In this study, the quality characteristics were compared by substituting allulose with a ratio of 0-40% instead of sugar used in dacquoise. The specific gravity and pH of the dacquoise dough were not significantly different, regardless of the allulose content. The spreadability was the highest in the sample using only sugar and decreased as the allulose content increased. Moisture content did not show a significant difference, the baking loss was the highest in the sample using 100% sugar, and there was no significant difference in the samples replaced with allulose. As a result of measuring the chromaticity of dacquoise, the L value and b value decreased and the a value showed a significant difference between the samples as the amount of substitution of allulose increased. Hardness increased as the replacement amount of allulose increased, while gumminess and chewiness showed similar trends. As a result of the sensory evaluation, the overall acceptability for the substitute sample of 100% sugar and 10% allulose was the highest. The maximum substitution ratio of allulose for dacquoise is considered to be 10%.

In this study, the quality properties were compared by replacing allulose with a ratio of 0%-100% instead of sugar used in sponge cake. There was no significant difference in specific gravity, pH, and degree Brix of the dough according to the allulose content, but the brightness decreased and the redness, and yellowness increased as the allulose content increased. The volume of the sponge cake decreased as the content of allulose increased. Symmetry was uniform in the cakes replaced with allulose compared to 100% sugar. There was no significant difference in baking loss and moisture content. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness increased as the replacement rate of allulose increased, and adhesiveness was highest in 100% allulose. In the hedonic evaluation, 100% sugar and allulose 25% samples showed no difference, and the other samples were evaluated lower than the control. The maximum replacement ratio of allulose for sponge cake is considered to be 50%.

Feral cats are widely considered to be leading the potential impacts on public health. This study aimed to provide estimates of vital data for feral cats relating Trap-Neuter-Return (TNR) to establish strategies effectively to manage feral cats in Pyeongtaek. Thus, this study focused on estimating feral cat population in Pyeongtaek and conducted a comparative analysis of the data for feral cats in Seoul (2013). The number of feral cats was estimated from 23,069 to 26,655 in Pyeongtaek, 2019. In relation to human population, when comparing the number of feral cats of Pyeongtaek and Seoul, it ranged from 4.57% to 5.28%, and from 1.97% to 2.55% respectively. This showed that Pyeongtaek was higher than Seoul. Fewer kittens were found in high-density areas, which the TNR project is believed to be generally effective in controlling the number of feral cats. In conclusion, in urban and rural complexes such as Pyeongtaek City, the number of feral cats compared to the population was higher than that of Seoul City, and the TNR program is believed to be somewhat effective in controlling the number of feral cats. When implementing TNR, it is necessary periodically to investigate the population and reflect them in policymaking.

The recent development of modern weapon system by SOS (System of System) has required users to have more exact decision making. It is possible to achieve the control of complex weapon system more efficiently and effectively by increasing usability. Accordingly, many studies on graphical display have been conducted for several years in the field of HCI (Human Computer Interaction) and GUI (Graphic User Interface), starting from its design stage. Therefore, this paper focuses on evaluating the system GUI usability and analyzing several important points based on performance model, which is a tool for the evaluation and the improvement of service quality. Performance Model, the main focus of this study, reflects user expectations (which is defined as user importance in this paper). The study consists of four steps. First, 34 checklists are drawn from the existing studies related to GUI usability evaluation by using a heuristic method, and then the checklists are matched with 11 weapon system design factors. Next, the study evaluates the importance of GUI element and the usability of weapon system “A” with the checklists twice respectively. Third, the performance of user importance (Pi) and the performance of usability (Pu) are calculated by modifying a numerical formula for normalization in this step. Finally, the study compares the approach it takes and the existing usability evaluation method, demonstrating that there is a significant difference between the two methods as a result. In addition, 4 improvement factors are suggested for weapon system “A” as “Shortcut” and “Description of Abbreviation,” and so on. Although it is necessary to conduct more studies for higher reliability and validity of the results, this study is meaningful considering it takes a new point of view.

