Salmonella는 전 세계적으로 위장관 질환을 일으키는 주 요 식중독 원인균 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유통 닭고기에서 분리된 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) IJCS4-13 균주에 대해 WGS를 이용한 유전체 분석을 진행하였다. 해당 균주의 유전체는 4,678,812 bp 크기의 원형 염색체 (G+C 함량 52.17%)와 59,372 bp 크기의 플라스미드 (G+C 함량 51.96%)로 구성되어 있었다. 유전체 분석 결과, 총 147개 의 병원성 관련 유전자를 확인하였다. 이들 유전자는 부 착, 침입, 대식세포 내 생존, 스트레스 적응 등 다양한 병 원성 기전에 관여하는 것으로 알려져있다. 따라서 본 균 주는 다수의 병원성 인자를 보유하고 있어 높은 독력 잠 재력을 지니고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구에서 보고한 유 전체 정보는 S. Enteritidis의 병원성 메커니즘 규명 및 식 품 매개 감염병 관리에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공할 것이다.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) cause substantial economic losses on the livestock industry. Therefore, vaccinations have been implemented as the control strategy in endemic countries. However, the potential adverse effects of administering vaccines for both diseases simultaneously have not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of vaccinating dairy cows with either or both LSD and FMD vaccines on milk production and physiological parameters such as milk temperature, rumination time and body weight. The experimental groups were divided into four according to the injection materials: 1) saline, 2) LSD vaccine, 3) FMD vaccine, and 4) both vaccines. The impact of vaccination on milk yield and physiological parameters was evaluated daily until 12 days post-vaccination, and milk components were analyzed twice, once per week. Among the experimental groups as well as each vaccine group, no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed at milk yield, milk components, or milk temperature. This suggests that simultaneous vaccination of LSD and FMD can be administered without adverse effects.

Maturity at harvest is the key factor influencing storage life and the final quality of fruit. This study examined how the firmness of ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit at harvest affects its post-ripening characteristics to create a maturity chart. Throughout the storage period, firmness decreased in all categories of fruit: hard, medium, and soft. ‘Soft’ fruits lost 40% of their firmness within 2 days after harvest, whereas ‘hard’ fruits remained firmer than soft fruits throughout the storage period and had the least soluble solids content, indicating a slower ripening progression. The acidity of ‘soft’ kiwifruit was very low from the day of harvest, suggesting that it was utilized as a respiratory substrate during ripening. The a-values (indicating redness) for ‘soft’ fruits gradually increased until day 6, stabilizing thereafter. ‘Soft’ fruits exhibited the highest ethylene production rate throughout storage. They showed a climacteric rise in ethylene on day 13, compared to ‘medium’ and ‘hard’ fruits, which exhibited increases on days 19 and 21, respectively. This data can help determine the optimal ethylene treatment duration for ripening ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit. The firmness of ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit at harvest is a crucial factor in determining its marketability and can effectively serve as a maturity index to estimate its shelf life.

본 연구는 절화 국화의 수경재배와 토경관비재배 시 생육 특 성을 비교하기 위하여 실시하였다. 그 결과 초장, 절화의 생체중 과 건물중은 토경관비재배에서 증가하였다. 식물체 내 전질소, 칼륨 및 칼슘의 함량도 토경관비재배에서 더 높았다. 반면에 줄기 직경은 수경재배에서 3.7mm로 증가하였다. 또한 개화소 요일수도 토경관비재배보다 수경재배에서 3일 정도 단축되었 고, 줄기 1개당 꽃 수도 19.6개로 수경재배에서 더 많았다. 결과 적으로 토경관비재배에서 식물체 내 무기염류 함량이 높고, 초장이 길어지고 생체중, 건물중이 증가하였지만 수경재배보다 개화기는 지연되었다. 또한 토경관비재배보다 수경재배에서 줄 기 직경이나 꽃 수 등이 증가하였다. 따라서 재배자의 입장에서 국화 수경재배를 통해 양분과 수분 공급량의 조절에 의한 개화 기의 조절, 조기 개화 및 절화 품질 향상 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

본 논문에서는 감옥과 타워의 서로 다른 공간에 있는 두 플레이어가 무전기를 통해 협력하여 퍼즐을 푸는 2인용 퍼즐 탈출 게임을 제안한다. 다양한 경험을 제공하기 위해서, 제안하는 게 임은 염색약 퍼즐, 동물 퍼즐, 레버 퍼즐, 체스판 퍼즐, 독수리 석상 퍼즐, 점프맵 퍼즐, 미로 맵 퍼즐로 구성된다. 제안하는 게임에서는 퍼즐 힌트를 찾는 플레이어와 그 힌트를 바탕으로 퍼즐을 푸는 플레이어가 서로 협력하며, 퍼즐에 따라 플레이어의 역할은 바뀔 수 있다. 또한, 도전 욕구를 자극하기 위해서, 제안하는 게임은 평균 2분 이내로 풀 수 있는 쉬운 퍼즐부터, 평균 16분 내외 걸리는 어려운 퍼즐까지 다양한 퍼즐로 구성된다. 게임이 재미있으면 몰입하 게 되는데, 제안하는 게임은 평균 1시간 내외가 소요됨에도 불구하고 대부분의 플레이어가 포 기하지 않고 끝까지 플레이하는 실험 결과를 보인다.

This study aimed to broaden the utilization of rice flour by incorporating it into white bread. The rice flour used was derived from the "Baromi 2 (B2)" soft rice variety developed by the Rural Development Administration. Wheat flour in white bread was substitution with B2 at levels of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. The physicochemical properties of the resulting products were evaluated. As B2 substitution levels increased, fermentation expansion and product volume decreased. However, no significant differences from the control group were observed substitution levels up to 20%. Increasing B2 levels also reduced the crust’s Browning Index (BI), whereas products with appropriate B2 substitution exhibited reduced staling rates. These findings suggest that B2 has the potential to be used as a wheat flour substitute at levels up to 20% in baked goods. This study also reaffirms B2’s suitability as an alternative to wheat flour, suggesting that incorporating various baking enzymes and gluten substitutes will improve the quality of rice-based bread products in future applications.

Background: The climate of Korean peninsula is characterized by four distinct seasons. In recent years, global warming has accelerated, and summers in Korea are typically hot and humid. However, the precise extent of climatic damage caused in Hanwoo farming has not yet been reported, by long raise periods. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of birth and slaughter season on economical carcass characteristics in Hanwoo cattle. Methods: Hanwoo steer carcass data was collected from the Korean Institute for Animal Products Quality Evaluation database for 2021-2022. Hanwoo birth and slaughter season was classified as spring (March-May), summer (June-August), fall (September-November), and winter (December-February). Results: The carcass mass and loin area were significantly higher in winter- and spring-born Hanwoo than in summer- and fall-born cattle. However, back fat thickness was significantly higher in winter- and spring-slaughtered steers than in summerslaughtered cattle. In addition, the marbling score was highest in summer-slaughtered steers, but meat yield grade differed between Hanwoo steers of different ages. Conclusions: Out results indicate that carcass mass and loin area were correlated with birth season, whereas back fat thickness and marbling score were related with slaughter season. These results will contribute to improving meat production quality in the Hanwoo industry.