Aligned with the recent shift in fruit consumption trends, there is a growing increase in the cultivation of these fruits. Thus, various types of small fruits, including blueberries, have recently been introduced and cultivated in Korea. According to the data, there has been a notable uptick in blueberry farming, in stark contrast to the decline in cultivation of black raspberries, black chokeberries, and blackcurrants. New varieties of blueberries continue to be introduced and cultivated, aligning with the recent consumption trends and are expected to be consistently cultivated in the future. Despite the decrease in the other berries, health benefits associated with all berries have ignited growing consumer interest, resulting in domestic and international market expansion. In conclusion, this research underscores the importance of identifying plant varieties that are well-suited to Korea's climatic conditions, validating efficient cultivation strategies, and establishing robust distribution networks to foster sustainable development in the berry industry.

In recent years, India has consistently increased its production of small fruits. India is the second-largest producer of fruits and vegetables globally, with a diverse range of small fruits grown across the country. Small fruits, such as kiwifruit and blueberries, are in high demand due to the growing popularity of healthier food options and increased awareness of their associated health benefits. However, the current status of small fruit production in India is substantially lower than that of other fruit crops. Nonetheless, there has been a growing interest in small fruit production, particularly in regions with suitable climatic conditions. Currently, only two types of small fruit are commercially produced in India: grapes and Indian jujube/ber. Three other fruit types, strawberries, blueberries, and kiwi, have production areas of less than 10,000 ha each. Despite the growing interest in small fruit production, several challenges, such as the lack of good planting materials, productivity issues, lack of packaging facilities, and marketing networks for farmers, need to be addressed to enhance the prospects for small fruit production in India. Future studies should focus on several areas to overcome these challenges. Firstly, it is crucial to understand the specific resource constraints that small fruit producers face and develop strategies to improve their access to essential resources, including planting materials, land, water, and financial support. Secondly, innovative marketing strategies tailored to the unique characteristics of small fruit production in India should be employed to expand domestic and international market opportunities. Lastly, adopting appropriate technologies and sustainable production practices is necessary to improve productivity and mitigate environmental impacts. Overall, the prospects for small fruit production in India appear promising, given the growing demand for healthier food options and the expanding domestic and international markets for small fruits.

The Indian gooseberry (Emblica officinalis), also known as aonla or amla, belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family and is native to India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand, and China. This fruit is gaining popularity globally because of its medicinal as well as nutraceutical properties. It is one of India's most integral commercial crops and is recognized for its nutritive, nutraceutical, and therapeutic value. India ranks first in the world in terms of cultivation and production, and it is mostly cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Himachal Pradesh. Over the past decade, the area covered by this fruit has increased to approximately 25,000 ha. The total area under production is approximately 93,000 ha, with an annual production of approximately 1,090 thousand metric tonnes of fruit. Although India has favorable climatic conditions for growing gooseberry, its cultivation and production remain challenging because of pests as well as diseases, which cause considerable damage. In this study, we discuss the current status of Indian gooseberry production, as well as the major insect pests in the gooseberry-growing regions of India.

1. 배는 인도의 주요 경제작물 중 하나로 북서부 지역과 북동부 고해발 지역에서 주로 재배되고 있다. 2. 인도는 세계에서 9번째의 배 생산 국가로, 재배면적은 1991년 19,000 ha에서 2019년 42,000 ha로 증가하여 28년간 약 2.2배가 증가하였다. 3. 배의 재배 면적과 생산량은 인도에서 생산되는 온대 과일 중 3위를 차지하고 있다. 4. 현재 배 재배면적은 매년 증가하고 있으며 약 500~1500 시간의 저온요구도 충족이 가능한 잠무와 카슈미르 북부지역, 히마찰프라데시주, 우타라칸주, 펀자브주 그리고 남부 타밀나 두주에서 주로 재배되고 있다. 5. 인도의 북서부와 동부의 고해발 지역은 다양한 품종의 배를 재배할 수 있는 좋은 기후 조건을 가지고 있지만, 병해충 발생으로 재배에 어려움이 나타나고 있다.

