고위험해충의 국내 유입 및 발생 여부를 조사하기 위한 예찰협력 네트워크 구성을 위해 7개 대학(경상대학교, 군산대학교, 서울대학교, 순천대학교, 안동대학교, 제주대학교, 충북대학교)이 참여하여 고위험해충 9종(Aceria diospyri, 오리엔탈과실파리(Bactrocera dorsalis), 일본과실 파리(Bactrocera minax), Bactrocera tsuneonis, 코드린나방(Cydia pomonella), 포도애기잎말이나방(Lobesia botrana), Proeulia sp., 붉은불개미 (Solenopsis invicta), Stephanitis takeyai)에 대한 예찰조사를 2018년 6월부터 10월까지 실시하였다. 전국을 7개 권역으로 구분한 뒤, 105개 지역 내 315개 지점에서 총 7,560개의 트랩운용/달관조사를 실시하였으며, 조사결과 A. diospyri, 오리엔탈과실파리, 일본과실파리, B. tsuneonis, C. pomonella, 포도애기잎말이나방, Proeulia sp., 붉은불개미, S. takeyai는 발견되지 않았다. 본 조사 연구를 통하여 고위험해충을 조기 탐지할 수 있는 전국단위의 감시체계를 구축하였으며, 국경 이후 외래침입해충들의 예찰조사를 위한 거점 지역을 확보하였다.

수입되는 서양뒤영벌과 그에 대한 화분매개 대체안들을 비교 평가하기 위해 증분이익을 추정하여 분석하였다. 분석결과, 판매수익에서 공통 생산원가를 차감한 증분수익은 인공수분을 사용할 때보다 화분매개곤충을 사용할 때 더 많았으며, 증분원가는 수입산 서양뒤영벌이나 꿀벌을 사용할 때보다 국내산 서양뒤영벌이나 인공수분을 사용할 때 더 적었다. 각 대안별 증분이익을 살펴보면, 수입산 서양뒤영벌 46,801 백만원, 국내산 서양뒤영벌 47,170 백만원, 꿀벌 46,975 백만원, 인공수분 29,839 백만원 이었다. 증분이익은 각 대안을 선택했을 경우 얻을 수 있는 회계적 이윤을 의미한다. 다만, 회계적 이윤 전부를 화분매개 대안이 기여한 것으로 볼 수 없으며, 귀속지대나 정상이윤과 같은 잠재적 비용이 포함되어 있다. 잠재적 비용에 해당하는 기회원가를 고려할 때, 수입산 서양뒤영벌을 사용하는 대안은 경제적 손실이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 과수⋅작물 생산농가가 수입산 서양뒤영벌을 사용하는 대신 다른 대체안을 선택할 경우 추가적인 경제적 이윤을 창출할 수 있음을 의미한다.

Invasive exotic insects are rapidly increasing and spreading in a short period of time, threatening the ecosystem. Now, we need technology to monitor the dispersal of exotic insects and to strengthen the ecosystem risk assessment. The United States, Europe, and other countries are fully equipped with a biological control system for threats to biodiversity through systematic investigation and database construction, but Korea is not. Risk assessment and development of a dispersal/change prediction model are essential to maintain a safe ecosystem from invasive exotic species. This research group is carrying out a study to minimize the ecological damage by developing a prediction model of dispersal/change for invading alien insect species, a risk assessment technology and a response manual for management. I would like to look into the current state of exotic insect invasion through this small group meeting, and look for directions to study in the future.

