 3.1 points higher than 17.8 from the survey study (p<0.001). However, there is room for improvement, including adopting nutrition management programs, defining roles for dietitians and cooks, enhancing food sanitation regulations, and providing financial support. Additional recommendations involve recruiting nutrition personnel, collaborating with local governments, and integrating centers for children’s foodservice management at the local level. This research provides valuable insights into enhancing the foodservice in elderly welfare centers to improve the nutrition and well-being of the elderly population.

Kori unit 1 and Wolsong unit 1 were permanently shut down in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Both plants were decided to demolish the building without reuse. Large structures must be demolished after removing systems and components in the building, and in the case of large structures, thorough planning is required because of the large scale of work. Therefore, in this study, important considerations in the phase of the demolition plan of large structures when decommissioning were analyzed. The demolition of large structures at nuclear facilities is major one phase of work within a broader decommissioning plan. Furthermore, the actual demolition of the structure (i.e., physical process) represents the last step in a process that begins with extensive planning and analysis. The National Demolition Association (NDA) has provided checklist items that should be considered before the start of a commercial demolition project and/or in the bid process. Important Considerations in the Phase of the demolition plan of large structures when decommissioning of nuclear facilities are Site knowledge and programs, Engineering survey/demolition plan, Hazardous and radioactive materials, Open air demolition, Financial and project management, Permits, Code adherence, and Special programs, Disposal pathway, Final site condition. The results of this study can be used as a basis for the Planning large structures demolition of the Kori unit 1 and Wolsong unit 1.

In our previous study, we developed a CFD thermal analysis model for a CANDU spent fuel dry storage silo. The purpose of this model is to reasonably predict the thermal behavior within the silo, particularly Peak Cladding Temperature (PCT), from a safety perspective. The model was developed via two steps, considering optimal thermal analysis and computational efficiency. In the first step, we simplified the complex geometry of the storage basket, which stored 2,220 fuel rods, by replacing it with an equivalent heat conductor with effective thermal conductivity. Detailed CFD analysis results were utilized during this step. In the second step, we derived a thermal analysis model that realistically considered the design and heat transfer mechanisms within the silo. We developed an uncertainty quantification method rooted in the widely adopted Best Estimate Plus Uncertainty (BEPU) method in the nuclear industry. The primary objective of this method is to derive the 95/95 tolerance limits of uncertainty for critical analysis outcomes. We initiated by assessing the uncertainty associated with the CFD input mesh and the physical model applied in thermal analysis. And then, we identified key parameters related to the heat transfer mechanism in the silo, such as thermal conductivity, surface emissivity, viscosity, etc., and determined their mean values and Probability Density Functions (PDFs). Using these derived parameters, we generated CFD inputs for uncertainty quantification, following the principles of the 3rd order Wilks’ formula. By calculating inputs, A database could be constructed based on the results. And this comprehensive database allowed us not only to quantify uncertainty, but also to evaluate the most conservative estimates and assess the influence of parameters. Through the aforementioned method, we quantified the uncertainty and evaluated the most conservative estimates for both PCT and MCT. Additionally, we conducted a quantitative evaluation of parameter influences on both. The entire process from input generation to data analysis took a relatively short period of time, approximately 5 days, which shows that the developed method is efficient. In conclusion, our developed method is effective and efficient tool for quantifying uncertainty and gaining insights into the behavior of silo temperatures under various conditions.

Kori unit 1, the first PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) in Korea, was permanent shut down in 2017. In Korea, according to the Nuclear Safety Act, the FDP (Final Decommissioning Plan) must be submitted within 5 years of permanent shutdown. According to NSSC Notice, the types, volumes, and radioactivity of solid radioactive wastes should be included in FDP chapter 9, Radioactive Waste Management, Therefore, in this study, the types depending on generation characteristics and radiological characterization methods and process of solid radioactive waste were analyzed. Solid radioactive waste depending on the characteristics of the generation was classified into reactor vessel and reactor vessel internal, large components, small metals, spent nuclear fuel storage racks, insulation, wires, concrete debris, scattering concrete, asbestos, mixed waste, soil, spent resins and filters, and dry active waste. Radiological characterization of solid radioactive waste is performed to determine the characteristics of radioactive contamination, including the type and concentration of radionuclides. It is necessary to ensure the representativeness of the sample for the structures, systems and components to be evaluated and to apply appropriate evaluation methods and procedures according to the structure, material and type of contamination. Therefore, the radiological characterization is divided into concrete and structures, systems and components, and reactor vessel, reactor vessel internal and bioshield concrete. In this study, the types depending on generation characteristics and radiological characterization methods and process of solid radioactive waste were analyzed. The results of this study can be used as a basis for the preparation of the FDP for the Kori unit 1.

Wolsong unit 1, the first PHWR (Pressurized Heavy Water Reactor) in Korea, was permanent shut down in 2019. In Korea, according to the Nuclear Safety Act, the FDP (Final Decommissioning Plan) must be submitted within 5 years of permanent shutdown. According to NSSC Notice, the types, volumes, and radioactivity of solid radioactive wastes should be included in FDP chapter 9, Radioactive Waste Management, Therefore, in this study, activation assessment and waste classification of the End shield, which is a major activation component, were conducted. MCNP and ORIGEN-S computer codes were used for the activation assessment of the End shield. Radioactive waste levels were classified according to the cooling period of 0 to 20 years in consideration of the actual start of decommissioning. The End shield consists of Lattice tube, Shielding ball, Sleeve insert, Calandria tube shielding sleeve, and Embedment Ring. Among the components composed for each fuel channel, the neutron flux was calculated for the components whose level was not predicted by preliminary activation assessment, by dividing them into three channel regions: central channel, inter channel, and outer channel. In the case of the shielding ball, the neutron flux was calculated in the area up to 10 cm close to the core and other parts to check the decrease in neutron flux with the distance from the core. The neutron flux calculations showed that the highest neutron flux was calculated at the Sleeve insert, the component closest to the fuel channel. It was found that the neutron flux decreased by about 1/10 to 1/20 as the distance from the core increased by 20 cm. The outer channel was found to have about 30% of the neutron flux of the center channel. It was found that no change in radioactive waste level due to decay occurred during the 0 to 20 years cooling period. In this study, activation assessment and waste classification of End Shield in Wolsong unit 1 was conducted. The results of this study can be used as a basis for the preparation of the FDP for the Wolsong unit 1.

