This study aimed to examine the effect of a mild elevation in serum cholesterol level in a porcine coronary overstretch restenosis model using a balloon angioplasty catheter or drug-eluting coronary stent. Pigs were divided into two groups and were fed a commercial normal diet (CND, n = 4) or a high-fat diet (HFD, n = 4) for 5 weeks. Coronary overstretch injury by balloon angioplasty or stent implantation was induced in the left anterior descending and left circumflex artery after 1 week of feeding. Histopathological analysis was performed at 4 weeks after coronary injury. During the experiment, the total cholesterol level in the HFD group increased by approximately 44.9% (from 65.9 ± 3.21 mg/dL at baseline to 95.5 ± 9.94 mg/dL at 5 weeks). The lumen area in the CND group was reduced in comparison with that in the HFD group after balloon angioplasty. After stent implantation, the injury score showed no significant difference. There were significant differences in the neointimal area (2.7 ± 0.33 mm2 in the CND group vs. 3.3 ± 0.34 mm2 in the HFD group, p<0.05), lumen area (2.6 ± 0.54 mm2 in the CND group vs. 2.0 ± 0.33 mm2 in the HFD group, p<0.05), and percent area stenosis (52.0 ± 7.96% in the CND group vs. 62.4 ± 5.15% in the HFD group, p<0.05). Body weight change was not different between the two groups. Increased serum cholesterol level activated vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in the porcine coronary overstretch model.

South Korea has over 0.38 million of managed honey bee (Apis cerana) colonies before 2009 years ago, which produce the highest quantity of honey in the Korea; however, almost colony (90%) were collapsed by Korean Sacbrood Virus (KSBV) in South Korea. Korean Sacbrood Virus (KSBV) is the pathogen of A. cerana Sacbrood disease, which poses a serious threat to honeybee A. cerana, and tends to cause bee colony and even the whole apiary collapse. Colony collapse of A. cerana was first reported on the Pyeong-Chang of the South Korea in 2009. Several scientists and governments has been tried research for cure the sacbrood disease in A. cerana colony by medicines and management techniques. Unfortunately, The sacbrood disease dosen’t improve. So, we were developed a better breed of A. cerana for resistance of sacbrood virus by selection and then artificial insemination. A. cerana breeding technique was first successful applied with A. cerana in Korean. Queens was grafted from sacbrood resistance line and then it was growing in sacbrood disease colony that was survived 100%. Altogether selected 18 queens were artificially inseminated and 2,000 drones of A. cerana in Korea was used to evaluate amount of semen collection. We are select two scabrood resistance A. cerana line (R and H). R line be used for rearing the Queen. Drone was reared in H line colony. The RH hybrid were not infected sacbrood virus even spread sacbrood virus (2×106). RH colonies have very excellent hygienic behavior, brood, and sacbrood disease resistance activity.

The periodic occurrence of biological population is affected by several biological and environmental factors and ancient literature survey offers insight into ecological process related to the cyclicity. The periodic occurrence of a Lepidopteran species, the pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis), was estimated based on ancient literature survey. The pine caterpillar was one of the most injurious defoliators of pine trees in northeast Asia, especially Korea during 1960s and 1970s. Outbreaks of this species have long history in Korea. Since about 900 years ago, damages of pine forest by this species and its control were recorded both in History of Corea dynasty which cover 475 years (918-1392) of the history of the Corea Dynasty and in the Annals of Joseon Dynasty (Joseon Wangjo Shillok) which cover 472 years (1392-1863) of the history of the Joseon Dynasty, respectively. At least over 20 and 30 occurrences of pine caterpillar were recorded during Corea dynasty and Joseon Dynasty, respectively. These results showed that the pine caterpillar had been one of the most severe forest pests during Corea and Joseon Dynasty. Our result showed that the ancient literature survey is useful to understand the long-term periodic occurrence of the pine caterpillar.

소나무재선충병의 나무주사는 살선충제를 중심으로 실시되어 왔으며, 매개충인 솔수염하늘소와 북방수염하늘소의 방제는 주로 항공방제나 지상방제를 통하여 이루어졌다. 본 연구에서는 나무주사를 통하여 매개충 (솔수염하늘소)을 방제하기 위한 연구로 Abamectin+Acetamiprid ME, Thiamethoxam DC 약제의 나무주사시 솔수염하늘소의 약효발현농도, 처리 후 기간별 효과(2017년~2018년)를 검토하였다. 실내 발현농도 시험에서는 Acetamiprid, Thiamethoxam LC50 value는 각각 0.102ppm, 0.083ppm 으로 나타 났으며, 야산(포장)에서 Abamectin+Acetamiprid ME, Thiamethoxam DC 처리구의 100.0% 치사 소요일 수는 처리 90일 후 11.0일, 9.4일, 처리 360일 후 11.6일, 10.0일로 나타나서 두 약제 모두 3월 처리시 다음해에 발생하는 매개충 (솔수염하늘소) 방제까지 가능함을 확인 할 수 있었다.