고위험해충에 대한 국내 유입/발생 여부를 상시 조사하고, 조기 대응하는 전국 민·관·학 예찰협력 네트워크 구성을 위하여, 고위험해충 11종(Bactrocera dorsalis, Solenopsis invicta, Cydia pomonella, Drosophila suzukii, Bactrocera depressa, Lobesia botrana, Proeulia sp., Aceria diospyri, Stephaitis takeyai, Bactrocera minax, Bactrocera tsuneonis)에 대하여 7개 대학(경상대학교, 군산대학교, 서울대학교, 순천대학교, 안동대학교, 제주대학교, 충북대학교)이 참여한 전국 권역별 예찰조사를 2018년 6월부터 10월까지 실시하였다. 조사결과, B. dorsalis, S. invicta, C. pomonella은 발견되지 않았으며, D. suzukii (3,584개체), B. depressa (21개체) 채집되었다. 포도, 단감, 감귤의 유입우려해충(L. botrana, P. sp., A. diospyri, S. takeyai, B. minax, B. tsuneonis)은 발견되지 않았다. 본 조사연구를 통하여, 고위험해충을 조기 탐색할 수 있는 7개 대학을 통한 전국단위의 감시체계를 구축하였고, 수출단지 상대국우려병해충 및 수출품목에 대한 정밀 예찰과 관리를 통한 수출지원, 국경 이후 병해충 예찰․관리를 위한 거점 확보의 성과를 이루었다.

The genus Aphidius is the most commercially available species in greenhouse control, especially for aphids. Although twelve species were recorded in Korea, we collected 7 species including 2 unrecorded and 1 unidentified species. We aligned 16 sequences, except for duplicates, from 31 individuals of 14 species including GenBank sequences, and made phylogenetic tree based on Neighbor-Joining method. Surprisingly, 3 species were clustered into a clade and some species was not monophyletic. In this study, we reconstructed phylogenetic tree of Korean Aphidius species using COI marker, and compared them with GenBank sequences. In addition, we try to experiment a new marker and check its ability of discrimination.

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), commonly called the Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), originally from South Asia, is a major pest in orchards. Recently, chemical control was applied to prevent the SWD in cultivated fields, but it was not much effective because D. suzukii tended to avoid place where insecticide was treated, to reproduce in wild field, and then to recolonize neighboring cultivated fields. In contrast to chemical control, biological control can reduce these problems by using natural enemies who attack the D. suzukii. Some species of genus Asobara (Hymenoptera; Braconidae; Alysiinae) are parasitoids of Drosophila, and, In South Korea, there are 3 species recorded parasitizing in D. suzukii. In this study, we used morphological characters and mitochondrial COI gene to identify Asobara species. As a result, one species was found as a possible parasitoid of D. suzukii.

One species of the genus Ephedrus Haliday, 1833 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidinae) is recognized in this study. The Ephedrus genus is known to 72 species worldwide. Of these, 16 species were reported in Korea. This genus is parasitic to groups of aphids and their relatives. Additionally, this genus is very similar to genus Toxares Haliday, 1840 in the morphology, but there is no difficulty in sympathy because there are certain morphological differences. In this study, Ephedrus blattnyi Starý, 1973 is recognized for the first time in South Korea. Information on this species has not been widely known yet. Descriptions, diagnosis distribution and illustration are provided.

Origin of the red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta) is South America, a tropical climate region. It has settled in the invasive area, causing various problems. In recent, colonies of Solenopsis invicta were discovered in Busan in 2017, and then in Busan, Pyongtaek, Incheon, Daegu and Ansan in 2018. This study aims to validate 31 microsatlite loci referred from previous study for tracing origin of Solenopsis invicta colonies. We tried to test previously developed microsatellite loci so that we establish the protocol for molecular epidemiology of RIFA. We applied 31 microsatellite loci to DNA samples from the RIFA colonies found in Texas and Florida, USA. We will present 31 markers were divided into three injections and the amplification rate for each marker was shown as follows.

In the 21st century, the risk of the exotic pest being invaded is increasing due to the rise of trading activities. Oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been considered to very destructive invader as it is highly intrusive and has a wide host range. In this study, 2,299 samples were collected from 88 locations in 12 countries by quarantine and investigation. Among them, 608 individuals (including B. correcta) were used for COI DNA barcoding analysis based on Neighbor Joining method with P-distance model. Population genetics analysis was conducted for 510 individuals selected from 47 locations of 12 Southeast Asian countries using 15 microsatellite loci. The barcoding analysis resulted in that any clade was not clustered according to a geographical isolation but indicated geographically mixed populations. Population genetics analysis showed shared genetic structure between neighboring countries across borders. Genetic structure of most Korean quarantine groups was more similar to that of Taiwan, China and Thailand in the order of appearance than other countries.

