본 연구는 경상북도 안동시와 영양군의 고추 주산지를 대상으로 고추 품종의 생육 특성과 수량을 조사하고 SIMPLE 작물모델의 예측 성능을 평가하기 위해 수행되었다. 시험에는 기존 품종 2개와 신육성 품종 5개를 포함한 총 7개 품종이 사용되었으며, 육종가가 제공한 성능 자료를 바탕으로 적응형(adaptive)과 회복형(resilience) 그룹 으로 분류하였다. 2019년부터 2023년까지의 기온 자료를 분석한 결과 두 지역 간 기후 차이는 미미하였으며, 두 지 점 모두 작기 종료 시점에 약 1,800°C·day의 GDD가 누적되었다. 적응형 품종은 밀집형 수관 구조와 더 많은 영양 생장 바이오매스를 나타낸 반면, 회복형 품종은 개방형 수관 구조와 신장된 절간을 보였다. 생식효율의 지역적 차 이가 뚜렷하여, 안동에서는 두 그룹의 최종 수량이 유사하였으나 영양에서는 적응형 품종의 수량이 유의하게 높았 다. SIMPLE 모델은 잎 노화 및 성숙과실로의 동화산물 재분배에 따른 작기 후반부 바이오매스 감소를 반영하기 위 해 1차 감쇠항(first-order decay term)을 도입하여 수정되었다. 캘리브레이션 결과 두 지역에서 서로 다른 매개변수 세트가 도출되었으며, 안동은 빠른 초기 생장, 높은 광이용효율, 낮은 내고온성을, 영양은 점진적 생장, 높은 내고온 성, 높은 수확지수를 특징으로 하였다. 모델 성능은 지점-품종 조합에 따라 상당한 변이를 보였으며, 이는 예측 정확 도가 품종 특성과 미환경 조건 간 상호작용에 의해 결정됨을 시사하였다. 한국의 다양한 고추 생산환경에서 모델의 강건성과 전이성을 향상시키기 위해서는 지역 특이적 캘리브레이션과 기계론적으로 개선된 노화 모듈이 필수적이 며, 다년차·다지점 검증과 불확실성 분석이 향후 우선 과제로 제시된다.

Valerianella radiata (L.) Dufr., which is native to North America, was newly found in Gyeonggi-do and Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. This species can be distinguished from other Valerianella species in Korea by its white flowers, and the fertile fruit locule lacks a corky mass on the abaxial surface. V. radiata grows on slopes and roadsides, suggesting that it is likely to have been introduced when green sites were installed and during road construction. Its introduction into Japan has been reported, but the associated ecological risk is unknown. Here, we provide a detailed morphological description, taxonomic key to related taxa, voucher specimens, photographs, and distribution maps of its habitat.

목적: 태양광을 모사한 D65 광원과 동일한 색온도의 LED6500K 광원 하에서 색보임 차이를 비교하고, 연령 및 성별에 따른 색채구별 능력의 차이를 알아보고자 한다. 방법 : 성인 100명을 대상으로 두 광원 조건에서 Farnsworth-Munsell 100 색상검사를 실시하고, 산출된 TES(Total Error Score)를 광원, 연령, 성별에 따라 분석하였다. 결과 : 전체 대상자의 TES는 LED6500K 광원에서 D65 광원보다 높게 나타났으며, 20~30대에서 광원 변화에 크게 반응하였다. 연령에 따라 두 광원 모두에서 50~60대의 TES가 높았고, 동일 광원 내 연령 비교에서는 D65 광 원에서 증가폭이 더 컸다. 성별에 따른 차이는 대부분 유의하지 않았다. 결론 : LED6500K 광원은 D65 광원에 비해 색보임 오류가 다소 크지만, 기존 실내 광원보다 우수하여 실내 환경 에 적합하다. 색채구별 능력은 연령 증가에 따라 저하되며, 청년층은 광원 변화에 더 민감하게 반응하는 경향이 있 어 주의가 필요하다. 본 연구는 다양한 인구 집단의 색보임 특성을 이해하는 데 기초자료를 제공하며, 고객 응대와 제품 진열뿐 아니라 안경사 교육 자료로도 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Bone-related diseases (e.g., osteoporosis) represent a significant health challenge, prompting research for effective therapeutic agents, particularly from natural sources. The edible mushroom, Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii has attracted interest due to its wide range of biological activities. Cytotoxicity assays revealed no significant toxicity of the M. aitchisonii water extract (MAWE) up to 50 μg/mL. MAWE significantly promoted dose-dependent osteoblast differentiation with ALP activity and mineralization increase by 109.17 % and 23 %, respectively, compared with the differentiation-only group. Moreover, MAWE significantly upregulated osteoblast-related gene expressions, including that of type I collagen (COL1A), osterix (Osx), and osteopontin (OPN). Furthermore, MAWE treatment significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation. This effect was further confirmed by demonstrating that the AMPK inhibitor compound C suppressed AMPK phosphorylation, and subsequent MAWE treatment restored it. In summary, these results demonstrate that MAWE possesses potent osteoblast differentiation-promoting efficacy, primarily through AMPK signaling pathway activation.