꽃노랑총채벌레는 저항성 해충군이 가지고 있는 크기가 작고 산란수가 많으며 세대기간이 매우 짧은 특성을 가지고 있다. 또한, 이동능력이 우수하고, 다양한 령기가 혼재하고 있으며, 꽃과 잎 등 식물체뿐만 아니라 토양에서 생활환을 완성하는 복잡한 생태를 가지고 있다. 이러한 총채벌레의 특성으로 인하여 시설 내 방제는 어려운 실정이며, 동일계통의 작용기작을 갖는 약제들의 단조로운 패턴의 약제사용으로 인하여 그 방제효과는 떨어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 꽃노랑총채벌레의 효과적인 방제를 위한 약제 혼용살포, 연속살포, 로테이션 처리별 효과 검증을 통하여 방제체계를 제안하였다. 우선 실내에서 약제별 약충과 성충에 대한 처리방법별 효과 검토를 통하여 꽃노랑총채벌레 밀도가 높지 않은 초기에 사용이 가능한 약제와 총채벌레 밀도가 높은 시기에 처리할 수 있는 약제를 선발하였고, 이를 기반으로 포장에서 혼용살포, 연속살포, 로테이션 조합별 효과 검토를 하였다. 또한 본 시험결과들을 기초로 ㈜경농에서는 3가지 이상의 다른 작용기작의 약제를 밀도가 높을 경우 3~5일 간격으로 3회 이상 연속살포하는 3!3!3! 총채벌레 관리프로그램을 운영중이며 지속적으로 관리프로그램을 개선해 나가는 중이다.

딱정벌레목 바구미과에 속하는 나무좀은 일찍부터 산림의 주요 해충으로 다루어져 왔다. 최근 사과원에서 M.9 대목을 이용한 사과 밀식재배가 확산되고, 기후변화에 따른 이상 기상으로 사과나무 동해에 의한 2차 나무좀 피해가 늘어나고 있어 이들에 대한 관리대책이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구는 사과원에 발생하는 나무좀류의 발생 양상을 파악하고 효과적인 약제 선발을 통해 효율적인 방제 체계 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 활용하고자 수행하였다. 사과원에 발생하는 나무좀은 암브로시아나무좀, 오리나무좀, 붉은목나무좀, 사과둥근나무좀 등 4종으로 암브로시아나무좀이 우점종으로 조사되었다. 암브로시아나무좀의 발생은 4월부터 시작하여 연 2회 발생하였다. 주간부에서 나무좀의 피해는 대부분 21~100cm 높이에서 발생하였으며, 야외 방제 시험에서 Phentoate EC, Chlorpyrifos WP, Thiacloprid SC 등이 높은 방제가를 나타내었다.

This study aimed to identify milling characteristics depending on the number of a cutting roller’s air vent and blowing velocity to remove rice bran by the cutting type milling machine which can minimize the conventional milling process. The level of whiteness was found to be 38±0.5 in all the conditions, showing consistent whiteness levels during milling. The rice temperatures turned out to be 15.4 and 14.6oC which were rather low-level under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and blowing velocities of 35 and 40 m/s respectively. Cracked rice ratio was 2.13% under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and a blowing velocity of 35 m/s. Broken rice ratio showed the range of 0.762-0.869%, reflecting a low level. Turbidity after milling was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. Energy consumption for milled rice production was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. The optimum milling condition for cutting type milling machine depending on air vent number of cutting roller and blowing velocity was found to be 3 vents and 35 m/s.

This study aimed to identify milling characteristics depending on the number of a cutting roller’s air vent and blowing velocity to remove rice bran by the cutting type milling machine which can minimize the conventional milling process. The level of whiteness was found to be 38±0.5 in all the conditions, showing consistent whiteness levels during milling. The rice temperatures turned out to be 15.4 and 14.6oC which were rather low-level under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and blowing velocities of 35 and 40 m/s respectively. Cracked rice ratio was 2.13% under the conditions of the cutting roller with 3 vents and a blowing velocity of 35 m/s. Broken rice ratio showed the range of 0.762-0.869%, reflecting a low level. Turbidity after milling was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. Energy consumption for milled rice production was decreased, as blowing velocity became faster. The optimum milling condition for cutting type milling machine depending on air vent number of cutting roller and blowing velocity was found to be 3 vents and 35 m/s.

The Small hive beetle, Aethina tumida (Murray, A. 1867) (commonly abbreviated to SHB), is one of notifiable pest in the world. SHB were confirmed in the southeastern United States in 1998 in a apiary in Florida. The SHB also was found in Korea in 2016. The SHB larvae have relatively large heads and numerous protuberances covering their bodies. Upon full maturation, larvae have reached a length of 10 mm. Adult females are length and width of ± 5.5 mm and ± 3.4 mm. Naturally occurring small hive beetles can vary greatly in size, possibly depending on diet, climate, and other environmental factors. Additionally, we were analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene of the SHBs. The sequence of the COI gene of SHB was identical to that of SHBs in Korea, but different by fourteen positions from Italy.

The technique of artificial insemination is the possible one that can surely control mating of the selected drones with the virgin queen. This technique was first time applied with A. cerana in Korean. The average amount of semen can collected from one Korean A. cerana drone was 0.09 μl and 0.1 μl of Vietnamese one, whereas the A. mellifera was more than 6 times (0.58 μl semen per A mellifera drone). Obtaining 1 μL of semen have to collect from 11.94 drones that successful semen ejection. Queens artificially inseminated with 4 μl of semen (once insemination) or 8 μl of semen twice (each insemination with 4 μl of semen) started laying egg later than naturally mated queens 5.3 and 2.5 days, respectively. The onsets of oviposition of artificially inseminated queens were 12.5 to 15.3 days.

Due to their environmental and economical consequences, invasive species have become a major concern worldwide. Among them, the yellow-legged hornet, Vespa velutina, is a keen hunter of domestic honeybees. They use olfactory cues from the prey to assess food information. In this study, we investigated the attraction behavior of V. velutina to honeybee pheromone under outdoor conditions. Nine honeybee pheromones were tested and compared in order to find the best attractant. When testing specific compounds, the honeybee queen pheromone, homovanillyl alcohol, proved highly attractive.