본 연구에서는 약용식물 추출물을 함유한 숙취해소 음료가 항산화 및 알코올 분해에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여, 약용식물 추출물의 총 페놀성화합물 함량, 총 플라보노이드 함량 및 DPPH radical 소거활성 및 ALDH(aldehyde dehydrogenase) 활성을 측정하였고, 약용식물 추출물을 함유한 숙취해소 음료의 복용이 음주 후 호흡 중 알코올 농도에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 항산화활성은 빼빼목 추출물 에서 높은 수치(total phenolic compound 97.5.6mg/g, total flavonoid 306.5mg/g, DPPH radical 소거능 80.1%)를 나타냈으며 Acetaldehyde(ALDH)에 대한 활성은 헛개 및 울금 추출물에서 306% 및 292%로 가장 높은 활성을 나타내어, 헛개 및 울금 추출물이 ALDH 제거에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 헛개 및 울금 추출물이 함유된 숙취해소 음료를 이용하여, 임상실험을 실시한 결과, 시간경과에 따라 대조군에 비해 숙취해소음료 섭취군에서 알코올 농도가 감소되는 경향을 나타냈으며 흡연자에 비해 비 흡연자가, 남성에 비해 여성에게 숙취해소 음료의 섭취가 더 효과적인 것으로 확인되었다.

본 연구는 대추나무 생산농가의 합리적인 생산 계획수립을 지원하는 방안으로 2015년 9월부터 10월 사이에 경북 경산시 과원에서 5~30년생 대추나무의 수령별 과실특성, 수체특성 및 생산량을 조사하였 다. 대추나무 수령에 따른 과실 특성에 있어서, 과실 중량, 과실종경, 과실횡경은 5~25년생에서는 유의 성을 나타내지 않았으나, 30년생에서 감소된 수치를 나타냈고, 과형지수는 수령이 증가할수록 감소되는 경향을 나타냈다. 그러나, 과실당도는 23.28~25.46°Brix 범위로 수령에 따른 유의성이 나타나지 않았 다. 대추나무 수령에 따른 수체특성에 있어서, 수고, 근원경, 수관 폭 및 수관면적은 10년생까지 유의성 을 나타내며 생장하였으나, 10년생부터 30년생까지는 유의성을 나타내지 않았다. 생대추 생산량은 25년 생부터 유의하게 증가하는 경향을 나타내어, 대추나무의 수령이 생대추 생산량에 영향을 미치는 것을 확인하였다. 대추나무 수령이 생대추 생산량에 영향을 미치는 인자를 비교하였으며, 조사된 수체특성 인자에 대하여 상관계수를 도출하였다. 그 결과 생대추 생산량에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 수체특성 인자 는 수관폭으로 나타났다.

The efficacy of the natural amendments in improving physical condition as well as waterretention characteristics of the growing media in pot culture was studied on seven different mixratio of growing media applied to soil. Growing media was prepared from peat, perlite, pruningwaste, pulp(3:1:3:3(w/w/w/w)). Growth substrates were prepared by mixing growing media at therates of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 100% with soil at 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%,50% and 0%, respectively. The bulk density tended to decreased with increasing growing mediaproportions. The particle density was lowest(0.6 g/cm3) in sole growing media treatment and theporosity of all the soil mixed growing media(63.2~83.3%) was significantly higher than that ofthe soil as sole medium(60.7%). The water content was lowest in sole soil treatment(5.1%) andgrowing media as sole medium(57.8%) was the closely ideal range for pot culture(>60%). Although substrates were varying water to the atmosphere at similar rates which retained waterfor longer, growing media as sole still remain constant on high water content. It was confirmedthat strongly correlated between bulk density and water retentivity(correlation-0.85).

Populus euramericana is emerging as a viable feedstock for producing bioethanol from renewable resources. Steam explosion pretreatment of P. euramericana can solubilize a significant portion of the hemicellulosic component and enhance the glucose conversion of the remaining cellulose for fermentation into ethanol. In this study, steam explosion condition of P. euramericana is performed in a steam explosion reactor at severity log Ro 4.02 and severity log Ro 4.37. Glucose conversion varied from 72.3% to 80.1% of steam exploded P. euramericana at severity log Ro 4.02 and severity log Ro 4.37. Ethanol yields(%) based on sugar content after enzymatic hydrolysis after 48 h fermentation ranged from 87.0% to 88.4%. As a result, from 100 g of raw material, 14.0 g of ethanol are recovered of 47.3 g available cellulose content. This research of steam explosion pretreatment was a promising method to improve glucose conversion and ethanol yield for bioethanol production.