1. 감은 대만의 경제 과수 작물 중 하나로 세계 8위의 생산국이다. 1990년 재배면적은 1,650 ha 정도 였으나, 이후 빠르게 증가하여 2010년에는 5.348 ha로 약 20년 동안 3.2배 이상 늘었다. 2. 현재 떫은감의 재배면적은 약 1,000 ha 정도이고, 단감의 재배면적은 약 4,400 ha를 차지하고 있다. 생산량은 2000년까지는 평균 1.5~2.5만 톤 수준이었으나 2010년대 이후에는 평 균 6.7만 톤으로 3배 이상 증가하였다. 3. 최대 주산지는 타이중(Taizhong, 3,413 ha)으로 전체 생산 량의 약 67%를 차지하며, 기타 주산 지역은 자이(Chiayi, 469 ha), 미아오리(Miaoli, 473 ha), 신주(Hsinchu, 274 ha) 등으로 해발 800~1,100 m 이상의 산간 지역에서 재배되고 있다. 4. 대만 감의 출하 시기는 9월~12월 사이이나, 9~10월에 집 중하여 출하되고 있다. 9~10월에는 ‘Syh Jou’, ‘Bovine Heart’ 등 떫은감, 11~12월에는 ‘부유’, ‘차랑’, ‘화어소’ 등 단감 품종이 출하되고 있다. 5. 2010년 이후 감 생산량 증가에 따라 수입량은 줄어들고 있으며, 수출량은 늘어나고 있다. 주요 수입국은 일본, 뉴질랜드이며, 수출은 중국 홍콩 위주의 아시아지역을 대상으로 하고 있다. 6. 대만에서 감의 연구는 초기에는 재배 적지 선정과 떫은 감 품종의 탈삽을 위한 연구가 수행되었으며, 최근에는 조생종 품종 육성을 위한 연구가 수행되고 있다.

최근에 감에서 떫은맛을 조절하는 AST에 연관된 지역에서 분자 표지들이 개발되었다. 이중에서 sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker는 5R region에 인접한 지역에서 개발되었다. 하지만 이 SCAR마커는 분석 방법이 다소 복잡하고 해석이 어려워 많은 교배실생을 분석할 경우에는 적합하지 않다. 우리는 5R 지역의 sequences에 기반하여 high-resolution melting (HRM)-based 분자 표지를 개발하였다. 개발된 HRM preimer set을 8개 품종의 단감 및 떫은감에 대해 적용한 결과 단감 품종에서는 직선을 나타낸 반면 떫은감 품종에서는 다양한 크기의 곡선으로 나타나서 차이를 확인할 수 있었다. 결과적으로 이번 연구에서 개발된 HRM primer set은 분자 표지를 활용한 감 품종 육성 연구에 매우 효율적으 로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

대만의 소과류 작물의 생산량은 적지만 생산 시스템은 매우 발달이 되어있다. 2017년 기준 대만 내 소과류 전체 재배면적은 2826.6 ha로 이 중 포도(500.33 ha)와, 딸기(67.56 ha)가 가장 많이 재배되고 있다. 다음으로는 오디나무 (Morus alba L.), 베이베리 (Myrica rubra Sieb. et Zucc.), 인도 구스베리(Phyllanthus emblica L.) 순으로 재배가 많이 되고 있다. 현재 대만은 새로운 품종 육성과 재배 시스템 개발을 위해 많은 노력을 기울이고 있는데 최근 블루베리를 대상으로 대만 기후에 적합한 저온요구도가 낮은 품종을 육종 중에 있으며 또한 포도와 딸기는 연중 생산이 가능한 재배법이 개발이 되어 농가에 보급되었다. 대만은 40년 이상 생과 위주의 포도 품종으로 생산을 하였으나, 최근에는 와인용 포도 품종 등을 육종 연구가 지속적으로 이루어지고 있다.