This study investigated consumer perception and purchase behavior regarding Han-gwa (traditional Korean confection) in housewives residing in the Seoul and Gyeonggi area. This study was conducted by self-administered questionnaires. Out of 839 questionnaires, 713 questionnaires (85.0%) were used for statistical analyses including frequency analysis, the Chisquare, and one-way ANOVA. Based on the data collected, independence variables were divided less than 40 years (<40), 40s, 50 years or higher (50) by age. The major findings were as follows; Firstly, 72.1% of the total respondents had the experience of purchasing Han-gwa. Gangjeong was the most popular item among purchased. As the purpose of purchasing, holiday gift and snack was on the highest rank. Hypermarkets / discount stores (48.9%) was the most common place for the place of purchase. Secondly, there was a significant difference in the perception of Han-gwa by age; respondents aged 50 years or older showed more positive perception in Han-gwa in 3 factors among total of 11 factors. Thirdly, for the popularization of Han-gwa, ‘too sweet taste (44.2%)’ and ‘small portion size (22.9%)’ were pointed to be improved by respondents. Results of this study indicate that 1) Yu-gwa and Yak-gwa require new product development based on age segmentation, and health and food safety are important variables considered when housewives purchase Han-gwa.

This paper examines 38 qualitative case studies, published from 2007 to 2009, to critically review whether the core notions of qualitative inquiry have been realized in the articles published within last three years. Based on the integrated criteria of evaluation from several researchers, one can conclude that most of the participating case studies in this study lack negative case analyses, which challenge researcher's hypotheses or beliefs. As a result, the credibility of the researchers’ interpretations is seriously threatened. In addition, the notion of triangulation has still not been represented, although participating researchers claim that they did collect data from a variety of sources in their studies. To reach a credible conclusion, all researchers would agree that negative case analysis and data triangulation are not options but necessary conditions, especially in case studies. To fill the gap between the qualitative researchers’ awareness of these standards and their failure to represent the results in incorporated and systematic ways, the researcher of this study postulates that adopting a computer assisted qualitative data analysis system (CAQDAS) may not only enhance the quality of analysis, but make the writing process less complicated.

In the language class combined with "creative drama", one of the approaches in educational theatre, the stories told by a teacher are organically developed into an original drama with several drama techniques. Even though there are some research studies on using creative drama in the ESL context, there are few in the EFL situation. Therefore, this study presents the result of a study investigating how creative drama affects young language learners" English learning in a Korean primary school. An English drama class, at after-school program in Seoul, combined with creative drama had been observed once a week for a semester. Seven first graders in the class were presented with 6 different stories, which contain certain phonemes each and dramatized the stories in a creative way. They were assessed through pre-and post- tests and surveys in terms of their linguistic improvements and affective changes and analyzed quantitatively. In addition, participants were individually analyzed according to their characteristics in linguistic and affective aspects by using field notes from classroom observation and interviews. The results show that participants made progress in linguistic aspects including phonics and vocabulary skills and that their affective factors including language anxiety level had shown a positive development throughout the semester. Moreover, each participant showed particular characteristics respectively in terms of linguistic and affective perspectives.

This study investigates the concentration distribution of aldehydes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the archive of the National Library in Korea and evaluates the health risks to workers from hazardous chemicals. Acetaldehyde had the highest concentration among the nine species of aldehydes present in the archive and the concentration of toluene was the highest among the six species of VOCs. Most of the detected substances showed that their indoor concentrations were higher than the outdoor ones, suggesting the possibility of indoor sources of aldehydes and VOCs. The evaluation of health risks for workers based on these measurement results showed that not all substances were hazardous to the human body. However, considering the possibility of the presence of indoor sources and the potential limits of our study owing its short period, it is necessary to conduct long-term studies on the concentration distribution of indoor pollutants in the archive environment.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze franchise coffee shop service quality factors based on pilot research. In the proposed analysis, store atmosphere is added as one of the service quality factors. We aim to examine how franchise coffee shop service quality and store atmosphere influence customer satisfaction and loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology – Data was collected from 482 Korean coffee shop franchises and analyzed using frequency analysis, reliability/validity assessments, correlation analysis, and regression analysis with the software program SPSS 19.0. Results – The results are as follows. First, taste is revealed to be the most influential factor among components that have an impact on service quality. Second, taste also turned out to have the most impact on service quality among components influencing customer loyalty. Last, customer satisfaction affected customer loyalty. Conclusions – This study’s findings show that taste was the most influential factor on service quality. The conclusion here is that most of the coffee shop customers are very familiar with coffee taste and this is influencing their loyalty.