This experiment was designed to assess the physical and chemical properties of growing media substituted with a range of increasing concentrations of pretreated wood and to relate these properties to plant growth responses. For preparing the growing media, each material was combined with rural soil, peat, perlite and pretreated wood. Physicochemical properties studied were similar to ideal substrate ranges for plant growth on growing media, including pretreated wood. Physical properties were also well maintained over time. In comparison to plants growing in 100% rural soil, tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea) in the prepared growing media achieved better growth, especially when using the 50% rural soil + 50% PPW(peat + perlite + pretreated wood, 3:1:6(w/w/w)) and 30% rural soil + 70% PPW (peat + perlite + pretreated wood, 3:1:6(w/w/w)), and showed improved germination percentage. We confirmed the potential use of growing media, including pretreated wood. Furthermore, our results show a correlation among the physicochemical properties of tall fescue(Festuca arundinacea); physical properties were significantly influenced by germination and aerial parts. The root length of physicochemical properties was correlated with bulk density and organic compound (p<0.01).

이 연구는 식생기반재돌망태기슭막이의 녹화효과를 분석하였다. 식생기반재돌망태기슭막이 시공 후 20일 경과 후 식생이 발아하기 시작하였으며, 봄의 피복율은 약 20%를 나타내었다. 여름에는 피복율이 약 65%로 나타났으며, 출현종은 파종한 목본인 낭아초, 참싸리 모두 출현 하였으며, 초본으로는 벌노랑이, 자운영, 수레국화, 기생초, 코스모스 등 5종이 출현하였다. 이때 침입식생은 개망초, 새, 벼룩자리, 버들잎엉겅퀴, 미국자리공, 망초, 미국가막사리, 민들 레, 아까시나무, 찔레, 물쑥, 매듭풀, 자귀나무, 바랭이, 쇠무릅 등 15종이었다. 가을에는 피 복율이 약 82%로 나타났으며, 출현종은 6종, 침임식생은 5종으로 나타났다. 또한 식생기반재 돌망태기슭막이와 전석기슭막이, 식생낭기슭막이를 비교한 결과, 식생기반재돌망태기슭막이만 녹화효과가 나타났다.

An experiment was conducted to study the potential of thermal treated oak sawdust(steaming and steam explosion) as horticultural medium component in plug seedlings production of Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L.). This study involves the chemical, physical characterization and growth test of thermal treated oak sawdust(steaming and steam explosion) in order to evaluate their use as components of horticultural media. A commercial peat moss and oak sawdust were used as control. The total carbohydrate, C/N ratio, pH, phenolic compound, total porosity and water holding capacity were 45.1g/100g dry wt, 425.1, 4.4, 141.8mg/g wt, 82.5%, 47.1% in oak sawdust and 39.2g/100g dry wt, 300.3, 4.7, 131.7mg/g wt, 84.9% and 49.2% in steamed oak sawdust and 30.3g/100g dry wt, 247.8, 5.7, 40.8mg/g wt, 92.3% and 51.7% in steam exploded oak sawdust, respectively. The mixtures of the horticultural media were prepared using different substrate as peat moss, oak sawdust, steamed oak sawdust, steam exploded oak sawdust and perlite to grow Chinese cabbage in a greenhouse. The seed germination, stem height and leaf area were 68%, 2.2cm, 1.1cm2 in OSP(containing 90% oak sawdust and 10% perlite) and 69%, 2.5cm, 1.5cm2 in SMP(containing 90% steamed oak sawdust and 10% perlite) and 87%, 3.0cm, 2.2cm2 in SEP(containing 90% steam exploded oak sawdust and 10% perlite), respectively. The leaf area SEP(containing 90% steam exploded oak sawdust and 10% perlite) was higher than that of PP(containing 90% peat moss and 10% perlite). This research indicates that steam exploded oak sawdust may be utilized as a suitable replacement for peat moss in horticultural media component for Chinese cabbage.