The morphological identification of alate aphids needs reliable and appropriate methods such as morphometrics. In previous studies, the seven species which aphids have been known as migrating to potato had been separated into genus levels using specific points of forewing vein (Landmarks). Adding the number of secondary sensillum of antennae, setae of abdomen, etc., we experimented to separate four species of genus Aphis (Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis spiraecola). After taking each of 25X twenty photographies of four species, we calculated and measured coordinates of landmarks, the number of secondary sensillum of antennae, dorsal setae of 8th abdominal segment, anterior/posterior genital plate setae and cauda, and then performed the principal component analysis using PAST3 and the canonical variate analysis using MORPHO J, only with a landmarks. As results, in PCA, Aphis gossypii has been separated, but the others are overlapping. In CVA, all species of aphis has been separated.

Two infamous ant species, red imported fire ant (RIFA, Solenopsis invicta) and tropical fire ant (TFA, S. geminata), originated from South America are invading and harming many countries around the world. Among them, RIFA, known as one of the 100 world’s worst invasive alien species, has been discovered in South Korea; in Busan (Gamman CT) in 2017, and subsequently in Busan (Hutchison CT), Pyongtaek, Incheon and Daegu in 2018. With these relentless introduction of RIFA, South Korea is not safe no more from these ants and faces a risk of settlement. Our research goal is tracing the country origin of invasive populations of RIFA and TFA based on molecular epidemiological approach. We are conducting both microsatellite and genome-wide SNP analyses in order to derive a complementary interpretation. These two methodologies are expected to result in improved resolution in population genetics analysis. Nevertheless, this work needs collaboration of many countries belonging to the range of origin and invasion of RIFA and TFA. We will briefly introduce our research project and progress of collaboration research.

고치벌과에 속하는 Helconinae아과의 Schizoprymnus terebralis (Snoflák, 1953)을 한국에서 처음으로 보고한다. 본 종의 재기재, 진단, 숙주 정보 그리고 삽화를 제공한다.

Origin of Red imported fire ant (RIFA : Solenopsis invicta) is Central America, a tropical climate region. It has settled in the invasive area, causing various problems. In recent, Solenopsis invicta were discovered in Busan in 2017 and then in 2018 at a construction site in Busan, Pyongtaek, Incheon and in Daegu. This study aims to confirm the origin of invasive colonies of Solenopsis invicta. We tried to test previously developed microsatellite markers so that we establish the tracing protocol for molecular epidemiology of RIFA. We justified 66 microsatellite markers already developed using DNA from the RIFA found in Incheon Harbor. As results, 30 markers were selected to facilitate amplification and fragment analysis.

Lysiphlebus orientalis is previously recorded in 2010, which is a more recently recorded than Lysiphlebia japonica. Host range of Lysiphlebus orientalis range is narrow, while that of Lysiphlebia japonica is very broad. Although two species, Lysiphlebus orientalis and Lysiphlebia japonica, are belonged to different genus, respectively, they are morphologically similar each other, which make us confused. Therefore, we have to identify these two cryptic species using COI DNA barcode. We used the ‘NCBI-BLAST (National center for biotechnology information-Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)’ to perform COI DNA barcode identification, and introduce preliminary results in this presentation.

One species of the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidinae) is recognized in this study. The genus Aphidius is a large braconid group distributed in the European, Palaearctic and Oriental regions, which includes currently 61 species in South Korea. This genus mainly parasitizes aphids. In this study, Aphidius transcaspicus Telenga, 1958 is recognized for the first time in South Korea. Historically, Aphidius transcaspicus is complexed with Aphidius collemani species complex. Descriptions, diagnosis distribution and illustration are provided.