Background: The poultry industry experiences genetic losses due to recurring infectious diseases, necessitating effective preservation strategies. Nitric oxide plays a crucial role in male reproduction, and optimal NO (nitric oxide) levels may enhance sperm viability. This study investigated the effects of SNAP (S-nitroso-Nacetylpenicillamine) on the longevity of rooster sperm. Methods: Semen was diluted with Beltsville Poultry Semen Extender-I containing 0 or 25 μM SNAP and stored at 10°C. Sperm motility and acrosome integrity were assessed at 1, 3, and 7 days. NO levels were quantified by DAF-FM diacetate and AI trials were evaluated by fertility and hatchability. Results: On day 1, sperm motility in the SNAP 25 μM-treated group was significantly higher than in the control. NO quantification confirmed that SNAP-treated semen exhibited higher NO levels. For fertilization and hatchability assessment, hens were divided into two groups based on the presumed duration sperm resided in sperm storage tubules. Before artificial insemination, the sperm was preserved at low temperature (10°C) to maintain viability. Fertilization rates were significantly higher in the SNAP-treated group in both short-term and long-term SST storage conditions. However, hatchability was only significantly improved in the SNAP-treated group when fertilization occurred after extended storage. Conclusions: These findings suggest that NO enhances sperm viability and fertility in poultry semen stored at low temperatures. SNAP 25 μM enhances AI efficiency by maintaining sperm viability and extending fertilization potential. Further research is needed to refine NO-based fertility enhancement strategies for avian species.

Photometric and spectroscopic observations of GV Leo were performed from 2017 to 2024. The light curves show a flat bottom at the primary eclipse and the conventional O’Connell effect. The echelle spectra reveal that the effective temperature and rotation velocity of the more massive secondary are Teff,2 = 5220 ± 120 K and v2 sin i = 223 ± 40 kms−1, respectively. Our binary modeling indicates that the program target is a W-subclass contact binary with a mass ratio of q = 5.48, an inclination angle of i = 81.◦68, a temperature difference of (Teff,1 − Teff,2) = 154 K, and a filling factor of f = 36%. The light asymmetries were reasonably modeled by a dark starspot on the secondary’s photosphere. Including our 26 minimum epochs, 84 times of minimum light were used to investigate the orbital period of the system. We found that the eclipse times of GV Leo have varied by a sinusoid with a period of 14.9 years and a semi-amplitude of 0.0076 days superimposed on a downward parabola. The periodic modulation is interpreted as a light time effect produced by an unseen outer tertiary with a minimum mass of 0.26 M⊙, while the parabolic component is thought to be a combination of mass transfer (secondary to primary) and angular momentum loss driven by magnetic braking. The circumbinary tertiary would have caused the eclipsing pair of GV Leo to evolve into its current short-period contact state by removing angular momentum from the primordial widish binary.

Because intact FMDV particles (146S) are often unstable in vitro, stabilizing foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigens remains a key challenge in studying viral charateristics. Therefore, finding optimal condition to stabilize the FMDV is essential. In this study, we investigated formulations and potentials of several stabilizers such as appropriate buffer, excipients, and storage conditions to enhance the stability of 146S. Inactivated FMDV O-Jincheon (O-JC) was dissolved in various buffer formulations, and stored at 4℃ for two months to evaluate quantity of 146S at every 2-week interval. Among phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Tris buffered saline (TBS), HEPES buffered saline (HBS), and MOPS buffered saline (MBS), PBS showed more effective 146S stabilization that showed 1.3-1.6 fold higher 146S fraction than TBS, HBS, and MBS after storage for 2 weeks. However, constant dissociations of 146S were observed in all formulations at 8 weeks. Compared with other FMDVs, A22 Iraq and SAT-1, in PBS, O-JC proved to be the least stable in PBS. A variety of excipients including carbohydrate, sugar alcohol, cryo-protectant were tested for the capability in protecting O-JC from dissociation. By adding 4-8% sucrose, more than 60% of 146S fractions were maintained at 8 weeks, those were at least 1.8 fold higher than the PBS-only control. Addition of 1% β-cyclodextrin showed synergistic enhancement in O-JC stability. As the results of this study, it could be suggested that the PBS-based buffer together with 4-8% sucrose + 2% sorbitol or 2% sucrose + 2% sorbitol + 1% β-cyclodextrin could help the better stability of the O-JC in vaccine preparation.