본 연구는 하동지역의 녹차에 대해 근적외선 분광분석법(Near Infrared Spectroscopy, NIRS)을 이용하여 채취시기별 화학적 성분(총질소, 엽록소, 탄닌, 유리아미노산, 데아닌, 비타민 C, 카페인, 카테킨류, 총카테킨) 및 무기물 성분 변화에 대하여 분석하였다. 녹차의 화학적 성분 함량에 있어 엽록소, 탄닌, 비타민 C와 총카테킨 함량은 채취시기가 늦어질수록 증가한 반면, 총질소, 유리아미노산, 데아닌, 카페인 등은 대체로 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 무기물 함량은 채취시기가 늦어질수록 Mg, Ca, Mn은 증가하였으나 Na, K, B는 감소하였다. 또한 우전과 세작의 화학성분 중 총질소, 엽록소, 유리아미노산, 데아닌, 카페인, 총카테킨과 무기물 중 Na, Mg, Ca, B, Se 함량에 있어서는 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

이 연구에서는 선행연구의 녹차-목재섬유 복합보드에 부가하여, 목제품 생산 후 발생하는 부산물인 편백나무 톱밥의 효율적인 이용과 건축내장재로의 응용을 목표로 목재섬유와 편백톱밥 및 녹차를 혼합한 복합보드를 제조하여 동적탄성률에 미치는 톱밥 및 녹차 배합비율의 영향 및 동적탄성률로부터 정적 휨강도성능의 예측가능성을 평가하였다. 목재섬유-톱밥-녹차 복합보드의 동적탄성률은 1.41~1.65 GPa의 범위에 있었고, 목재섬유: 톱밥: 녹차의 배합비율 50 : 40 : 10에서 가장 높은 값을 나타내었다. 이 값은 정적 휨 탄성계수의 1.4~1.6배의 높은 값을 나타내었고, 녹차-목재섬유복합보드보다 2.0~2.9배 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 동적탄성률과 정적 휨 강도성능과의 상관회귀에서는 일부 예외를 제외하고 대부분 매우 높은 상관계수가 확인되어, 양단자유 휨 진동에 의한 동적탄성률로부터 정적 휨강도성능의 예측이 비파괴적으로 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

본 연구는 국내산 침엽수로부터 천연 항균화합물 개발을 목표로 미송 및 편백으로부터 추출물을 확보 하여 푸른곰팡이병의 원인균인 Trichoderma spp. 5종을 대상으로 항균활성을 테스트하고 GC/MS를 이 용하여 항균화합물을 탐색하였다. 미송 추출물은 Trichoderma spp.에 대해 1,000 ppm에서 저해 활성을 나타냈으며, 4,000 pp에서는 T. viride>T. harzianum>T. aggressivum 순으로 70.1, 67.3, 64.7% 의 높은 항균활성을 나타냈다. 편백 추출물도 1,000 ppm에서 항균활성을 나타냈고 4,000 ppm에서 T. viride>T. harzianum>T. aggressivum 순으로 63.2, 59.3, 59.1%의 높은 항균활성을 나타냈다. 그러나 1,000 ppm의 미송추출물과 1,000 ppm의 편백추출물을 각각 9:1, 8:2, 6:4, 2:8 (w/w) 비율의 혼합제 제로 만들어 Trichoderma spp.에 처리하였을 때 미송추출물 1,000 ppm 및 편백추출물 1,000 ppm 각 각의 단일추출물보다 낮은 항균활성을 나타냈다. Trichoderma spp. 5종에 대해 높은 항균활성을 나타 내는 미송추출물에서는 2-Isopropoxy-ethylamine 46.5%, epifluorohydrin 8.6%, trans-2,3-Dimethyloxirane 7.6%, (IR)-(-)-Myrtenal 6.0%, 2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol 3.9%, benzaldehyde 2.8%가 함유되어 있었고, 편백추출물에서는 α-Terpinenyl acetate 14.9%, Sabinene 10.9%, dl-Limonene 9.6%, α-Terpinolene 7.5%, α-Pinene 7.1%가 함유된 것이 확인되었다.

The Trichoderma disease, commonly referred to as green mold, has been previously considered as a problem in mushroom production, because it typically occurred in association with low-quality compost or poor hygiene. We studied growth of Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma aggressivum, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma koningii, Trichoderma viride) is under the control of environment factors ; 15℃ - 35 ℃ of incubation temperature, pH 3 - pH 11 of medium and 55% - 75% moisture content of rice straw medium. At the temperature of incubation, Trichoderma spp. had the highest growth rate at 25 ℃ and had no growth at 35 ℃. At the pH of medium, Trichoderma spp. had the highest growth rate at pH 5 and had the lowest growth rate at pH 11. In the Moisture content of rice straw medium, Trichoderma spp. had the highest growth at 75% moisture content and had the lowest growth rate at 55% moisture content.

Essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves and water extract from Pseudotsuga menziesii sawdust were examined for antifungal activity against Trichoderma spp. (Trichoderma aggressivum, Trichoderma atroviride, Trichoderm harzianum. Trichoderma koningii, Trichoder-ma viride). Generally, essential oil and water extract inhibited the growth of Trichoderma spp. by about 25% and 33%, respectively, at 1000 ppm. Antifungal activity of water extract was slightly higher than essential oil at 1000 ppm. Antifungal activity was increased with increasing concentration of essential oil and water extract. This study was carried out the investigation of the chemical composition of essential oil from Chamaecyparis obtusa leaves and water extract from Pseudotsuga menziesii sawdust. The essential oil was analyzed by GC-MS and water extract analyzed by GC-MS/HS. Thirty-eight components were identified, of which terpinyl acetate (13.41%), elemol (11.86%) and isobornyl acetate (7.89%) were the main compounds in essential oil. Twenty-four components were identified, of which 2-Isopropoxy-ethylamine (46.45%), Epifluorohydrin (8.62%) and Trans-2,3-Dimethyloxirane (7.78%) were the main compounds in water extract. Based on all results described above, we conclude that the essential oil and water extact may have a potent in vitro antifungal activity against Trichoderma spp.

An efficient method for the rapid propagation of Smilax china from axillary buds was established. Plants with thick leafage were selected from Korea native S. china population. Axillary buds of S. china collected from selected plant and were cultured in various culture media (2MS, MS, 1/2MS, WPM, B5 and SH medium). Shoot was induced from axillary bud on MS basal medium after 4 weeks of culture. 1/2MS medium showed a higher growth rate than those of the others, while the lowest shoot growth was obtained in 2MS medium. Among the sucrose concentrations, 5% sucrose was the optimum level for shoots growth from axillay buds. Among cytokinins, 0.5 mg L -1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) treatment showed the best performance on shoot multiplication, yielding average shoot multiplication forming about 2.4. Rooting was induced directly near the base of the shoot on 1/2MS medium containing with three-auxins α-napthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole acetic acid (IAA) and β-indolebutyric acid (IBA) (0.5 and 1.0 mg L -1 ). The 1.0 mg L -1 IBA treatments induced earliest rooting with maximum of root number and root growth. These rooted plantlets were successfully transferred to pots for 4 weeks hardening process, and were transferred to soil with above 90% survival rate.

  본 연구에서 조합 최적화(Combinatorial Optimization) 이론에 바탕을 두고 있는 네스티드 분할(Nested Partition, 이하 NP) 방법을 이용한 최적화 기반 요소선택 방법(Feature Selection)을 제안한다. 이 새로운 방법은 좋은 요소 부분집합을 찾는 휴리스틱 탐색 절차를 채용하고 있으며 데이터의 인스턴스(Instances 또는 Records)의 무작위 추출(Random Sampling)을 이용하여 이 요소선택

The yields of the n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insoluble fractions from the powdered water extracts were 8.2%, 10.6%, 32.0% and 49.2%, respectively (Table 1). The antifungal activities of water extracts, n-hexane-soluble fraction, ethyl acetate-soluble fraction, methanol-soluble fraction and methanol-insoluble fraction against L. edodes were 23.5%, 26.2%, 41.5%, 25.4% and 2.5%, respectively, at 1000ppm (Figure3). The ethyl acetate-soluble fraction showed much higher antifungal activity than the other fractions. The antifungal activity of the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction against L. edodes at 1000 ppm showed a statistically significant difference in the fractions of n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble, methanol-soluble and methanol-insolub

The yields of the fractions of n-hexane-soluble, ethyl acetate-soluble and methanol-soluble from the P. densiflora sawdust were obtained 1.36%, 2.21% and 4.03% using organic solvents, respectively (Table 1). The antifungal activity of the n-hexane extracts against L. edodes at concentrations 125, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm were 36.5%, 41.2%, 43.1%, 45.4% and 47.6%, respectively (Table 2). The percent of antifungal activity against L. edodes was the greatest for the n-hexane extracts, ranging from 36.5% to 47.6% at a concentrations of 125 ppm to 1000ppm, with the values for all concentrations significantly different from one another. In this experiment, the antifungal activity by the n-hexane extracts was the highest. This result supposed that the n-hexane extracts have not only many more inhibitory compounds against L. edodes than the ethyl acetate and methanol extracts but also the inhibitory compound may be more easily dissolved by n-hexane than by ethyl acetate or methanol.