The ambiguity of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) posed a challenge to many medical researchers in the early days after its discovery and continues to do so till date. The establishment of the Budapest Criteria of the International Association for the Study of Pain resolved certain queries on CRPS. Many aspects of CRPS, such as pathophysiology and etiology, remain unknown. Therefore, of these aspects, we focused on the genetic basis of CRPS. In this qualitative review, we summarized the recent findings on the genetic association of CRPS and analyzed the roles of genes identified in each study and limitations of the studies. In particular, we confirmed the reliability of each study by comparing the following research, which used the following control groups or the same candidate genes. Notably, specific phenotypes of CRPS with dystonia indicate a significant association with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ8. Further, HLA-DQ8, which is associated with aberrant CD4+ T-cell reaction, could be associated with CRPS etiology since an increased CD4+ T-cell population was reported in CRPS patients. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 found in genome-wide expression profiling is noteworthy since MMP-9 is associated with neuro-inflammatory reactions. Despite these suggestions on the genetic aspects of CRPS, the pathophysiology and etiology of CRPS may be polygenic and multifactorial, influenced by multiple genes and other factors. Further, some studies have suggested that CRPS phenotypes have different etiologies. Thus, further studies with the precise classification of CRPS on a unified basis and with a significant number of case groups are required

“A Concise History of International Law in China-Conflicts, Fusion, and Development” presents a panoramic view of international law in China. The book historically reviews the origin and development of international law in China, discusses China’s contribution to the theory and institutional innovation of contemporary international law, and looks forward to the future of international law in China and the world. More concretely, this book pays attention to the development history of China’s international law scholarship; closely follows the latest trends in China’s international law research; and guides further research. A careful review of the book will provide the readers with a panoramic view of the history of China’s international law. It is not only an important treatise on the history of international law in China but also an indispensable reference for theoretical and practical circles with bibliography.

Background: Ankle sprain is one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in the sports population or during usual daily life activities. The sprain can cause functional ankle instability (FAI), and it is very important to treat FAI. However, the optimum intervention method for FAI has yet to be determined. Objects: This study investigated the impact that virtual reality (VR) training program on balance with ankle kinesio taping for FAI. Methods: Twenty-two people were selected for the study and randomly divided into the experimental (n = 11) and the control group (n = 11). The experimental group had attached kinesio taping on the ankle and then implemented a virtual reality exercise program for 30 minutes a day. Nintendo Wii Fit Plus was used for the VR intervention three times a week for four weeks. The control group performed only two measurements without intervention. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in overall, anterior-posterior (AP), medial-lateral (ML) index of the static balance, and significant differences in overall, AP, ML index of the dynamic balance when taping and VR exercise were applied at the same time (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in overall and ML index of static and dynamic balance compared with before and after assessment between the experimental and the control group, and found differences in AP index of static and dynamic balance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Kinesio taping may not influence the balance of FAI as great as people expected. VR approach does not affect the static balance of FAI, but it influences dynamic balance in overall, AP, ML index. The authors suggest that VR-based exercises can be used as an additional concept in clinicians for FAI or as part of a home program because the exercises still have limitations.

예술은 미에 대한 추구이지만 동시에 참선과 유사한 목적을 가지는 행위이기도 하다. 즉 반복과 몰입을 통해 복잡한 생각을 덜어내고 스트레스를 경감시키는 기능을 가진다는 것이다. 예술 작품을 만드는 과정은 전체적으로 보면 굉장히 전문적이고 미적인 감각과 경험을 필요로 하지만, 그렇지 않은 부분도 엄연히 존재하며 그러한 부분이 요구하는 것은 대부분 단순한 반복적 행위들이다. 이 지점을 상품화시켜서 예술 작품을 상대적으로 단순하게 모사할 수 있도록 하는 제품들이 지속적으로 나오고 있으며, 이는 고도화된 사회에서의 스트레스를 보여주는 것이기도 하다. 이러한 유행에 힘입어 티베트 불교의 만다라나 젠탱글 등의 수행적 예술이 매체에서 소개되기도 하였다. 스트링 아트는 이와 유사하게 수행적인 성격을 가지며, 동시에 수학적인 요소를 가지고 있는 예술 표현 방식이다. 스트링 아트는 일정한 공간에서 실을 계속해서 연결시켜서 특정한 기하학적 무늬나 그림을 얻어내는 표현 방식인데, 이를 통해 정서적 안정을 얻고자 하는 목적으로 처음 개발 되었으나 현대에는 여러 작가들이 사용하는 작품적인 요소가 되었다. 게임과 같은 가상 환경에서 많은 사람들이 예술적 행위들을 하곤 하는데, 본 논문에서는 가상 환경에서도 스트링 아트와 같이 새로운 표현 양식을 적용할 수 있도록 표현 양식을 알고리즘화 시킨 사례를 찾아보고, 이를 재구성하여 어떻게 가상 환경에서 이를 적용할 것인지에 대하여 연구하였다. 또한 이를 통해 가상 환경에서도 심미적이고 수행적인 예술의 기능을 모사할 수 있음을 보였다.