본 연구는 배 유기재배 과수원에서 그물망과 정향유물을 처리하였을 때 큰검정풍뎅이에 의한 잎 피해를 예방할 수 있는지 확인하고자 수행 되었다. 2017년 6월 하순에 보성과 함평의 배 과수원에서 그물망, 그물망 + 정향유, 무처리구 등 3처리구를 두고 큰검정풍뎅이 밀도와 잎 피해율을 조사하였다. 또한 그물망 설치 위치를 달리하여 과수원 외부, 평덕시설의 상부, 평덕시설의 하부에 그물망을 설치하여 포획된 성충 개체수를 계수하였다. 그 결과 그물망 처리구에서 20.4~34.7%, 그물망 + 정향유 혼합처리구에서 21.1~38.1% 수준으로 무처리구보다 낮은 성충수가 포 획되었다. 또한 그물망 설치위치에 따른 포획 개체수는 수관하부 설치구 대비 과수원 외곽은 10.9~14.3배, 수관 상부는 5.1~9.1배로 더 많이 포획되었다. 처리구별 잎 피해율을 조사 한 결과 두 지역 모두 무처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 그물망, 그물망 + 정향유 처리구에서 잎 피해율이 낮았다. 따라서 큰검정풍뎅이에 의한 잎 피해를 예방하기 위해 그물망을 외곽에 처리하는 것이 실용적 대안이라고 판단된다.

Pear is a representative fruit crop of high economic value in Taiwan. The pear varieties, cultivated in Taiwan are of Asian-type. The total amount of planted pears declined to 5,575 ha, and the production volume was 134,549 tons in Taiwan. The major pear cultivation areas were located Taichung (3,649 ha) these a amount to 65% of the total pear cultivation areas There are three production systems; the first system could be broadly categorized into Japanese pears, whose cultivars grown in high-altitude areas, and the second and third systems were used lower chilling requirement pear and top-grafted pear production method in the low-altitude area. Top graft pear, the main pear production system of Taiwan, is a unique pear production system in the world. Pear fruits were produced by grafting the scions, whose flower buds differentiations were completed in the high-altitude area of Taiwan, Japan or China. These flower buds were grafted on the water sprout of ‘Hengshan’ in the low-altitude areas from January to February. In other to use top-graft, the large amount of scion imports from Japan and china. Top-grafting pears could be harvested from early May, and their harvesting periods were from June to July. The Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute and the Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station have developed low-chilling requirement Varieties that can be grown in low-altitude areas; Such as ‘Tainung No. 1, No. 2, No. 3’, ‘Taichung No. 1, No. 2, No. 3’. In high-altitude areas, the main variety of cultivated is ‘Shinseiki’, and Low-altitude areas, the main varieties cultivated are ‘Housi’ and ‘shinko’.

This was carried out to develop a chromosome-doubled (12x) persimmon that will be used as a crossing parent to select seedless persimmon cultivars with the change of the consumption trend recently. To obtain a chromosome-doubled (12x) persimmon, colchicine was applied at the meristem of seedlings in vitro derived from cross among hexaploid persimmon (Diopyros kaki Thunb.). These were treated with 0.03%, 0.05% and 0.1% colchicine respectively for doubling chromosome, and it was most effective at the concentration of 0.05% colchicine. After colchicine treatment, we conducted tests to elucidate conditions for inducing shoot and root development. As the result, the shoots grew best when cultivated at 1/2MS media plus 10 and 30 μM zeatin respectively, and the roots grew best when cultivated at 1/2MS media after dipping for 5 seconds at 10 mM NAA+5% DMSO. We also compared seedlings that have chromosome (6x) do not doubled and crossing parents (6x) and chromosome-doubled seedlings (12x). As the result, these chromosome-doubled seedlings (12x) showed lower stomatal density and larger stomatal size.

We compared the fruit set and the quality of the ‘Niitaka’ pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) among flowers pollinated by two bee species (Apis mellifera and Bombus terrestris) and pollinated artificial. The artificial pollination rate was 1.3 to 1.9 times higher than the bee pollination rate. Moreover, the artificially pollinated flowers produced fruit that was 5 to 10% higher in weight, 2 to 3% larger in size, and had a higher fruit shape index (L/D) than fruit pollinated by the bees. On economic analysis, net profit from insect pollinator was 93.5 to 97.1% of net profit from artificial pollination. Therefore, artificial pollination is more efficient than bee pollination in ‘Niitaka’ pear. However, regarding fruit quality and net profit, these results suggest that bee pollination can be an good alternative to artificial pollination in ‘Niitaka’ pear.